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ABSTRACT
Situated public displays and interactive surfaces are becoming
ubiquitous in our daily lives. Issues arise with these
devices when attempting to interact over a distance or with
content that is physically out of reach. In this paper we outline
three techniques that combine gaze with manual handcontrolled
input to move objects. We demonstrate and discuss
how these techniques could be applied to two scenarios
involving, (1) a multi-touch surface and (2) a public display
and a mobile device.
in list: Eye Control
ABSTRACT
Interactive Evolutionary Computation (IEC) community
aims at reducing user's fatigue during an optimization task
involving subjective criteria: a set of graphic potential
solutions are simultaneously shown to a user which task is
to identify most interesting solutions to the problem he had
to solve. Evolutionary operators are applied to user choices
expecting to produce better solutions. As traditional IEC
ask the user to give a mark to each solution or to explicitly
choose bests solutions with a mouse, we propose a new
framework that uses in real time gaze information to predict
which parts of a screen is more significant for a user. We
can therefore avoid the user to explicitly choose which
solutions are interesting for him. In this paper, we mainly
focus on automatically ordering solutions shown on a
screen given a gaze path obtained by an eye-tracker. We
applied several supervised learning methods (SVM, neural
networks…) on two different experiments. We obtain a
formula that predict with 85% user choices. We
demonstrate that decisive criterion is time spent on one
solution and we show the independency between this
formula and the experiment.
in list: HCI & Usability
ABSTRACT
Cognitive interference resulting from simultaneous exposure to both an interactive advertisement and a program context may lead to less attention devoted to the ad. Using eye tracking, we study how a thematically (in)congruent program affects visual attention to an interactive ad, and how congruence moderates the effect on viewing attention of cognitive load resulting from time pressure. A congruent program leads to more ad viewing time and more gaze jumps between ad and program than an incongruent one. Time pressure significantly reduces ad viewing time in the congruent context, while it does not affect viewing time in the incongruent situation.
in list: Cognitive & Behavioural Psychology
ABSTRACT
This paper presents an exploratory empirical study about users’ reception and usage behavior with interactive information graphics. 14 participants took part in the study. We assume users to act interest-driven. Therefore no explicit tasks were assigned to participants. In order not to distract the user, retrospective thinking aloud was employed. Results show that (1) usage durations were heterogeneous between users and between different types of interactive information graphics; (2) users tended to watch introductory animations; (3) initial orientation without interaction on the first content screen (after intro) was rather long with 23 seconds on average; (4) story-based approaches seem to motivate users but might lead to less intensive reception of information; (5) several reception and usage problems have been identified regarding information presentation and interaction. Interactive information graphics tend to overwhelm users with too much information and disregard well-known principles and rules of the old media and web design.
in list: HCI & Usability
ABSTRACT
This paper investigates the behaviors of users judging similarity of documents by eye-tracking analysis. This investigation relates with recently-proposed concept of Minimal User Feedback (MUF), which aims at decreasing the cost of a user providing feedback information. In order to achieve this goal, this paper focuses on minimizing the cost of judging similarity of documents, which is supposed to be fundamental task for a user using an interactive document clustering system. In the experiment, 21 test participants were asked to judge the similarity of documents. As the clue for the judgment, 3 types of information; original text, snippet, and term, are investigated. An eye-tracking device is used to record the participants’ viewing behaviors. The areas of interesting (AOI) are analyzed, and the result shows that the areas at which the participants more frequently looked are different between the conditions of judging documents of same topics and different topics. It also shows that participants most frequently switched AOIs between documents when terms are presented. The obtained results will contribute to the design of interface that can minimize the user’s feedback cost.
in list: HCI & Usability
ABSTRACT
Eye tracking is a fascinating technology that is starting to be used for evaluation of and for interacting in virtual environments. Especially digital games can benefit from an integrated (i.e., evaluation and interaction) approach, harnessing eye tracking technology for analysis and interaction. Such benefits include faster development of innovative games which can be automatically evaluated in an iterative fashion. For this purpose, we present a framework that enables rapid game development and gameplay analysis within an experimental research environment. The framework presented here is extensible for different kinds of logging (e.g., psychophysiological and in-game behavioral data) and facilitates studies using eye-tracking technology in digital entertainment environments. An experimental study using gaze-only interaction in a digital game is also presented and highlights the framework’s capacity to create and evaluate novel entertainment interfaces.
in list: HCI & Usability
ABSTRACT
A challenging goal today is the use of computer networking and advanced monitoring technologies to extend human intellectual capabilities in medical decision making. Modern commercial eye trackers are used in many of research fields, but the improvement of eye tracking technology, in terms of precision on the eye movements capture, has led to consider the eye tracker as a tool for vision analysis, so that its application in medical research, e.g. in ophthalmology, cognitive psychology and in neuroscience has grown considerably. The improvements of the human eye tracker interface become more and more important to allow medical doctors to increase their diagnosis capacity, especially if the interface allows them to remotely administer the clinical tests more appropriate for the problem at hand. In this paper, we propose a client/server eye tracking system that provides an interactive system for monitoring patients eye movements depending on the clinical test administered by the medical doctors. The system supports the retrieval of the gaze information and provides statistics to both medical research and disease diagnosis.
in list: Medical research
ABSTRACT
In this paper, we firstly present what is Interactive Evolutionary Computation (IEC) and rapidly how we have combined this artificial intelligence technique with an eyetracker for visual optimization. Next, in order to correctly parameterize our application, we present results from applying data mining techniques on gaze information coming from experiments conducted on about 80 human individuals.
in list: Eye Tracking Technology, HCI & Usability
ABSTRACT:
This paper proposes combining traditional usability methods with the analysis of eye movement recordings to evaluate interactive map interfaces, and presents a case study in support of this approach. The case study evaluates two informationally equivalent, but differently designed online interactive map interfaces presented to novice users. In a mixed factorial experiment, thirty participants were asked to solve three typical map-use tasks using one of the two interfaces; we then measured user satisfaction, efficiency (completion time) and effectiveness (accuracy) with standard SEE usability metrics. While traditional (bottom line) usability metrics can reveal a range of usability problems, they may be enhanced by additional procedural measures such as eye movement recordings.
Eye movements have been shown to help reveal the amount of cognitive processing a display requires and where these cognitive resources are required. Therefore, we can establish how a display may or may not facilitate task completion by analyzing eye movement recordings. User satisfaction information related to tested stimuli (i.e., collected through standardized questionnaires) can also be linked to eye tracking data for further analysis. We hope that the presented methodology and case study will help cartographers and map interface designers to better identify design issues in their products,and that these insights will eventually lead to more effective and efficient online map interfaces.
in list: HCI & Usability
ABSTRACT
The paper presents the results of a case study of searcher's relevance criteria used for assessments of Web pages in a perspective of learning style. 15 test persons participated in the experiments based on two simulated work tasks that provided cover stories to trigger their information needs. Two learning styles were examined: Global and Sequential learners. The study applied eye-tracking for the observation of relevance hot spots on Web pages, learning style index analysis and post-search interviews to gain more in-depth information on relevance behavior.
Findings reveal that with respect to use of graded relevance scores and number of relevance criteria applied per task and test person there are no significant difference between the different styles. Although there differences are detected in the use of relevance criteria between Global and Sequential learners during assessments, they are statistically insignificant. When interviewed in retrospective the resulting profiles tend to become even similar across learning styles but a shift occurs from instant assessments with content features of web pages replacing topicality judgments as predominant relevance criteria.
in list: HCI & Usability
Abstract.
Elderly people often experience difficulties using interactive TV.
This paper presents the findings of a usability evaluation study in combination with eye-tracking conducted for an information oriented interactive TV application. We explored two user groups: elderly users (50 years and above) and users between 20 and 30 years of age. Our focus was on how elderly people perceive and interpret a navigation oriented iTV application. Apart from the standard usability data we used eye-tracking data to gain more insight on why iTV usage seemed to be more difficult for the group of elderly.
in list: HCI & Usability
ABSTRACT
Eye tracking is a usability tool that employs a device that measures on-screen eye fixations and movements to determine how users visually interact with an interface. In this paper, we present best practices for planning and moderating eye tracking sessions as well as offer details regarding the technical configuration used during our studies. We found that eye tracking is pivotal in determining complex usability issues that would be difficult to uncover with traditional observational and think-aloud techniques.
in list: HCI & Usability
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