"Jerusalem was, of course, the sacred city of the Bible and focus of the Jewish people for thousands of years: it was religious center, goal of pilgrims, capital city of the ruler, and seat of administration and law. The city itself lies on the southern spur of a plateau in the Judean Mountains, surrounded by valleys and dry riverbeds - one of the oldest continuing cities in the world, occupied for at least six thousand years. Ground plan of Jebus, the original fortress captured by David, and the rock area on which the Temple would later be built Jebus, the walled area in the lower right of the diagram, marks the original fortress taken by David Though there were people living on the site as early as the 4th millennium BC, the fortress/city only became prominent in history after David captured it and made it his capital. "
http://www.bible-archaeology.info/jerusalem.htm
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