Ethics Newsline » Commentary » Ethics and Earthquakes
Tags: ethics, business ethics, politics, corruption, workplace, morality, china on 2008-06-25 -All Annotations (0) -About
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Those who think ethics is merely an option — one of life’s electives, rather than an essential for survival — need to look closely at a photograph from last week’s news. It shows a pile of post-earthquake rubble in China’s Sichuan Province. Taken by a New York Times photographer, it captures all that is left of Xinjian Primary School, once a four-story building in the city of Dujiangyan. According to the accompanying story, several hundred children died in its May 12 collapse.
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What makes the photograph remarkable, however, is not the rubble. It’s the two buildings flanking the pile. One is a kindergarten some 20 feet away. The other, a 10-story hotel, stands behind the site. Neither was seriously damaged. Nor was the Beijie Primary School, a five-minute walk away. Beijie, however, is for the children of the elite. Xinjian was for poorer children.
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while violent events are natural, they only become disasters through human failure. These failures sometimes are charged to specific areas of study — engineering, architecture, hydrology, economics — or to related technological and logistical arenas, like transportation, emergency response, or building inspection services. But the real problem lies in the human application of ideas and practices within these areas. Hundreds more children could well be alive today if over time these applications had been managed rightly.
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So what went wrong? In a word, ethics.
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It’s probably safe to say that before a single floor collapsed at Xinjian or a single pillar buckled, there already had been an ethical collapse, a buckling of integrity. These moral failures are most visible in three ways:
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Negligence. In its tamest and subtlest form, moral failure begins with well-meaning managers and officials who are so beleaguered and overwhelmed that they neglect their obligations. When the tyranny of the immediate pushes the potentially devastating into the background, the polite phrase is deferred maintenance. In reality, what’s happening is the slow, impersonal, hardly visible assembly of a time bomb. The Xinjian Primary School apparently had a history of problems: Some years earlier one wing had been declared unsafe, torn down, and rebuilt. In hindsight, those in charge should have allocated more funds to reconstruction — and demanded results. If ethics is about fairness, neglecting Xinjian while building higher-quality schools nearby is profoundly unethical.
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Incompetence. If the negligent knew they were inviting disaster, they still might be vigilant. Incompetence, by contrast, is more dangerous, simply because those in charge usually know they lack the requisite knowledge and skill yet push forward anyway. Globally, a lot is known about designing safe schools in earthquake-prone areas and establishing standards for their construction. If laborers are hired despite not knowing how to implement those standards, that’s an irresponsible tolerance of incompetence — especially if the laborers are only there because they’re someone’s relative, neighbor, or loyal lackey. Find wholesale incompetence and you’ll also find the lack of another core ethical value, responsibility.
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Corruption. Neither negligence nor incompetence is necessarily unlawful, and each can be corrected by knowledge. Corruption, by contrast, is the worst kind of unethical behavior. It wallows in illegality, recognizes its own evil, and has no desire for correction. It can destroy even the most dutiful and competent organizations. Bribery, shakedowns, graft, and other pocket-lining ploys of the powerful — these unethical behaviors, according to the World Bank, cost the global economy more than $1 trillion annually. The parents in Dujiangyan had every reason to be suspicious that someone, somewhere, was paid off to build a substandard school — a towering dishonesty that no one could call ethical.
Ethics Newsline » Commentary » Humanity’s Worst Threat: Poor Decision Making
Tags: ethics, morality, decision-making, decision-theory, decision-analysis, future, prediction on 2008-06-25 -All Annotations (0) -About
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To chart public priorities among these and other global issues, we recently did a small pilot survey of members of the Institute for Global Ethics. Given our mission, we wanted to know which issues raised the greatest ethical challenges to our global future.
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we asked one of the report’s co-authors, Theodore J. Gordon, to join us for a follow-up conference call with our survey participants. Gordon, who was a founding board member of our Institute, conceived of the Millennium Project in the 1980s and remains one of the world’s most highly respected futurists. He’s been studying future issues and trends since well before 1971, when he founded his own consulting firm, The Futures Group. So we were eager to share with him our results.
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Of the nine topics in our survey, our respondents clustered three of them near the top: terrorism, CO2 emissions, and mass migration. They followed with a group of five more: corruption; violence against women; global slavery; disease, AIDS, and pandemics; and imbalanced wealth distribution. The ninth issue, shortage of medical professionals, came in well below the rest.
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I also sensed an unspoken question on everyone’s mind: “Ted, what do you think is the Big One?”
His answer surprised us all. In effect, he said, it’s none of the above. Then, in three key words, he nailed the concern we’d all been circling around. “If you look at all of these issues,” he said “and ask what’s common to them all, it’s lousy decision making.”
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“There used to be a time,” Gordon continued, “when I thought futures research, my field, would make its contribution by improving decision making. But I’ve abandoned that thought. We could have the best insight into what the future might be — through magic techniques not yet invented — and decisions would still be terrible!” Translation: It’s not the specific issues that challenge us, but the way we fail to deal with issues of every sort.
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Our leaders, Gordon emphasized, aren’t bad people. But “they don’t have a good grounding in decision making, because decision making is ad hoc.” As a result, today’s decisions often rely too much on the decision maker’s reputation or on undetermined psychological factors. Worse still, decisions even can rely on what he called “creating opportunities for the family” or on “what you had for breakfast.”
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But mostly they need the new, sharp instrumentality of twenty-first-century decision making. That instrumentality includes ethics — an ability to discern right from wrong, coupled with a way to frame our toughest problems as moral dilemmas that pit two right courses of action against each other. With that in place, nothing we face — terrorism, global warming, slavery, corruption, or the rest — will be beyond our ability to correct.
Ethics Newsline » Commentary » In Praise of Moral Nuance
Tags: ethics, morality, opinion on 2008-06-25 -All Annotations (0) -About
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Yet that very commonality poses a threat to ethical discourse. It can turn too easily into unwarranted certainty, smug self-confidence, and prickly assertiveness. The startling superficialities that pass for opinions on cable television and in today’s blogosphere remind us what happens when a culture of glib obduracy replaces a culture of reasoned questioning.
J. Budziszewski -- The Problem With Conservatism
Tags: social entrepreneurship, ethics, conservative, religion, politics on 2008-06-23 -All Annotations (0) -About
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Christians, of course, are not the only ones to have criticized mammonism. Warnings against the love of wealth were a staple even of ancient pagan conservatism. The idea was that virtue makes republics prosper, but prosperity leads to love of wealth, love of wealth leads to loss of virtue, and loss of virtue makes republics fall.
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A more temperate but still objectionable form of mammonism is found in Toward the Future, a "lay letter" published in 1984 by a committee of prominent Catholic conservatives. Jesus told the story of a master who entrusts his servants with the care of his money while he is traveling to a distant place to receive a kingship. Upon his return, he finds that one servant has buried his share while the other two have made investments. The timid servant he scolds and dismisses, but the bold ones he praises and rewards with yet greater responsibilities. Traditionally the Church has understood this parable to mean that just as a king in this world expects his agents to take risks, not burying his money but investing it to earn a return, so God expects his people to take risks, not burying their gifts but using them to build up the Kingdom of Heaven. By contrast, the lay letter understands it to mean simply that God expects his people to invest their money to earn a return. "Preserving capital is not enough," the authors teach; "it must be made to grow." The use of gifts for the sake of the Kingdom becomes the growth of wealth for the sake of wealth.
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even Adam Smith recognizes that the invisible hand does not work unless laborers and businessmen submit themselves to the restraints of justice, and that an interest in wealth alone will not induce them to do so. After all, if winning is all that matters, why keep the competition going at all? Why not use one's wealth to wring special privileges from the government and so become more wealthy still? Capitalism depends on a moral spirit which it cannot supply and may even weaken; it is, in the most exact of senses, a parasite on the faith. But a Christian parasite is not by that fact Christian.
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The eighth moral error of political conservatism is meritism. According to this notion I should do unto others as they deserve. With the addition of mammonism, matters become even simpler, for then those who need help are by definition undeserving, while those in a position to help are by definition deserving. That meritism is not a Christian doctrine comes as a surprise to many people. Large numbers think the meritist motto "God helps those who help themselves" is a quotation from the Bible. What the New Testament actually teaches is that in what we need most, we are helpless; the grace of God is an undeserved gift. According to Christianity I should do unto others not as they deserve, but as they need.
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What does the contrast between meritism and charity look like in ordinary human relationships? Consider the governmental policy of paying women cash prizes for bearing children out of wedlock. Liberals want to continue the policy because they cannot tell need from desire. Meritists propose ending it because the subsidies are undeserved. Although a Christian may accept the cutoff, he cannot accept it for the reason given. All of us at all times need and receive many things that we do not deserve. The problem with the subsidies is that they are not what is needed. They so completely split behavior from its natural consequences that they infantilize their supposed beneficiaries; to infantilize them is to debase them, and no one needs to be debased.
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After achieving the cutoff, the meritist thinks his work is done, but the Christian thinks his work has only begun. He must now find another way to offer help; and he had better be prepared to pay the price. For a portrait of that price, don't think of a bureaucrat, think of Mother Teresa.
Debunking Popper: A Critique of Karl Popper's Critical Rationalism, by Nicholas Dykes
Tags: popper, kant, ethics, definition, rationalism, critical-theory, criticism on 2008-05-11 -All Annotations (0) -About
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It is thus surprising to discover that Popper himself hardly lived
up to this ideal of non contradiction. When one examines Critical
Rationalism, for example, one soon notices that it is based on
questionable premises; that its internal logic is seriously flawed;
that it is inconsistent with other elements of Popper's thought;
and that it leads to conflicts with his own publicly stated
convictions.
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Popper refused to grant any philosophical value to
definitions: "Definitions do not play any very
important part in science.... Our 'scientific knowledge'...
remains entirely unaffected if we eliminate all definitions"
[OSE2 14]. "Definitions never give any factual knowledge about
'nature' or about the 'nature of things'"
[C&R 20-21]. "Definitions.... are never really needed, and
rarely of any use" [RASC xxxvi]. -
Popper built his philosophy on foundations borrowed from Hume and
Kant. His first premise was wholehearted acceptance of Hume's
attack on induction. The second, to be addressed in the next section,
was agreement with Kant's view that it is our ideas which give
form to reality, not reality which gives form to our ideas. -
Popper described himself as an "unorthodox Kantian" [UNQ
82]; i.e., he accepted part of Kant's epistemology, but not all
of it: "Kant was right that it is our intellect which imposes
its laws - its ideas, its rules - upon the inarticulate mass of our
'sensations' and thereby brings order to them. Where he was
wrong is that he did not see that we rarely succeed with our
imposition" [OKN 68n31; c.f. OKN 328, C&R 48-9]. -
Popper's Kantian premise raises enough issues for a book. In
this short paper, there is room only for a single objection. Namely,
if it is true that our senses are pre-programmed; if it is true that
"there is no sense organ in which anticipatory theories are
not genetically incorporated" [OKN 72]; then what flows
into our minds is determined and what flows out of them is
subjective. If our senses are not neutral, if they
organise incoming data using pre-set theories built into them by
evolution, then they do not provide us with unalloyed
information, but only with prescriptions, the
content of which is determined by our genetic make up. Whatever is
thereafter produced inside our heads - cut off as it is from any
objective contact with reality - must be subjective. -
Popper's Kantian premise thus deprives CR of universality.
Since it is ultimately the product of the pre-programmed
interpretation of the data which entered Popper's mind, CR is a
theory which can only be applied to Popper. According to his own view
of his contact with reality, he would not be able to verify the
relevance of CR to anybody else. -
In Unended Quest Popper observed bluntly that "there
is no such thing as an unprejudiced observation" [UNQ 51].
Although this appears to rule out the possibility of objectivity,
that was not Popper's intention. Rather, again following Kant
perhaps, he thought the basis for objectivity lay elsewhere:
"the objectivity of scientific statements lies in the
fact that they can be inter-subjectively tested" [LSCD
44]. He later restated this slightly differently: "it is the
public character of science... which preserves the objectivity of
science" [POH 155-6].
The Sources and Influence of the Kant-Friesian School
Tags: friesian, kant, hayek, popper, economics, ethics, adam.smith on 2008-05-11 -All Annotations (0) -About
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The chart shows the cascade of Friesian influence after the Neo-Friesian revival by Leonard Nelson, together with Kantian and Scottish formative influences for Jakob Fries and for the more peripheral figures. The "Scottish Philosophy" of Hume and Smith is indicated, both for the inspiration provided for Kant, who was awakened from his "dogmatic slumber" by Hume, but also for the enduring foundation of sound economics provided by Smith.
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Down the line, F.A. Hayek, C.G. Jung, and Mircea Eliade were probably unaware of the specifically Friesian influence on them.
Nelson inadvisedly repudiated Rudolf Otto's philosophy of religion. Nelson's students and their associates, Grete Henry-Hermann, Paul Bernays, Gustav Heckmann, Stephan Körner, etc., although heroically perpetuating his memory, editing and publishing the great Gesammelte Schriften [Felix Meiner Verlag, 1949-74], maintaining his Philosophisch- Politische Akademie, and pursuing Nelson's practice of Socratic Method, sometimes, seeking to accommodate themselves to trends in more recent, sceptical philosophy, abandoned fundamental Friesian principles, especially in repudiating the unique Friesian doctrine of non-intuitive immediate knowledge. Nelson himself foretold this:
On Popper’s Understanding of Whitehead
Tags: ethics, popper, whitehead, kant on 2008-05-11 -All Annotations (0) -About
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While John Locke’s admonition against the "blind precipitancy" of passion should always guide the serious philosopher, an excess of zeal may well be forgiven when it involves the kind of innocent fallout that inevitably accompanies genius -- as is the case with Karl Popper. Sir Karl’s The Open Society and Its Enemies has become by now a classic argument for rationalism, as eloquent a defense of scientific tolerance as most believers in the law of noncontradiction are likely to want. Some exegetes, however, may take exception to Popper’s interpretation of what he calls Whitehead’s "wander[ing] off to such questions as the (Platonic) collectivist theory of morality" (OSE 248). I propose to show that Popper leapt to this conclusion a bit too hastily; for the passage he quotes by way of illustration does not permit an unequivocal reading. The contrary interpretation that I suggest has the added advantage of consistency with a rather straightforward 1939 article by Whitehead entitled, quite simply, "An Appeal to Sanity," whose message leaves uncharacteristically little room for confusion.1
An honest proposal
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It’s easy to wax righteous after the fact. But often during the demands
of decision making, the options don’t seem so clear cut as they do once their
consequences are played out. The fact is, a lot of ethical questions in business
don’t start out with an obvious right-versus-wrong kind of choice. Many times,
ethical dilemmas seem to have valid arguments on both sides of the question.
Then what do you do?
Lessons on integrity in politics
Tags: integrity, ethics, politics, spirituality, law on 2008-04-26 -All Annotations (0) -About
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When you’re appointed to a position at higher levels of government,
the document that represents your commission opens with this statement: “Reposing
special trust in your integrity, prudence, ability, I do appoint you ...”—and
then goes on to describe the position to which one is appointed. -
My own integrity
was tested in the White House while I was Deputy Counsel to then-President
Nixon, and appointed to co-chair the “Plumbers,” a team tasked with discrediting
Dr. Daniel Ellsberg. He was an antiwar activist who released classified documents
about the US Vietnam War strategy to two major newspapers. We were also supposed
to track down any other “leaks” of classified documents. But in carrying out
our assignment, we broke the law. -
I chose to plead guilty and willingly accept any sentence the court would
impose because I felt I needed to do that in order to reestablish my own sense
of integrity. -
About 15 years ago, I began to think through what had led to the breakdown
in legal and ethical conduct while I was in government. And I realized those
words “Reposing special trust in your integrity” weren’t
always taken seriously. -
I began to examine what the idea of integrity really
signifies. The definition of the word derives from the root integer,
which means “whole.” An integer is a whole number. From this, I worked out
three questions I could ask to keep my bearings under pressure. -
The first question is primarily intellectual, or analytical: “Is it
[the proposed action] whole and complete?” -
The second question addresses the moral dimension to integrity, which
we often associate with honesty and uprightness. It asks: “Is it right?” -
The third question, fundamentally spiritual in nature, is this: “Is
it good?” -
I added this third question just a few years ago, because I felt
that integrity also means “perfection, an unimpaired state.” Since God is
good, this question really asks, “Is the proposed action Godlike?” Whenever
I’m under enormous pressure or the stakes are high, I’ve found that’s the
time to be still and to ask those three questions. And my experience has taught
me that when you can answer them affirmatively, you’re safe. -
I realized that it was important
to acknowledge the mistake I’d made, take responsibility for it, and pay the
legal consequences, so I could reestablish my innocence as I went forward. -
Mrs. Eddy made a very interesting observation where she asked, “If you
commit a crime, should you acknowledge to yourself that you are a criminal?”
And her answer was, “Yes.” I’ve learned in my study and practice of Christian
Science that to recognize a sin aids you in destroying it. I had to be clear
about the abuse of power that I’d engaged in, so I could honestly say, “That’s
not the kind of thought with which I want to be associated any longer.” Then
I had to take responsibility for it and be willing to pay the full legal consequences. -
To the extent that I’m clear in consciousness about that truth, then
the path unfolds before me. And that’s what actually happened. Within two
weeks of my pleading guilty, a good friend told me that one of the most respected
Seattle lawyers, William L. Dwyer, was willing to talk to me about representing
me in the attorney discipline process. When he took my case, he said we were
going to take “the long view.” We needed to find ways for me to make amends—to
show that I’d understood what went wrong and to take steps to correct it—and
that it could take years. -
it took us seven years from that moment until I was eventually
reinstated by the court to the practice of law. But it all came together because
of that farsighted, long-term view. -
Now some 30 years have passed. It’s not necessarily pleasant to bring
these events back into the public discourse. But to me, the lessons of Watergate
are still relevant because breakdowns in integrity and abuses of power are
so very much in the news these days. They still need healing in government,
in sports, in the professions—in just about any human activity. -
In many situations, the premium on winning is so high that it overrides
a person’s inner sense of what’s right and wrong. You get swept up in an almost
mesmeric state, and you can become so identified with a leader, or with a
group and its “groupthink,” that you lose your individual ability to see and
perceive what’s going on. -
There are also other threats to our integrity that
come in the form of vanity, or sometimes arrogance or hubris—“I can do anything!”
Or immaturity. But we all have within us, from God, the essential qualities
that keep us safe, such as humility and meekness. -
The challenges and the threats that come along may change. But to stay
absolutely anchored in what we know is right and good and constitutional is
a perennial lesson and a demand. The only requirement, as I see it, is for
each individual to stay tightly connected to his/her deepest sense of what
is right and what is good—to one’s own highest sense of integrity. -
After serving prison time, Bud Krogh spent five years teaching
graduate school and rebuilding his record of integrity. In 1980 he was readmitted
to the bar in Washington State. He currently practices law, teaches, and trains
others based on what he learned through his experiences.
Sean Stannard-Stockton | Tactical Philanthropy
Tags: business ethics, ethics, investment, philosophy, business, philanthropy on 2008-04-25 -All Annotations (0) -About
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Sean Stannard-Stockton is a principal and director of Tactical Philanthropy at Ensemble Capital Management in Burlingame, CA, midway between San Francisco and Silicon Valley. Ensemble Capital provides families both traditional investment management and a unique, specialized approach to advancing their philanthropic interests.
Defeating Global Poverty: Businesses focused on the world's poorest
Tags: social entrepreneurship, poverty, ethics, bop on 2008-04-24 -All Annotations (0) -About
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Now, I know that some people are concerned that these businesses will end up earning profits from these poor families and they feel this is morally wrong. I ask though what a better alternative is? For I think it is at least as morally wrong for us to withhold (or delay) the benefits of opportunity for these families in the name of protecting them from potential abuse.
Defeating Global Poverty: Critiquing microfinance, Part II
Tags: social entrepreneurship, social-investment, ethics, micro-finance, microfinance on 2008-04-24 -All Annotations (0) -About
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if you'd like to get a deeper understanding of the Compartamos IPO, there is an excellent case study written by Richard Rosenberg and published by CGAP (Consultative Group to Assist the Poor ... part of the World Bank) called CGAP Reflections on the Compartamos IPO.
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- Here are a few [of the many!] facts surrounding the Compartamos IPO:
- Compartamos didn't issue any new shares as this was a secondary offering. Rather, certain shareholders sold their holdings on the Mexican stock exchange.
- At the IPO, more than 2/3's of the shares of Compartamos were held by NGO shareholders who were (and are) committed to reducing poverty.
- $275M or about 5/8ths of the IPO sale proceeds went to NGOs to reinvest in their missions and the rest (about $150M) went to private shareholders.
- The IPO made public (and realized in the case of the stock sellers) the investor returns which had accumulated while the company was private. That is, while there likely was some upward bump due to market conditions in the value of the shares through the IPO process, most of the investor returns were not related to the IPO itself.
- At the IPO, the market valuation of Compartamos was approximately $1.5B which represents a roughly 100% per year compounded return for investors over 8 years.
- The interest rates charged by Compartamos in terms of yield in 2005 was 86.3% (when you add required VAT, the rate to borrowers is about 100%.)
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Supporters (and even CGAP) say that this is going to result in a lot more private capital being directed to the poor resulting in a broader variety and higher-euality financial services being delivered to the poor.
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Critics highlight the high interest rates as gouging the poor and the amount of profits pocketed by private investors (although somewhat reduced in this situation) as being exploitive. And most everyone agrees that optically high profits in serving the poor could be used by populist politicians to argue for regulations on microfinance which could reduce the availability of financial services to the poor.
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The interest rates charged by other Compartamos are about the mid-range range for what MFIs charge in Mexico and there isn't much difference between the high and low rates.
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Of the interest earned by Compartamos, about 25% of it is profit. That is, they would make no profit if their interest rate was ~65%. [Note: when I asked the CEO of Mexican MFI competitor why they didn't charge a lower interest rate than Compartamos, he said that this would only put them at the disadvantage in their ability to fund growth of client reach. That is, they would grow more slowly serving fewer poor clients.]
Edge: BREAKING THE GALILEAN SPELL By Stuart A. Kauffman
Tags: ethics, religion, secularism, science, enlightenment on 2008-04-23 and saved by4 people -All Annotations (0) -About
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Dr. Kauffman
is also an emeritus professor of biochemistry at the University of
Pennsylvania, a MacArthur Fellow and an external professor at the
Santa Fe Institute. He is
the author of The Origins of Order, At
Home in the Universe: The Search for the Laws of Self-Organization, Investigations and Reinventing the Sacred: A New View of Science, Reason, and Religion (Basic Books, forthcoming, May 5th). -
The fourth injury is that all of us, whether we are secular or of faith, lack a global ethic. In part this is a result of the split, fostered by reductionism, between the world of fact and the world of values. We lack a shared worldwide framework of values that spans our traditions and our responsibilities to all of life, one another, and the planet. Secular humanists believe in fairness and the love of family and friends, and we place our faith in democracy. Our diverse religions have their diverse beliefs. But in the industrialized world all of us are largely reduced to consumers.
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If we are members of a universe in which emergence and ceaseless creativity abound, if we take that creativity as a sense of God we can share, the resulting sense of the sacredness of all of life and the planet can help orient our lives beyond the consumerism and commodification the industrialized world now lives, heal the split between reason and faith, heal the split between science and the humanities, heal the want of spirituality, heal the wound derived from the false reductionist belief that we live in a world of fact without values, and help us jointly build a global ethic. These are what is at stake in finding a new scientific worldview that enables us to reinvent the sacred.
Religion is ‘the new social evil’ - Times Literary Supplement
An unsophisticated analysis that reflects public opinion. There is a failure to acknowledge that subjectivism is a more serious threat to tolerance than is religion. If there is no objective standard ("my opinion is as good as yours"), then there is no reason (beyond civility) not to force one's moral opinions on others.
Tags: moral realism, ethics, religion, society, tolerance, subjectivism on 2008-04-21 -All Annotations (0) -About
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A CHARITY set up by an ardent Christian to fight slavery and the opium trade
has identified a new social evil of the 21st century - religion. -
Pollsters asked 3,500 people what they considered to be the worst blights on
modern society, updating a list drawn up by Rowntree, a Quaker, 104 years
ago. -
The researchers found that the
“dominant opinion” was that religion was a “social evil”. -
Many participants said religion divided society, fuelled intolerance and
spawned “irrational” educational and other policies.
One said: “Faith in supernatural phenomena inspires hatred and prejudice
throughout the world, and is commonly used as justification for persecution
of women, gays and people who do not have faith.” -
The findings contrast with Rowntree’s “scourges of humanity”, which included
poverty, war, slavery, intemperance, the opium trade, impurity and gambling.
Poverty and drugs remain, but are joined by issues such as family breakdown,
young people’s behaviour and fears over immigration. -
Terry Sanderson, president of the National Secular Society, said he
was “extremely pleased”.
“Britain has had it with religion,” he said. -
If one is tolerant and accepting, seeking truth, then one looses one's religion.
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in my part of the world the "spoiled, consumerist, every-person-for-themselves types that typefy our society" are usually religious people dealing with strangers outside of church.
In Web World of 24/7 Stress, Writers Blog Till They Drop - New York Times
Tags: stress, 24_7, blogging, ethics, work, propaganda on 2008-04-19 and saved by2 people -All Annotations (0) -About
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A growing work force of home-office laborers and entrepreneurs, armed with computers and smartphones and wired to the hilt, are toiling under great physical and emotional stress created by the around-the-clock Internet economy that demands a constant stream of news and comment.
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Of course, the bloggers can work elsewhere, and they profess a love of the nonstop action and perhaps the chance to create a global media outlet without a major up-front investment. At the same time, some are starting to wonder if something has gone very wrong. In the last few months, two among their ranks have died suddenly.
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It is unclear how many people blog for pay, but there are surely several thousand and maybe even tens of thousands.
The emergence of this class of information worker has paralleled the development of the online economy. Publishing has expanded to the Internet, and advertising has followed.
Even at established companies, the Internet has changed the nature of work, allowing people to set up virtual offices and work from anywhere at any time. That flexibility has a downside, in that workers are always a click away from the burdens of the office. For obsessive information workers, that can mean never leaving the house.
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There are growing legions of online chroniclers, reporting on and reflecting about sports, politics, business, celebrities and every other conceivable niche. Some write for fun, but thousands write for Web publishers — as employees or as contractors — or have started their own online media outlets with profit in mind.
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One of the most competitive categories is blogs about technology developments and news. They are in a vicious 24-hour competition to break company news, reveal new products and expose corporate gaffes.
To the victor go the ego points, and, potentially, the advertising. Bloggers for such sites are often paid for each post, though some are paid based on how many people read their material. They build that audience through scoops or volume or both.
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Speed can be of the essence. If a blogger is beaten by a millisecond, someone else’s post on the subject will bring in the audience, the links and the bigger share of the ad revenue.
“There’s no time ever — including when you’re sleeping — when you’re not worried about missing a story,” Mr. Arrington said.
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Mr. Lam said he has worried his blogging staff might be burning out, and he urges them to take breaks, even vacations. But he said they face tremendous pressure — external, internal and financial. He said the evolution of the “pay-per-click” economy has put the emphasis on reader traffic and financial return, not journalism.
Jerusalem banned by politically correct clergy - Telegraph
Tags: ethics, religion, political_correctness, enlightenment, blake, poetry on 2008-04-13 -All Annotations (0) -About
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The pseudo-scholarly clergy don't like that line because they deny the Glastonbury legend about Jesus coming to England with Joseph of Arimathea. This shows a numbskull literal-mindedness.
When I preach the Resurrection on Easter Day, I try to evoke the Lord's appearances around Galilee, and on the walk to Emmaus, as if they had happened in my beloved Yorkshire Dales.
Blake didn't think Jesus came to England, either. He was a poet and his lines are the stuff of imaginative allusion. But imagination is a bit beyond the reach of the polite mechanicals among the modern clergy.
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Christians in England are redeemed by Christ, as surely as the first disciples were redeemed by him in Galilee. Blake's magnificent poem is a way of bringing this home to us, building the truth of the experience into our hearts and minds by using homely, national imagery.
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What the modern clergy can't stand is the powerful evocation of England. When they see the word "England" they don't hear the music of ancient Albion. They see patriotism and national pride, which to them are the next worse things to fascism and expansionary imperialism.
But, as Chesterton said, if a man won't love his country, it is difficult to believe he loves anything. Blake's hymn was a prelude to Milton, and he knew that Paradise Lost, the Fall of Man, happens down the Old Kent Road as definitely as anywhere else.
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Odd, the trendy clergy's preference for abstractions and internationalism when it was abstracted international communism under Stalin and Mao which slaughtered millions more even than the über-nationalists in the Third Reich.
There is nothing abstract or theoretical about Blake's hymn. He wasn't writing a report for the General Synod. As a poet of genius, he knew that the way to convey spiritual realities is to incarnate them in things: swords, chariots, clouded hills, mountains green.
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Now, at last, we are getting close to understanding this sour prejudice against Jerusalem among so many clergy. For Blake is attacking them - those who, though they promised at ordination to challenge the follies of the age, actually aid and encourage them.
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If Blake could hear for five minutes these people banging on about their true preoccupations, the follies of the age - anti-racism, gender egalitarianism, compliance, the foreign aid industry and the paranoid fantasy of global warming - he would sing all the more loudly against this lot: "Bring me my bow… bring me my arrows… bring me my sword…"


