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"Consequently, operational closure need not be a tragic thesis that we are forever doomed to completely misunderstand one another. Our ability to enter into the world of others– animal, social, human, and technological –can grow and develop, even if it will never be complete."

observation other philosophy object-oriented-ontology understanding psychology

"When we interact with web and intranet teams, we find many struggling to move beyond conceptual-level discussions on information organization. Hours on end are spent on discussing the meaning of "metadata", "controlled vocabulary" and "taxonomy" without any strategic understanding of how everything fits together. Being so bogged down at this level they fail to look beyond to the main reason for their pursuit—organizing information for others (the end users) so that they can find the information easily."

information-science organization other people digital

in list: For Teaching

lecture identity other self philosophy

"The hypothesis of an "actor–observer asymmetry" was first proposed by social psychologists, Jones and Nisbett in 1971. They hypothesized that “actors tend to attribute the causes of their behavior to stimuli inherent in the situation, while observers tend to attribute behavior to stable dispositions of the actor” (Jones & Nisbett, 1971, p. 93)"

psychology interpersonal fundamental-attribution-error attribution self other action

politics socialism economics capitalism fairness imagination other experience

The problem lies so deep in the fabric of our perception that it has earned an impressively general label: the Fundamental Attribution Error. Originally identified through the work of Ned Jones and Lee Ross in the 1960s, this quirk of human assumption appears robustly in study after study. In outline, it works like this: we assume that other people behave as they do because that is their nature; we ourselves, however, behave as we do because we have assessed the situation and logically chosen a course. We alone respond to changing circumstance; others simply are the way they are.

fundamental-attribution-error psychology bias rationality mental-process other perception

psychology perception good other morality ethics emotion

Daniel Hutto has written Folk psychological narratives (2008) to argue against the idea that we each use a theory-of-mind to understand other people.

psychology cognition awareness other folk-psychology mental model

Two experiments revealed that (i) people can more accurately predict their affective reactions to a future event when they know how a neighbor in their social network reacted to the event than when they know about the event itself and (ii) people do not believe this. Undergraduates made more accurate predictions about their affective reactions to a 5-minute speed date (n = 25) and to a peer evaluation (n = 88) when they knew only how another undergraduate had reacted to these events than when they had information about the events themselves. Both participants and independent judges mistakenly believed that predictions based on information about the event would be more accurate than predictions based on information about how another person had reacted to it.

psychology philosophy self-definition mental bias perception other

Part II: For Writers
1. You get to write whatever you want, including CoC (characters of color).
2. You may worry about being criticized for your handling of race.
3. PoC don’t have an obligation to teach you how to write CoC well and avoid criticism.
4. Nonetheless, here are some suggestions on how to write CoC well.
5. You will get it wrong. This is what you should do.

sf literature fiction writing culture other race racism