Dan Moore's Public Library

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purpose of philosophy was to attain the happy, tranquil life, characterized by aponia, the absence of pain and fear, and by living a self-sufficient life surrounded by friends

pleasure and pain are the measures of what is good and bad

turned back and invaded (452) N Italy but abandoned his plan to take Rome itself

Leaving Hungary with an army of perhaps half a million Huns and allies, Attila invaded Gaul but was defeated (451) by Aetius at Maurica

If the militarism becomes too dominant, the society can easily destroy itself completely, depleting both its material and its spiritual resources

A barbaric society is nearly always militaristic: here a man is primarily a fighter, a soldier; the best thing for a man to do is to make war

chose (471) Theodoric the Great as king

Ostrogoths were subject to the Huns until the death (453) of Attila , when they settled in Pannonia (roughly modern Hungary) as allies of the Byzantine (East Roman) empire

Attila , their greatest king, had his palace in Hungary

crossed the Danube, penetrated deep into the Eastern Empire, and forced (432) Emperor Theodosius to pay them tribute

Hunnic Empire which stretched from Germany to the Ural River and from the Danube River to the Baltic Sea (see map below)

Supplementing their wealth by plundering wealthy Roman cities to the south, the Huns maintained the loyalties of a diverse number of tributary tribes

Attila's Huns incorporated groups of unrelated tributary peoples. In Europe, Alans, Gepids, Scirii, Rugians, Sarmatians, Slavs and Gothic tribes all united under the Hun family military elite

1.1% (Atheism and Agnosticism are illegal)

Suicide is, according to Sartre, an opportunity to stake out our understanding of our essence as individuals in a godless world For the existentialists, suicide was not a choice shaped mainly by moral considerations but by concerns about the individual as the sole source of meaning in a meaningless universe

The two stories' tolerant vision of the complex social and psychological reasons for adopting being-for-others as one's dominant modality contrasts with Sartre's rigorous critique of reliance on being-for-others as a form of bad faith in Being and Nothingness.

We should like to show here that the ego is neither formally nor materially in consciousness: it is outside, in the world.  It is a being of the world, like the ego of another

No more is needed in the way of a philosophical foundation for an ethics and a politics which are absolutely positive

Bataille defines inner experience by opposition to traditional mysticism; the sacred that is revealed is not tied to the attainment of transcendence but results instead from the exercise of the critical faculties, through the infinite questioning of thought and language. To counter this, Sartre will have to prove that Bataille is a "real" mystic, not simply a "devout Christian" but a Christian "ashamed" of being a Christian

The entire second part of Sartre's essay, which concentrates on the examination of this "form," will be to demonstrate the essentially perverse and noxious character of Inner Experience. As heir to the Enlightenment, and on his way toward Marxism, Sartre reproaches Bataille for having God survive his own death, and for inventing, by way of a detour through a critical approach pushed to its limits, a new form of religion, independent of dogma, rites of worship, and a church, and all the more impossible to exorcise since it is based, as in Kierkegaard, on lived experience--in the sense in which German phenomenology uses the term Erlebnis [see 189].

Being-in-itself

being-for-itself

seeks to describe or posit the basic categories and relationships of being or existence to define entities and types of entities within its framework

the study of being or existence and forms the basic subject matter of metaphysics

the "Knight of faith" and contrasts him with the "knight of infinite resignation". The latter gives up everything in return for the infinite, that which he may receive after this life, and continuously dwells with the pain of his loss

The former, however, not only relinquishes everything, but also trusts that he will receive it all back, his trust based on the "strength of the absurd"