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ABSTRACT
Projector phones, handheld game consoles and many other
mobile devices increasingly include more than one display,
and therefore present a new breed of mobile Multi-Display
Environments (MDEs) to users. Existing studies illustrate
the effects of visual separation between displays in MDEs
and suggest interaction techniques that mitigate these
effects. Currently, mobile devices with heterogeneous
displays such as projector phones are often designed
without reference to visual separation issues; therefore it is
critical to establish whether concerns and opportunities
raised in the existing MDE literature apply to the emerging
category of Mobile MDEs (MMDEs). This paper
investigates the effects of visual separation in the context of
MMDEs and contrasts these with fixed MDE results, and
explores design factors for Mobile MDEs. Our study uses a
novel eye-tracking methodology for measuring switches in
visual context between displays and identifies that MMDEs
offer increased design flexibility over traditional MDEs in
terms of visual separation. We discuss these results and
identify several design implications.

UK 2011 Cauchard Multi-Display Environment Mobile eye Tracker HCI Interface projector Tobii Glasses

in list: HCI & Usability

ABSTRACT
This paper describes a study of Java program debugging using a multiple window software debugging environment (SDE). In this study we have replicated an earlier study by Romero et al. (2002a, 2002b, 2003), but with the difference of using both the Restricted Focus Viewer and the eye tracking equipment to track the visual attention of the subjects. The study involved ten subjects debugging short Java programs using the SDE. The SDE included three different representations of the Java programs, those of the program source code, a visualization of the program, and its output concurrently in three separate panels in SDE. We used the Restricted Focus Viewer (RFV) and a remote eye tracker to collect the visual attention of the subjects. A with-in subject design, similar to Romero et al., employing both RFV/no-RVF task conditions was used.
The overall results of the time distributions over three different representations of the programs agree with the study of Romero et al. But the results of visual attention switching raise some questions to be considered in later studies.

Finland 2004 HCI Usability Tobii eye tracking 1750 Java program debugging software environment Restricted Focus Viewer visual attention switching

in list: HCI & Usability

ABSTRACT
Visual realism has been a major objective of computer graphics since the inception of the field. However, the perception of visual realism is not a well-understood process and is usually attributed to a combination of visual cues and image features that are difficult to define or measure. For highly complex images, the problem is even more involved. The purpose of this paper is to present a study based on eye tracking for investigating the perception of visual realism of static images with different visual qualities. The eye-fixation clusters helped to define salient image features corresponding to 3D surface details and light transfer properties that attract observers' attention. This enabled the definition and categorization of image attributes affecting the perception of photorealism. The dynamics of the visual behavior of different observer groups were examined by analyzing saccadic eye movements. We also demonstrated how the different image categories used in the experiments were perceived with varying degrees of visual realism. The results presented can be used as a basis for investigating the impact of individual image features on the perception of visual realism. This study suggests that post-recall or simple abstraction of visual experience is not accurate and the use of eye tracking provides an effective way of determining relevant features that affect visual realism, thus allowing for improved rendering techniques that target these features.

perception eye tracking human--computer interaction photorealistic rendering simulation environment visual realism UK 2008 Tobii 1750

in list: HCI & Usability