tail(1) - Linux man page
Name
tail - output the
last part of
filesSynopsis
tail [
OPTION]... [
FILE]...
Description
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Print the last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or when
FILE is -, read standard input.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
- --retry
- keep trying to open a file even if it is inaccessible when tail starts or if it becomes inaccessible later; useful when following by name, i.e., with
--follow=name
- -c, --bytes=N
- output the last N bytes
- -f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
- output appended data as the file grows; -f, --follow, and --follow=descriptor are equivalent
- -F
- same as --follow=name --retry
- -n, --lines=N
- output the last N lines, instead of the last 10
- --max-unchanged-stats=N
- with --follow=name, reopen a FILE which has not changed size after N (default 5) iterations to see if it has been unlinked or renamed (this
is the usual case of rotated log files)
- --pid=PID
- with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies
- -q, --quiet, --silent
- never output headers giving file names
- -s, --sleep-interval=S
- with -f, sleep for approximately S seconds (default 1.0) between iterations.
- -v, --verbose
- always output headers giving file names
- --help
- display this help and exit
- --version
- output version information and exit
If the first character of N (the number of bytes or lines) is a '+', print beginning with the Nth item from the start of each file, otherwise, print the
last N items in the file. N may have a multiplier suffix: b 512, k 1024, m 1024*1024.