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ABSTRACT
Guidelines for designing information charts often state that the presentation should reduce ‗chart junk‘ – visual embellishments that are not essential to understanding the data. In contrast, some popular chart designers wrap the presented data in detailed and elaborate imagery, raising the questions of whether this imagery is really as detrimental to understanding as has been proposed, and whether the visual embellishment may have other benefits. To investigate these issues, we conducted an experiment that compared embellished charts with plain ones, and measured both interpretation accuracy and long-term recall. We found that people‘s accuracy in describing the embellished charts was no worse than for plain charts, and that their recall after a two-to-three-week gap was significantly better. Although we are cautious about recommending that all charts be produced in this style, our results question some of the premises of the minimalist approach to chart design.

2010 Canada HCI Tobii eye tracking information visualization embellishment charts interpretation recall comprehension memorability

in list: HCI & Usability

ABSTRACT
This paper describes a study that seeks to explore the correlation between eye movements and the interpretation of geometric shapes. This study is intended to inform the development of an eye tracking interface for computational tools to support and enhance the natural interaction required in creative design.
A common criticism of computational design tools is that they do not enable manipulation of designed shapes according to all perceived features. Instead the manipulations afforded are limited by formal structures of shapes. This research examines the potential for eye movement data to be used to recognise and make available for manipulation the perceived features in shapes.
The objective of this study was to analyse eye movement data with the intention of recognising moments in which an interpretation of shape is made. Results suggest that fixation duration and saccade amplitude prove to be consistent indicators of shape interpretation.

UK 2010 Tobii eye tracking X120 geometric shapes understanding perception interpretation vision

in list: Ophthalmology & Vision science

ABSTRACT
Tasks with a complex, dynamic visual component require not only the acquisition of conceptual/procedural but also of perceptual/attentional skills. This study examined expertise differences in perceiving and interpreting complex, dynamic visual stimuli on a performance and on a process level, including perceptual and conceptual strategies. Performance, eye movement, and verbal report data were obtained from seven experts and 14 novices. Results show that experts compared to novices attend more to relevant aspects of the stimulus, use more heterogeneous task approaches, and use knowledge-based shortcuts. Implications for instructional design for the acquisition of perceptual skills are discussed.

Germany 2010 Tobii eye tracking 1750 perception attention dynamic object interpretation differences skill expertise cognitive Behavioral psychology

in list: Cognitive & Behavioural Psychology

ABSTRACT
This study presents an analysis of the effect of different graph types on the comprehension of cyclic events. The results indicated that although round and linear graph designs are informationally equivalent, the round graphs are computationally better suited than linear graphs for the interpretation of cyclic concepts.

Turkey 2010 Tobii eye tracking 1750 graph comprehension cyclic round types linear interpretation understanding cognitive Behavioral psychology

in list: Cognitive & Behavioural Psychology

ABSTRACT
Eye tracking heatmaps have become very popular and easy to create over the last few years. They are very compelling and can be effective in summarizing and communicating data. However, heatmaps are often used incorrectly and for the wrong reasons. In addition, many do not include all the information that is necessary for proper interpretation. This paper describes several types of heatmaps as representations of different aspects of visual attention, and provides guidance on when to use and how to interpret heatmaps. It explains how heatmaps are created and how their appearance can be modified by manipulating different display settings. Guidelines for proper use of heatmaps are also proposed.

USA 2009 technology Tobii eye tracking heatmaps heat map proper use attention duration count visualization communicate interpretation representation

in list: Eye Tracking Technology

INTRODUCTION
In design research and in the education of designers, a holistic approach is prevalent. Since design quality is often understood through the relationship between a design product and its context of use, the details of a design product do not always get the attention they deserve. Managing the details and their interrelationships is, however, essential as much of the design process in practice consists of finalizing the details, choosing the best shapes and selecting the most appropriate colours.
This trend is partly caused by the lack of proper methods for studying the details of design products. Typical consumer research methods rely on consumers’ opinions, which by their nature are inaccurate and depends on interpretation.
However, eye-tracking provides useful methods for evaluating the details of design for usability. This research project aimed at applying these established methods in the field of design research, in order to create an evaluation approach that is both feasible and reliable. The research was carried out jointly by University of Tampere having expertise in usability evaluation and eye-tracking research and University of Art and Design Helsinki having expertise in industrial design. Nokia, Fiskars and Clothing+ acted as business partners in the research project. This project was a part of the Design 2005 program organised by the Finnish National Technology Agency Tekes.

Finland 2006 HCI Usability Tobii eye tracking 1750 ClearView design visual perception interpretation evaluation approach

in list: HCI & Usability