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Korean Notes from Learn to me in Korean

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저녁 내내 뭐 했어요? [Jeo-nyeok Nae-nae Mwo Hae-sseo-yo?]
what did you do all evening?
In this sentence, 'all (through)' is '내내' in korean.
Ex) 전 오후 내내 당신을 기다렸어요.
I've been wait for you all afternoon.
... 내가 원하는/하고 싶은 건 한 시간 내내 한국어로 말하는 거예요.
I want to do is to speak in korean for a full hour.
* 오후 내내 : all afternoon, *한 시간 내내 a full hour.
종일 means 'from morning to evening' , so It can be used only with 하루(= a day).. but 내내 means 'from first to last'. EX) 한 달종일(x)/한달 내내/ , 하루종일/ 하루내내

Sentence Types
Korean has four main sentence types : 평서문 declarative, 의문문 interrogative, 명령문 imperative, and 청유문 propositive sentence.

Moreover, the sentence type is in fluenced by korean speech styles, which can be divided into three main types : 존댓말[Jon-daet-mal] (formal polite, informal polite) and 반말[Ban-mal] (informal plain).

저릿저릿 is a way to say the feeling when legs are numb..korean thinks this feeling is similar with a small electric shock, so It can be used as 찌릿찌릿... 찌릿찌릿 is also used as the feeling when see an amazing guy/girl. If the feeling is strong, use 짜릿짜릿.

한국어 문장구조 Korean sentence Structure

what does "-끼리" mean?
용민 hang out with female friends together.. 용민씨 여자친구끼리(???) 놀았다
It means 'persons of the same category together
EX) 남자끼리,여자끼리,가족끼리, 아이끼리, 어른끼리,회사동료끼리, 학생끼리, 선생님끼리,회사끼리,,,

오늘 잘 지냈어요? 한국은 날씨가 많이 따뜻해졌어요..물론 아침과 밤에는 춥지만..^^

Today it goes? South Korea is having a lot of the weather warms up. ..Of course, morning and at night the coolness in. ..^^

1) Meaning of V-고 나다
-고 = ~ and...
나다= to happen


이 표현은 어떤 행동이나 일이 일어난 후에 다른 행위를 하거나 어떤 상황이 발생함을 나타냅니다.

This expression expresses to do another action, or a state happen after some action or event occurred.

이것은 대개 '-(으)면: If, -아/어서②: ~and, (으니)' 사용되지만 '(으)니'와 사용될 때 '-(으)면,-아/어서'와는 약간 다르다

This is mainly used with '-(으)면: If, -아/어서②: ~and, (으)니' but when used with '(으)니', its a bit different with '-(으)면,-아/어서'.

2) Meaning of V-고 나니

이 표현은 어떤 행동이나 일이 얼어나기 전에는 몰랐는데 그 일이 일어난 후에 어떤 것을 새롭게 알게 되거나 발견했을 때 혹은 이전에 생각했넌 것과 달랐을 때 사용합니다

This expression is used to indicate that the speaker learned something new , discovered some new piece of imformation, or found out something was contrary to what was previously thought after some action or event occurred.

'-고 나니'는 '-고 보니/보니까'로 사용해도 됩니다.

The form -고 보니/보니까 can also be used for -고 나니.

After koreans go to the restroom, we say " 시원하다" what does '시원하다' mean?*

When koreans solve a difficult or old problem, we say " (속이) 시원하다"

this expression has many meanning but its close with 편안하다

시원하다 means "to be cool" in dictionary. but above this case it means
"satisfy". in many case Koreans say "시원하다" in place of "satisfy(만족하다). It's a metaphorical expression.

The different functions of 이/가 and 은/는

According to my reference materials (mainly “Basic Korean” by Andrew Sangpil Byon), here is a list of the different usages of the 이/가 and은/는.

 I. SUBJECT Case PARTICLE / and its usages

***Used to mark/emphasize the subject of a sentence

The subject case particle (SP) can be omitted in colloquial conversation because context clues help indicate the subject of a sentence. However, it cannot be omitted in formal written communication.

           ----------->  찰스 커피를 마셔요 --> Charles drinks coffee (marks the subject)/ No one else but Charles drinks coffee (emphasizes the subject)

 ***이/가 usage in negation

이/가 is not only used to mark the subject of a sentence. When it is used in negation, it does not mark the subject of the sentence. For example:

          ------------> 토니 멕시코 사람 아니에요--> As for Tony, he is not Mexican.

사람 is not the subject of the sentence, but the SP is used to help indicate negation. (This one blows my mind!)

 ***Double subject construction

Sometimes, Korean sentences will have two nouns that are marked by the SP. But, this does not mean that the sentence has two subjects. In fact compound subjects in Korean are marked in a different way.

          ------------> 친구 세 명 왔다 --> Three friends came.

In this sentence, 세 (3) is the focus instead of 친구.

          ------------> 토니 크다 --> Tony’s hands are big.

In this sentence the SP relates the two nouns as possessor (Tony) and possessed (hands).

It may be confusing as to which noun is the “real” subject. Context clues, intonation, etc. will help you determine the meaning of the sentence. 

 

II. Special TOPIC PARTICLE / and its usages

***Marking a topic/switching to a new topic

For example, if you are talking about Sara, the first sentence referring to her would use은/는. Only when you change topics will you need to use 은/는 to mark the new topic. For example:

          ------------> 사라 멕시코 사람이에요.------------------ Sara is Mexican.

          ------------>선셍님이에요.                         ------------------ She is a teacher.

          ------------> 25살이에요.                              -------------- She is 25 years old.

          ------------> 존 미국 사라이에요.           -------------- As for John, he is American.

 

***To compare and contrast

When two consecutive sentences use 은/는, the particle helps compare or contrast the two topics. For example:

          ------------> 사라 멕시코 사람이에요. 존 미국 사라이에요.

                             As for Sara, she is Mexican. However, (as for) John is American.

 

***SP and TP in questions

In an interrogative sentence the thing that is being asked about is usually marked by이/가, and it is often marked by 은/는 in the answer.

For example:

          ------------>Tony:  전공 뭐에요? (What is your major?)

The subject case particle () is used because “major” is the subject of the sentence but not the topic of the conversation yet. Remember that in English, you can find the subject of an interrogative sentence by changing the order of the words --> What is your major? = Your major is what.

          ------------>Mark: 전공 한국어에요. (As for my major, it is Korean)

Once Mark answers the question, “major” becomes the topic of the conversation. So, the topic particle () is used.

 

Well, that’s all the info that I have on the subject. Hopefully, it has helped you to understand the differences, usages, etc. of 이/가 and은/는. As I said before, if there are any corrections and additions, please comment. You can also check out my previous note on the basic understanding of 이/가 and은/는 and the challenges they present for English speakers.

what does 넌 뭐야? mean in english?

The full phrases is "너의 정체가 뭐야? what is your dentity."

Its can be used when u are confused about one's identity.

Also, you can use 누구야 or 당신 뭐야 when anybody in your yard without permission..

주말인데 다들 뭐 하세요?

What is everyone's weekend?

 

1. 이 표현은 앞절의 내용이 뒷절의 행동을 하는 여러 가지 이유 중의 하나임을 나타냅니다. 말하는 사람이 
 뒷절의 행동을 하는 다른 이유도 있지만 앞절 때문에 우선적으로 그 일을 한다는 것을 의미합니다.
기타의 다른 이유가 있다는 것은 암시만 할 뿐 이야기는 하지 않습니다.
다른 말로, 화자가 실제/진짜 이유을 말하고 싶지 않거나 많은 이유 중 하나를 말할 때 '-고 해서'를 사용합니다.그래서  화자는 그것을 들을 때 화자가 또 다른 실제 이유나 하나보다 많은 이유를 가지고 있음을 예상할 수 있다.
This expression means that the r...eason given in the preceding clause is just one of a number of reasons for the behavior  described in the following clause. The speker uses the phrase to state the primary reason for doing the action in the following clause while also indicating that there are other reasons. in the way, the speaker only hints at the other reasons and does not explicitly state them.
In other words, the speaker uses '-고 해서'  when the speaker doesn't want to tell  the real/actual reason or  tells only one from many reasons, so when listener hear that, the listener may expect that the speaker actually has more than one or another real reason. I think -고 해서 can be  translated as " for one thing" in english.
A/ V -고 해서                     피곤하다                                          피곤하고 해서
                                            만나다                                              만나고  해서
N-이고 해서                      친구(이)다                                        친구(이)고 해서
                                            학생이다                                          학생이고 해서
1) 돈도 없고 해서 오늘은 집에 있으려고 해요.
I dont have any money, for one thing, so  I plan to stay  home today.
2)피곤하고 해서 약속을 취소했어요.
I was tired (among other things),so I cancelled the appointment.
3) 가: 너 피곤한데 택시 안 타요?
           You're tired, so why dont take a taxi?
    나: 네. 길도 복잡하고 하고 해서 지하철을 타는 게 좋겠어요.
           Well, there's a lot of traffic and all, so I think taking the subway will be better.
4) 가: 저녁 같이 드실래요?
    나: 점심도 늦게 먹고 해서 저녁은 안 먹으려고요.
2. 이 표현은 'N도 V/A고 해서' 와  'V/A-기도 하고 해서'로도 쓸 수 있다.
    This expression can also can be used in the froms 'N도 V/A고 해서' and ' V/A-기도 하고 해서'.
 1)  밥을 먹고 해서 산책을 했어요 = 밥도 먹고 해서 산책을 했어요.
                                                                  = 밥을 먹기도 하고 해서 산책을 했어요.
                                                                      ( I ) ate dinner, so I took a walk.
 2)  날씨가 춥고 해서 집에 일찍 돌아갔어요= 날씨도 춥고 해서 집에 일찍 돌아갔어요.
                                                                                  = 날씨가 춥기도 하고 해서 집에 일찍 돌아갔어요.
                                                                                      I got home early because it was cold.
3. 'N도 V/A고 N도 V/A고 해서' 혹은  'V/A-기도 하고 V/A-기도 하고 해서'처럼  사용하면 앞절이 뒷절의 행동을
    하는 데 많은 이유가 있지만 그 중 두가지 이유를 대표적으로 말하고 있다는 것을 나타낸다.
  When used in the form 'N도 V/A고 N도 V/A고 해서' or  'V/A-기도 하고 V/A-기도 하고해서' , this expression in  
  diccate two representive reason among many for the action in the following clause.
4. 연습 
  Ex1) 
     가: 마트에 가시나 봐요.
           I guess that  ( you ) go to mart.  
     나 : 네. 친구가 놀러 왔다/ 장를  보러 가다
      --> 제 친구들이 놀러 오고 해서 장 보러 가요.Yes. I go to the maket because friends came over to my house.
            ⓐ 마트 mark: grocery store
            ⓑ 시장에가다/ 장을 보다 to go to the maket
            ⓒ 기름값  the price of gas
            ⓓ  담배를/술을 끊다 to quit[stop] smoking/drinking
1) 기름값이 오르다 / 요즘 운전을 안 하다
   ->  _____________________________ _______________.
2) 몸에 안 좋다/ 담배를 끊었다.
   -> ______________________________ _______________.
Ex2) Reasons :몸에 좋아요, 기분이 좋아져요, 향이 좋아요
   가: 소냐 씨는 차를 자주 드시는 것 같아요.
   나: 네 향기 좋고 해서 자주 마셔요.
         몸에도 좋고 기분이 좋아지고 해서 자주 마셔요.
3) 값이 싸요, 집에서 가까워요, 물건이 다양해요.
   가: 마리아 씨는 어디에서 쇼핑을 하세요?
   나: 저는 ______________________________ __동대문 시장에 자주 가요.
4) 값이 싸요, 시간이 없어요, 먹기 간편해요
    가 :캐롤린 씨는 점심에 무엇을 드셨어요?
    나 : ___________________ 김밥을 먹었어요.
5) 날씨가 추워요, 외출하기 귀찮아요, 영화가 보고 싶어요
   가: 타라 씨는 주말에 왜 놀러 가지 않았어요?
    나: ___________________  놀러 가지 않았어요.
6) 동네가 시끄러워요, 회사가 멀어요, 교통이 불편해요.
    가: 머라이어 씨, 왜 이사를 하려고 하세요?
    나: ___________________ 이사를 하려고 해요.
7) 친절해요, 성격이 좋아요. 얼굴이 잘 생겼어요.
    가:지난 번에 만나 남자와 사귀려고 하세요?
    나: 네, 그 남자가  _______________ 사귀려고 해요

‎-(으)ㄴ과 - 았/었던 차이
The phrase (으)ㄴ can refer either to the fact some actiom or event simply happened in the past or to the fact that the completed state of an action or event has continued to the present. Thus, it differs from -았/었던 in the follwoing ways.
EX) The place she went to is our school.
1) -(으)ㄴ: 그녀가 간 곳이 우리 학교야/학교이에요.
-> She went to our school in the past but whether you still there or cann't be
... determind.
2) -았/었던 : 그녀가 갔던 곳은 우리 학교야/학교이에요.
-> She went to our school in the past but it's understood that she did not
subsequently stay there.
and in the case of adjective, 이다, and 아니다, the expression-았/었던 must be used.

 

1.This expression is  ' -다가'  usage and ' -(으)면' usage 
'V-다 보면'은 앞 절의 행동을 계속하면 도중에 후행절의  결과가 생긴다는 것을 나타낼때 사용된다.
'V-다 보면' indicates that if the action or behavior in the previous clause continues, then  the result in the following clause will occur on the middle of doing the action.
'-다가 보면'으로 쓰기도 합니다.
Its also wri...tten in the from '-다가 보면'.
EX)
1) 이 길을 내려가다 보면  우체국이 나와요.
Go down this street and you'll come across the post office
2) 가: 그 친구하고는 친해지기가 어려운 것 같아요.
           It seems difficult to get know the friend.
    나: 아니에요 자주 이야기하다(가) 보면 친해질 수 있어요.
          No, you can get to know her better if you keep taking to her often.
2.다 보면 앞에는 과거형이나 미래형이 올 수가 없고 다음 절에도 과거의 시제가 올수가 없다.
Neither the past nor future tense can come before -다 보면, and the past thense is not allowed in the next clause either.
EX) 그 친구를 만나다 보면 좋아질 거예요(O)
     -> 그 친구를 만났다 보면 좋아질 거예요(x)
          그 친구를 만나겠다 보면 좋아질 거예요(X)
          그 친구를 만나다 보면 좋아졌어요(x)
 1) 가: 정말 죄송합니다..우리 아이가 유리창을 깼어요
            I'm very sorry. (My) child broke the glass window.
     나: 괜찮아요. 아이들이 놀다 보면 유리창을 깰 수도 있지요.
            It's okey. Glass windows are apt to be broken once boys shart playing around for a while.
     가: 어제 친한 친구하고 크게 싸워서 기분이 안 좋아요.
           I'm in a bad mood because I had a big fight with a close friend yesterday.
           같이 지내다 보면 싸울 때도 있죠. 하지만 빨리 화해하세요.
     나:  Of course you're going to fight when you're together a lot. But you should make up soon.

오늘 하루 어땠어요? how was your day? 전 하루종일 잠만 잤어요..

How was your day? how was your day? I slept only sleep all day.

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on Dec 15, 11