Introduction
As I thoroughly explained in my research proposal, my research topic is based on music and how different beats that each piece of music brings can psychologically influence us to do certain tasks. The specific question I had was, "How exactly do rhythmic beats lead people to make major decisions that can eventually lead to dramatic events?" Finding the answer for this question is significant, because when people are stressed out, and fatigued, one of the last things they think about is the power of music. What I found out by reading the resources below is that music can actually make a major change in the way people think, feel, and act.
In order to discover this, I looked up various articles and eBooks from the internet that had to do with music and it's psychological effects. When people listen to music, it usually gets processed into the mind first; so the usual key terms I looked up were something like, "psychological effects of music." By typing in these words, I received countless resources that explained the significant role that music has on our minds.
Wigram, Tony, Inge Nygaard Pedersen, and Lars Ole Bonde. "A comprehensive guide to music therapy:
theory, clinical practice, research, and training, Volume 1." Jessica Kingsley Publishers. 2002. 25 Feb. 2011. <http://books.google.com/books?id=qDNKfX3g3ykC&dq=psychological+effects+of+music&source=gbs_navlinks_s>
Jessica Kingsley publishers write a wide variety of comprehensive guides to behavioral sciences. The comprehensive guide to music therapy has over 300 pages that cover every possible detail about music, music therapy, the history of music therapy, the body parts that are involved with music therapy, and much more. It would be more possible that the audience for this guide would be pointed towards educated individuals, due to the complexity of the subject of music therapy. If the reader can follow through with the details, the reader should know all about the history, science, anatomy, and foundations of music therapy.
Seaward, Brian Luke. Managing Stress: Principles and Strategies for Health and Wellbeing. Ed. Julie Champagne Boldue. 2006. 4 Feb. 2011. <http://www.google.com/search?q=psychological+effects+of+music&btnG=Search+Books&tbm=bks&tbo=1>
As a Ph.D. and an international expert at managing stress, Brian Luke Seaward made this book to let readers know how to manage stress in different ways. In pages 425-431 of his book, Seaward discusses about music therapy. It seems that Seaward cares for his audience, since he explains how to use music therapy most effectively; even down to the recommended music artists. The author even writes in a self-assessment for the reader, so the reader can know where they are in their stress management. This book was made in 2006, which makes it modern enough for the information and advice in the book to be relevant for readers today. Seaward has given step by step information about music therapy to where the reader can fully understand what it is, and how to use it most effectively.
Brown, Steven, and Ulrik Volgsten. "Music and manipulation: on the social uses and social control of music." Berghahn Books. 2006. 18 Feb. 2011 <http://books.google.com/books?id=cQ4WWl8ZrfMC&pg=PA148&dq=psychological+effects+of+music&hl=en&ei=pOdeTa_VB4uCsQPBiu26CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=psychological%20effects%20of%20music&f=false>
As independent publishers for 16 years, Berghahn Books made a book in 2006 called "Music and Manipulation." The essays that were compiled to make this book were written by Steven Brown and Ulrik Volgsten. The essays describe broad effects that music has on the mind as well as society. With scientific evidence, and a bit of historical evidence, the author wants to audience to know that music is an emotional manipulator as well as a social manipulator.
Campbell, Don. "Music: Physician for Times to Come." Quest Books. 1991. 25 Feb. 2011. <http://books.google.com/books?id=aOdCjLHGKH0C&pg=PA102&dq=psychological+effects+of+music&hl=en&ei=GEBoTfS5L4P6sAOAhMymBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=psychological%20effects%20of%20music&f=false>
As an author and educator, Don Campbell wrote this book as a compilation of essays that identify the beneficial factors of music. Throughout the book, Campbell provides different types of evidence that describe how music arouses certain feelings, and enhances the human body. As the reader goes through the book, it can be easily identified that Campbell focused more on how music is a healer, and how it can be a "physician." This book was written in 1991, but the historical evidence makes it so the information provided doesn't make the book too outdated.
Clark, Anita V. "Psychology of moods." Nova Publishers. 2005. 18 Feb. 2011 <http://books.google.com/books?id=RqNVshbRkmEC&pg=PA145&dq=psychological+effects+of+music&hl=en&ei=pOdeTa_VB4uCsQPBiu26CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD4Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=psychological%20effects%20of%20music&f=false>
Psychology of Moods is a book written by Anita V. Clark that discusses about mood and how it is brought up and shifted by different things. In chapter 8 of this book, the author uses music to explain how a persons mood can be changed. The author divides music into five different elements, such as rhythm, melody, pitch, harmony, and interval. The author also discusses about the psychological influence that music has on individuals. The author specifically says that music can alter mood, promote relaxation, and provide auditory distraction.
Reynolds, Gretchen. "Phys Ed: Does Music Make You Exercise Harder?" New York Times. 25 Aug. 2010. 25 Feb. 2011. <http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/25/phys-ed-does-music-make-you-exercise-harder/?scp=1&sq=psychological%20effects%20of%20music&st=cse>
Gretchen Reynolds has been writing articles mainly on physical health for the New York Times for a little under 2 years. In this article, the author discusses how music can enhance one's exercise. The author explained an actual experiment that was made on bikers as they were listening to music with changing tempos. The result of this experiment was when the music increased in tempo, the bikers chose to perform their exercise with more effort. This article was made only 6 months ago, which makes it relevant for it's audience. What the author wants to know is that if the heart is synchronized with the right kind of music, then physical performance can be enhanced.
Sharma, Monorma. "Special Education: music Therapy." APH Publishing. 18 Feb. 2011. <http://books.google.com/books?id=3628ozG-FDoC&pg=PA39&dq=psychological+effects+of+music&hl=en&ei=pOdeTa_VB4uCsQPBiu26CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=psychological%20effects%20of%20music&f=false>
The APH Publishing Corporation has made many textbooks for educational purposes. The book Special Education: Music Therapy focuses mainly on music and it's therapeutic effects on humans as well as animals. What's unique about this resource is that it also focuses on individuals with mental disabilities and how music therapy can be used to harmonize these individuals. The members of the audience that are going to get the most out of this book will be those who are caring for those with mental defects.
"Using Music to Lift Depression's Veil." Editorial. The New York Times. 24 Jan. 2008. 4 Feb. 2011. <http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/01/24/using-music-to-lift-depressions-veil/?scp=3&sq=psychological%20effects%20of%20music&st=cse>
Tara Parker-Pope has been writing blogs on health for the New York Times since 2007. In 2008, she wrote an article on music therapy. The author not only explains that music therapy has an effects, but she also explains that there is two types of music therapy. In one case, a physician can listen to music with the patient and discuss their thoughts and feelings about the music. In another case, the physician can play music with the patient. The author points out that there is also some complications with music therapy. There hasn't been very much high-quality research done with music therapy due to low funding, so all test have to be small-scale. The author gives the audience a good look as to the basic principles of music therapy.
Conclusion
With all of these resources, I mainly learned the psychological benefits of music. I barely found any negative effects that could be brought up by music. The theme that I repeated found in all of these resources was "music therapy." When authors talked about music therapy, the next thing they would discuss was something like how music can bring up relaxation, and other beneficial results. I now definitely know how music can make a person feel, think and act more positively. I still think I should conduct my own research, and find out what happens to people when they do certain activities while listening to music that contrast in tempo. I should also try to find research that is based either on my personal experiences with music or with personal experiences with other people.