lit_review - Nicole Muth on Diigo

28 Oct 09

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Perry's resources on funding, technology, and strategic planning

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strategic_planning funding technology_plans dissertation lit_review

18 Sep 09

Grunwald Survey: Acknowledgements

survey of school technology spending and trends.

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lit_review dissertation

10 Sep 09

THE DELPHI METHOD

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delphi lit_review

objective of most Delphi applications is the reliable and creative exploration
of ideas or the production of suitable information for decision making
The objective of most Delphi applications is the reliable and creative
exploration of ideas or the production of suitable information for decision
making
16 more annotations...
- collecting and distilling knowledge from a group of experts by means of a series
  of questionnaires interspersed with controlled opinion feedback
- device among a group of experts and thus facilitates the formation of a group
  judgement
- Delphi method has been developed in order to make discussion between experts
  possible without permitting a certain social interactive behavior as happens
  during a normal group discussion and hampers opinion forming
- The Delphi method has been widely used to generate forecasts in technology,
  education, and other fields
- The Delphi method recognizes human judgement as legitimate and useful inputs in
  generating forecasts. Single experts sometimes suffer biases; group meetings
  suffer from "follow the leader" tendencies and reluctance to abandon previously
  stated opinions (Gatewood and Gatewood, 1983, Fowles, 1978). In order to
  overcome these shortcomings the basic notion of the Delphi method, theoretical
  assumptions and methodological procedures developed in the 1950s and 1960s at
  the RAND Corporation. Forecasts about various aspect of the future are often
  derived through the collation of expert judgement. Dalkey and Helmer developed
  the method for the collection of judgement for such studies (Gordon and Hayward,
  1968).
- education areas (Adler and Ziglio, 1996; Cornish, 1977).
- It comprises a series of questionnaires sent either by mail or via computerized
  systems, to a pre-selected group of experts. These questionnaires are designed
  to elicit and develop individual responses to the problems posed and to enable
  the experts to refine their views as the group’s work progresses in accordance
  with the assigned task. The main point behind the Delphi method is to overcome
  the disadvantages of conventional committee action
- anonymity, controlled feedback, and statistical response characterize Delphi.
  The group interaction in Delphi is anonymous, in the sense that comments,
  forecasts, and the like are not identified as to their originator but are
  presented to the group in such a way as to suppress any identification.
- Clearly, these characteristics may offer distinct advantages over the
  conventional face-to-face conference as a communication tool. The interactions
  among panel members are controlled by a panel director or monitor who filters
  out material not related to the purpose of the group (Martino, 1978). The usual
  problems of group dynamics are thus completely bypassed.
- the most important issue in this process is the understanding of the aim of the
  Delphi exercise by all participants
- The minimum number of participants to ensure a good group performance is
  somewhat dependent on the study design. Experiments by Brockhoff (1975) suggest
  that under ideal circumstances, groups as small as four can perform well
- questions need to be asked before making the decision of selecting or ruling out
  the Delphi technique
- What kind of group communication process is desirable in order to explore
  the problem at hand?
  Who are the people with expertise on the problem and where are they located?
  
  What are the alternative techniques available and what results can
  reasonably be expected from their application?
- Armstrong (1978) who has written critically of its accuracy.
- the Delphi method is useful in answering one, specific, single-dimension
  question. There is less support for its use to determine complex forecasts
  concerning multiple factors. Such complex model building is more appropriate for
  quantitative models with Delphi results serving as inputs
- The need for the cross impact matrix method of forecasting integrated with the
  Delphi method is pointed out by many researchers

21 Jul 09

Top News - Hard times push Catholic schools toward crisis

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lit_review

In the suburbs and the South and Southwest, the problem is reversed, with many
Catholic schools not having enough seats for their growing communities
Another demographic shift affecting enrollment is a trend toward smaller
families, which translates to fewer students

30 Apr 09

CoSN Small District Technology Leadership Wiki - CoSNWiki

wiki about funding challenges and case studies of successful models for small districts and schools.

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dissertation lit_review 1to1

23 Apr 09

Education Sector: Analysis and Perspectives: Todd Oppenheimer's The Flickering Mind

from Partnership for 21st skills

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lit_review dissertation

most popular (and expensive) school reforms of the past twenty years: The
massive effort to put computers and technology in the nation's classrooms
math class, graphing equations using computers. The computers enable the
students to work faster and plot more graphs and tackle more problems in class
as a result. These are ostensibly exactly the sort of enhancements that
proponents of technology seek. But, before they get to work, Oppenheimer reports
that it takes the teacher 20 minutes of valuable class time just to get all the
students ready to use their computers for the lesson.
3 more annotations...
- frustration of teachers who have computers and other gizmos dropped in their
  classrooms and are unable to use them, get support or service and ultimately end
  up frustrated with what amounts to overpriced paperweights cluttering up their
  space
- when everything is working like it should the internet is too often merely a
  data dump of information some valuable, some incomplete, some biased or
  misleading, and some flat out wrong
- active and informed consumption. He worries that the passive nature of the
  internet experience for many students, and the reliance on technology rather
  than teaching that often comes with it, is dulling these skills if imparting
  them at all.

Economic Stimulus : PrometheanUntitled Document

Research on Promethean boards, student response systems, etc. Increase in achievement

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lit_review dissertation research

18 Apr 09

uw-madison writing center writer's handbook

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lit_review dissertation

13 Apr 09

State Educational Technology Directors Association (SETDA) - 2009 National Trends Report

Setda report on trends in tech integration K-12 2009

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research technology trends report education dissertation lit_review

09 Apr 09

Offsite Link from ECS

2009 NCLB report on Title IID - Enhancing Education Through Technology (EETT)

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title_funds lit_review dissertation

Investing in K-12 Technology Equipment: Strategies for Policymakers

July 2001

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lit_review dissertation

Offsite Link from ECS

Investing in school tech; Strategies to meet the funding challenge 1997

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lit_review dissertation

03 Apr 09

Chapter 2: Finance, Technology in Schools: Suggestions, Tools, and Guidelines for Assessing Technology in Elementary and Secondary Education

tech in schools - finance - NCES

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lit_review dissertation

How does your school district compare in technology expenditures with others in
your state
Expenditures for
instructional software as a percentage of total technology expenditures
13 more annotations...
- Expenditures for
  maintenance and support as a percentage of total technology expenditures
- Expenditures for
  instruction-related professional development as a percentage of total technology
  expenditures.
- Technology planners and administrators may want to refer to the relevant chapter
  for the development of further budgetary indicators
- measurement units are ratios, such as expenditures as a percentage of amount
  budgeted, or amount spent per student, per teacher, or per building. Raw numbers
  are not interpretable without context, and creating uniform indicators such as
  those below allow data to be compared
- Expenditures as a
  percentage of the amount originally budgeted.
- Classifying expenditure indicators as capital or consumable is complicated by
  the fact that coding thresholds differ widely from one state to another, and
  sometimes even within states. (See the sidebar to the right on differing
  thresholds
- Schools can also compare their expenditures to those of other schools in their
  district, regardless of school size, or they can choose comparable schools in
  other districts in their state.
- Average expenditures
  for connectivity per student, per building.
- Average expenditures
  for instructional equipment per student, per teacher, per building
- Average expenditures
  for infrastructure upgrades per student, per building.
- Average expenditures
  for instructional professional development per student, per computer, per
  building.
- Probably the most important aspect of tracking equipment costs is the
  replacement cycle that the indicators below cover. (Coding would most likely not
  differentiate between replacing obsolete equipment and purchasing new
  equipment.) It may be helpful for technology planners and finance professionals
  to keep in mind that the generally accepted life cycle of equipment is about
  five years in education versus two to three years in business, though different
  schools and programs may have shorter cycles (for instance, laptops will have
  shorter replacement cycles than desktop machines).
- a replacement cycle may not apply to some indicators that this key question
  includes, such as leasing equipment and server space.

Chapter 3

Cost of tech rich schools - 1994-5

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lit_review dissertation

Study: Hempfield Area School District lags in technology - Pittsburgh Tribune-Review

one school district spends on tech per student compared to other in the area; list of things which need to be done to stay current.

www.pittsburghlive.com/...s_617616.html - Preview

dissertation lit_review

Hempfield spends $66 per student compared with $161 per student for Gateway
School District in Monroeville. Other school districts in the state that are
similar in size to Hempfield, which has more than 6,600 students, spend even
more, according to the report.

The Central Dauphin School District in Harrisburg will spend nearly $11
million during the next three years, an average of $309 per student. By
contrast, Hempfield will spend $2 million during the same time period. The
Millcreek Township School District near Erie will spend $120 per student on
technology during the next three years.
It would be incorrect or misleading to say we only spend $66 per student on
technology. We spend considerably more than that
2 more annotations...
- new social studies curriculum, the software "was very expensive." The
  curriculum for the secondary schools cost $420,000.
  
  "It would push spending to $100 per student
- Hempfield has no long-term strategy for funding future technology
  requirements.
  
  • The district's Web site "is lacking when compared to neighboring
  districts."
  
  • Teachers' access to computers is too restrictive. Pepperweed found that
  policies do not allow use of computers for personal and professional reasons.
  Teachers are expected to use personal computers for school-related tasks.
  
  • The district has difficulty recruiting and retaining technology staff.
  
  • Part of the curriculum, especially in elementary schools, is not being
  fully used because of technological problems.
  
  "We need to develop a strategic plan to cover five to 10 years, to implement
  the recommendations to make additional investments, and how to meld it with
  curriculum," Abraham said.
  
  Weber said the age of the system means the district's technology team "is
  just putting out fires."
  
  He said last year administrators learned that the district's anti-virus
  system was slowing down the server, but they didn't discover that until the new
  school year started.
  
  "We should have discovered that a lot sooner," Weber said. "We need to move
  from a school mentality to a business mentality."

State ranks 47th in money generated, spent per pupil | NewsOK.com

amount spent per student public school 2005-6

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lit_review dissertation

States spent an average of about $9,100 per student in public school in the
2006 fiscal year, according to the report. Oklahoma spent just short of $7,000.
Both figures are up slightly from the 2005 fiscal year.
That year, the U.S. average expenditure was about $8,700, and the amount
Oklahoma spent per student was about $6,600.

US Census Press Releases

2003-4 amount spent per student public schools

www.census.gov/...006685.html - Preview

lit_review dissertation

U.S. public school districts spent an average of $8,287 per student in 2004, up
from the previous year’s total of $8,019. In all, public elementary and
secondary education received $462.7 billion from federal, state and local
sources in 2004, up 5.1 percent from 2003.

02 Apr 09

Many High School Technology Plan

objectives for funding for tech plan

www.sabine.k12.la.us/...techplan.htm - Preview

funding lit_review

OBJECTIVE 4: EFFECTIVE USE OF TECHNOLOGY FUNDING AND RESOURCES

Many High School will encourage the efficient use of funds and resources in a
manner, which ensures that all schools and students have access to technologies
that improve student competencies.

A. Strategies

A.1. Encourage school/business partnerships and matching fund programs.

a) Brief local agencies, businesses, and community groups of the need for
business education cooperation and public funding for technology.

1) WalMart matching funds

2) Chamber of Commerce orientations

3) Vo-Tech/High School cooperation

4) Business partnerships

b) Survey businesses to determine each one’s willingness and possible methods
of contributing funds and/or other technology support

A.2. Develop a funding schedule for the technology infrastructure:
maintenance support upgrading, expansion and addition of new technologies.

a) Develop an inventory of technology equipment in the business department
and individual classrooms, updated yearly.

b) Identify specific technologies that will need to be purchased.

c) Follow district standards for purchasing new equipment and the upgrading
of current equipment.

KEY TASKS	RESPONSIBLE PARTIES	FUNDING SOURCE	TIME LINES
Develop and implement technology plan for consolidated funding to provide technology infrastructure with costs and resource requirements.	School Technology Committee		1998-99 Ongoing
Identify specific technologies that will need to be purchased.	School Technology Committee		1998-99 Ongoing
Develop standards for purchasing new equipment and the upgrading of current equipment.	School Technology Committee		1998-99 Ongoing
Update and revise inventory of technology equipment in business department and individual classrooms.	Classroom Teachers		Ongoing
Brief local agencies, businesses, and community groups of the need for business/education cooperation.	School Technology Committee		1998-99
Survey businesses to determine willingness and possible methods of contributing support	School Technology Committee		1998-99 Ongoing

Survey says students don't think their schools' tech is current

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lit_review dissertation

Speak Up survey will focus specifically on K-12 students’ opinions on the
impacts of the current education stimulus funding. The most recent survey
reveals the disconnect in opinions between students, parents and principals:

-39% of high schoolers think their school is doing a good job preparing them
for jobs of the future.

-Only 32% of parents believe this.

-56% of school principals think their school is doing a good job.

30 Mar 09

Innovative Budgeting--National Education Technology Plan

www.ed.gov/...edlite-budgeting.html - Preview

funding dissertation lit_review

two bond propositions passed by the community, the district was able to fund the
technology for this project.

Nicole Muth's Library tagged lit_review → View Popular

MobileMe

Grunwald Survey: Acknowledgements

THE DELPHI METHOD

Top News - Hard times push Catholic schools toward crisis

CoSN Small District Technology Leadership Wiki - CoSNWiki

Education Sector: Analysis and Perspectives: Todd Oppenheimer's The Flickering Mind

Economic Stimulus : PrometheanUntitled Document

uw-madison writing center writer's handbook

State Educational Technology Directors Association (SETDA) - 2009 National Trends Report

Offsite Link from ECS

Investing in K-12 Technology Equipment: Strategies for Policymakers

Offsite Link from ECS

Chapter 2: Finance, Technology in Schools: Suggestions, Tools, and Guidelines for Assessing Technology in Elementary and Secondary Education

Chapter 3

Study: Hempfield Area School District lags in technology - Pittsburgh Tribune-Review

State ranks 47th in money generated, spent per pupil | NewsOK.com

US Census Press Releases

Many High School Technology Plan

Survey says students don't think their schools' tech is current

Innovative Budgeting--National Education Technology Plan

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