Dr. Sorin Adam Matei

• Planners frequently resort to oversimplifying complex realities to achieve clarity, despite complexity being an inherent characteristic of the modern operational environment. While humans simplify reality due to cognitive limitations, artificial intelligence simplifies due to computational efficiency and goal-driven optimization.
• Future planning will therefore emphasize dynamism, emergent organization, and self-organization, where time, space, and force composition happen in tandem with AI agents
• Critical decision-making convergence points arise where AI agents and human planners converge into a continuously evolving decision-making rhizome
• Surprise has consistently been a transient phenomenon
• This article contends that the rapid advancements in AI technology have the potential to elevate operational art to unprecedented levels of unconventional thinking
• model that embraces complexity, emergence, and dynamism
• The excessive reliance on bureaucratic control mechanisms and doctrinal standardization within military organizations presents a structural impediment to innovative cognition and the evolution of adaptive decision-making frameworks.¹⁰ This institutional rigidity fosters a competency trap, wherein organizations become self-referentially entrenched in established methodologies, misperceiving them as universally optimal, thus impairing their capacity for epistemic adaptation and strategic responsiveness in dynamic operational contexts
• nstead, it can establish a novel operational environment where strategic choices, situational awareness, and operational thought evolve in constant interaction with multidimensional data flows
• new situational developments, enabling emergent strategies and decentralizing operational decision making in ways that challenge traditional command structures and linear planning paradigms
• catalyst for embracing complexity and fostering emergent strategic thinking.
• AS fundamentally transforms this process by integrating information with unprecedented precision and significantly mitigating cognitive biases inherent in human-centric planning. Rather than eliminating the need for predictive activities, MAS refines and improves prediction accuracy through artificial intelligence. Automated management of information overload, combined with an emergent and dynamic human-machine planning interaction, ensures continuous adaptation. Multiagent coordination further supports decision making, enabling tactical adjustments in real-time combat scenarios, provided sufficient authorization. The introduction of MAS radically compresses both spatial and temporal dimensions within the battlespace. Consequently, operational planning undergoes a profound paradigm shift, adopting a multiparadigmatic approach centered around dynamic human-machine teaming.
• wever, in asymmetric and hybrid operations, the adversary can be a decentralized and adaptive network in which focal points continuously shift.¹⁶ In preparing the abilities to fight near peer enemies, the static and predefined center of gravity no longer provides a viable strategic framework, as modern military operations require continuous situational awareness updates and adaptive decision-making mechanisms. In contemporary warfare, center of gravity should be understood as an evolving and context-dependent phenomenon, emerging in real-time as a result of various factors and environmental changes. Instead of focusing on striking a fixed center of gravity, operational planning can leverage multiagent systems and AI to map how an enemy’s critical structures evolve dynamically.
• This evolution requires advanced sensor fusion, real-time data processing, and context-sensitive decision making, ensuring AI systems adapt fluidly to changing operational conditions.
• The future of AI agents is closely tied to their increasing autonomy, adaptive learning, and self-organizing capabilities, which are crucial for the evolution of more complex multiagent systems.
• One of their primary advantages is their ability to decompose complex problems into smaller, manageable subproblems, allowing for parallel computation and real-time decision optimization.²
• Drone swarms
• MAS systems elevate the operational capabilities of AI agents to a new level. Their decentralized architecture enables the efficient and flexible resolution of complex, large-scale problems, making them highly adaptable to dynamic environments.³³ Moreover, MAS systems leverage synergistic effects, where the collective intelligence of individual agents leads to emergent behaviors and solutions that surpass the sum of their individual capabilities.
• AI agents can already offer a decisive advantage in military operations by automating repetitive and high-volume tasks, allowing human operators to focus on complex, strategic, and creative decision making.

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• views on critical issues, how they utilize polarizing strategies to achieve their goals, brand themselves while rallying followers, and in the way they interact with their constituents and the media, make them vastly opposing figures.
• while exploring how their controversial, and most often unconventional, decision-making and personal communication styles will continue to shape national and global public opinions and emotions, many severely negative.
• Zeus and Hades were, otherwise, somewhat similar, though they existed in drastically separate and differing worlds. This juxtaposition of these brothers is being included in this paper as a unique, descriptive representation of presidents, Macron (Zeus) and Trump (Hades). Fittingly, Macron has described his presidency as “Jupiterian”, after the Roman sky and lightning god, the king of the other gods. This suggests Macron aims to be an aloof but strong leader, thundering orders from on high (Drochon, 2017).
• Macron is said to possess two grand ambitions: reform France, which has resisted change for thirty years and reverse the decline of Europe (Phillips, 2018). A committed globalist and future-thinking European Union (EU) supporter, Macron leans of the aspirational idea that the EU can be a united superpower and sovereign entity (Phillips, 2018), like the United States (US). His ideal EU would be built to match the US in innovation and entrepreneurship and impose common labor and environmental protections across the region while enforcing external borders to control the flow of refugees and immigrants (Phillips, 2018).
• Reasoning
• Trump is admittedly glued to domestic cable news and Twitter, and deeply cares media and public opinion. “Twitter facilitates a discursive climate, which is more extreme, divisive, and polarized. Trump appears to be a beneficiary of this effective shift by crafting his charged messages there in a way that spills over into mainstream media” (

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• (Almedom, 2005); and not just in offline circumstances, but online as well. Social networking sites, including Facebook and Twitter have all been used to study how people use and grow their access to social capital, and isolated individuals appear to suffer from social capital deficits (Cohen & Richards, 2015; Ellison et al., 2014; Phua et al., 2017; Ziv & Kiasi, 2016). As we know, Bourdieu divides social capital into two types: bonding, (which occurs at the individual level); and bridging, which occurs at the group level. According to Almedom (2005), “bonding social capital helps people to ‘get by,’ while bridging social capital enables them to ‘get ahead’” (p. 946). This project investigates the exchange of social capital on the internet among a stigmatized group, that is, individuals who are romantic partners or family members of offenders who are sentenced to life in prison. Specifically, I seek to answer the following research questions:
• RQ4: Does participation in Prison Talk Online forums help family members/partners to increase their access to social capital?
• All the above research will be constrained to a poster’s first six months of engagement on the forum. The next steps will take place in the second six months of engagement. The original poster will be examined to see if he or she is extending social capital back to the wider group, in fulfilment of the reciprocity construct. His or her posts will be examined for the same language as the group had offered earlier

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• but that such an examination will further refine our understanding of the application of these three theoretical bodies of work as well as providing valuable social insight.
• a hybrid form of journalism encompassing statistical analysis, computer science, visualization, web design and reporting (Bell 2012; Bradshaw 2010; Thibodeaux 2011) and has been closely associated with the use and proliferation of open data and open-source tools to analyze and display that data (Gynnild, 2014).
• The journalist is the independent variable and the adoption
• Knowledge Gap

• Hypotheses

   

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• embodied by trust based
• potential for prosperity
• patient prioritization as the dependent variable.

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• The kingdom is at a crossroads: Its economy has flatlined with low oil prices; the war in Yemen is a quagmire; the blockade of Qatar is a failure; Iranian influence is rampant in Lebanon, Syria and Iraq; and the succession is a question mark
• Prominent Saudi columnist Jamal Kashoggi applauded the campaign, but warned: “He is imposing very selective justice.”

• Yet, with the introduction and adoption of social media, how much influence does the news media still have on news consumers’ evaluations of important public issues?  Is there still a uniform public agenda, or has the current news media landscape fragmented any idea of a cohesive public news agenda?
• inter-media fragmentation and intra-media fragmentation
• A critique of past agenda-setting research concerns its reliance on the idea that there even exists such a thing as public interest on such a macro scale (Burd, 1991).
• One way this struggle with the relevance of agenda-setting manifests can be seen in its similarities with priming.  Priming is defined in a news media context as the media suggesting to media consumers that “they ought to use specific issues as benchmarks for evaluating the performance of leaders and governments”
•  In essence, priming effects do a lot to explain why the agenda-setting hypothesis has any validity.  Similarly, priming is often seen as an extension or outcome of agenda-setting
• A big data analysis of macro-level agenda-setting effects is worthwhile in the investigation of agenda-setting and especially worthwhile in the investigation of potential national level agenda-setting effects.

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• This paper argues that these newer contexts for the theory are not only appropriate, but should be extended into more social media contexts due to uses and gratifications’ utility in the study of these newer platforms
• When considering social media, then, it is frequently used as an expression of identity and intimate emotions. There are a number of unstudied emotional needs that people seek to fulfill through social media use that deserve attention.

• disclosures motivated by the social validation goal were more

   

  likely to occur in public Twitter accounts than in Facebook, but there were no differences in their occurrence between public and protected Twitter accounts
• gratify this specific emotional need among others
• than computer-mediated communication
• Uses and gratifications offers the ability as no other early mass communication theory does to determine precisely which basic human needs are being met and how. This pinpointing of needs is possible through self-report data as media users are generally able to reflect and share how and why they use the media they do (Katz et al., 1973). Studies have already shown the level of specificity uncovered in use motivations for social media users in studies such as (Smock et al., 2011), where the authors broke down Facebook into its distinct features to more accurately determine why users utilized each of the various functions of the networking site rather than taking the site as a single medium. Uses and gratifications provides a great flexibility to be able to break apart any given social media platform into its numerous components (e.g., Smock et al., 2011) so that which exact needs motivate which use of each distinct feature can be understood.

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• With its tradition of investigating how the media tell audiences “what to think about” (Cohen, 2015), I believe that agenda-setting theory could be a useful tool to help researchers identify who the opinion leaders are in today’s media landscape, and how they determine what people are posting, tweeting, and snapping about. The lines between creator and consumer are fuzzier today than ever before - what determines who can become an opinion leader (Bakshy, Hofman, Mason, & Watts, 2011)?
• these theories are still very relevant for examining the flow of these interactions.
• Do heavy users of social media believe different things about the world than light users or non-users? What variables might influence such a difference? A quick search of non-academic articles turns up dozens of results for the question “is social media changing us?
• For communication functions that mirror or resemble those in the physical world, I believe that many of our current theories still apply. World and industry leaders still put their own spin on the information they deliver to journalists’ live feeds, making agenda-setting theory relevant; people share, retweet, repost, and forward content to their social networks every day, a clear extension of diffusion of innovation theory; and while the creation and spread of information is much more egalitarian than it used to be, many users still follow others who could be called “opinion leaders” in the tradition of two-step flow. Finally, the concepts of cultivation theory and our worldview changing to match the media we consume is an under-explored question that could shed light on how powerful people are (attempting to) influence us through our social media accounts.

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• Agenda setting theory posits that as the media chooses, shapes and prioritizes issues for audiences, it thus helps to drive conversations about what is and is not salient in the collective social consciousness.
• construct network agendas
• Breitbart News. Using agenda setting theory, social media researchers may be able to learn about the impact organizations that produce biased and factually flawed news stories have on the public’s perceptions about issue salience. While politicians, pundits and impassioned voters argue about whether such organizations are or are not “real news organizations” the fact is that many consumers see them as such. What impact do these “fake news” stories have on publics?
• his Maryland-based company is known for requiring its properties to carry conservative content that is forced into its local newscasts every day.
• I thought about media agenda setting, it seemed to me that this kind of news coverage might be priming – or close to it
• priming
• Finally
• Facebookisation
• flyby” readers
• It is impossible to flesh out all the arguments why agenda setting theory remains relevant to social media researchers of today

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