cognition

14 Aug 09

11 Aug 09

Consciousness and Cognition##

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cognition science dreams

23 Jul 09

NSF Project Summary and Description

affect.media.mit.edu/...nsf1.html - Preview

nsf mit media labs project learning cognition auto tutor

They are model-based reasoners/thinkers (e.g., they do recursion, diagnostic
reasoning, cognitive assessment, cognitive appraisal). To provide for the
development of SMET (science, math, engineering, technology) learners, teachers
and mentors who are re flective of the educational system�s pedagogy must not
model directive teaching, which develops rule-based thinkers, but they should
model how to learn
Everyone understands that the methods of importance in education are those of
teaching�these courses supply what is thought to be needed to become a skilled
teacher. But what about methods of learning?
12 more annotations...
- The Children�s Machine
- Those of us who work in science, math, engineering, and technology (SMET) as
  professions know that learning naturally involves failure and a host of
  associated affective responses. Yet, educators of SMET learners have rarely
  illuminated these natural concomitants of the learning experience. The
  unfortunate result is that when students see that they are not getting the facts
  right (on quizzes, exams, etc.), then they tend to believe that they are either
  "not good at this, " "can�t do it," or that they are simply "stupid" when it
  comes to these subj ects. What we fail to teach them is that all these feelings
  associated with various levels of failure are normal parts of learning, and that
  they can be actually be helpful signals for how to learn better.
- will have succeeded if students, especially those who encounter frustration and
  routinely handle it by quitting, learn instead how to p ersevere, increasing
  their ability and desire to engage in self-propelled learning.
- Lepper and Chabay [1988] i
- Matsubara and Nagamashi [1996] employed questionnaires in the beginning of
  interactions "to diagnose several factors influencing motivation, such as:
  Achievement Motive, Creativity, Sensation Seeking Scale, Extroversion-Int
  roversion, Work Importance and Centrality, Least Preferred Co-worker and Locus
  of Control"
- Self-report tools can also include special buttons and sliders. del Soldato
  [1994] theorized about the use of special buttons and on-screen �sliders� in the
  design of the MORE system. Keller�s [1987a] ARCS model, which is rooted in a
  number of m otivational theories and concepts, (see Keller, 1983) most notably
  expectancy-value theory (e.g. Vroom, 1964; Porter and Lawler, 1968), identifies
  four components that appear to affect motivation to learn: attention, relevance,
  confidence, satisfaction ( hence, ARCS). Creatively combining the work of the
  aforementioned authors, an "interface could easily be implemented with
  mechanisms that would allow the student to report his/her subjective reading of
  these factors. For example, each of these facto rs could be represented by a
  slider, which could be manipulated by the student"
- Hioe and Campbell [1988] "assisted managers in finding which problems were
  affecting employee performance
- Improved handling of emotion in speech is important for improving recognition of
  what was said, as well as how it was said. Facial expression
  recognition is easier for people, and the rates computers obtain are higher: fro
  m 80-98% accuracy when recognizing 5-7 classes of emotional expression on groups
  of 8-32 people [Yacoob and Davis, 1996; Essa 1997].
- Paul Ekman's Facial Action Coding System, which can be combined to describe all
  facial expressions [Ekman, 1977
- facial phonemes
- "expression glasses," which discriminate upwar d facial expressions such as
  those of interest and openness from downward expressions such as those of
  confusion or dissatisfaction [Scheirer et al. 1999], and a physiological
  monitoring system that senses four signals from the surface of the skin and
  relates these to eight emotional states (subject-dependent) with over 81%
  classification accuracy [Vyzas and Picard, 1999
- Our goal is to transform how children learn, what they learn, who
  they learn from.
  
  Mitchel Resnick, A Media Lab for Kids

14 Jul 09

07 Jul 09

United States Patent: 7186116

patft.uspto.gov/...nph-Parser - Preview

memory cognition learning training ADHD

Cognitive Medical Systems AB (Stockholm, SE)
presenting a first task of a first difficulty level to the user on presentation
means; making a delay of a predetermined time, during which delay the task is
not visible or audible, and during which delay it is not possible to enter an
answer into the computer, changing the difficulty level of a subsequent task to
be presented to the user, in accordance with predetermined adaptation rules and
based on said evaluation, such that the difficulty level of the subsequent task
is adapted to the capacity of the user; and presenting subsequent tasks adapted
to the capacity of the user in accordance with the steps above until a
predetermined time limit is exceeded or until a predetermined number of tasks
has been performed, a user of the computer program within the system can perform
training and improve his/her working memory capacity.
5 more annotations...
- Training the Spatial Part of the Working Memory.
- A first task of a first difficulty level is presented, wherein lightened squares
  P1, P2 appear one at a time in a three by three grid 41. Advantageously, the
  grid may also, constitute a four by four grid, but for the sake of clarity just
  nine squares are shown. 212. A delay of e.g. 5 seconds appears 212. 213. Then
  the user may indicate the positions of the earlier lightened, but now turned of,
  squares i1, i2 in the same order as they were lightened 213 by means of the
  computer mouse 104 acting on a pointer 35. This will provide the input of data
  into the computer 110 corresponding to the user's answer regarding the first
  task of the first level. The computer 110 evaluates the input data to establish
  if the answer is correct or not.
- verbal part of the working memory is trained e.g. in the letter-span task
  provided by the computer program run on the computer
- Letters F, G, A are read aloud by the loud speaker 108 one at a time. The user
  should remember the identity and the order of the letters
- series of said shown objects are read aloud via the loud speaker 108 e.g. the
  three objects. E. g. the loud speaker speaks out "bicycle" P1, "star" P2,
  "airplane" P3. 403 After the series of objects is heard, the user shall mark the
  objects, but in the reverse order,

23 Jun 09

Forbes.com - Magazine Article

www.forbes.com/...innovation-research_print.html - Preview

innovation education cognition learning engineering phd science

It is no mystery that science and engineering encourage left-brain activity;
logical, rational, analytical, pattern-seeking, solution-solving, sorting,
organizing. Innovation, however, requires the attributes of the humanities found
in right-brain thinking; creativity, artistry, intuition, symbology, fantasy,
emotions.
An educational system (infrastructure in today's parlance) that merges
humanities and sciences, creating whole-brain scientists and engineers, yields
more than just innovation but more flexible individuals who are able to adapt to
unanticipated changes in the economy and technology. They can take their
technical skills on tangents to innovate in new areas.
3 more annotations...
- History is replete with examples of whole brain thinkers, sometimes termed
  "Renaissance" men or women, innovators, builders or creators. Generally, by
  their very rarity, they are the exceptions. There is no magic to produce more of
  such. It's easy to see why the existing system encourages the opposite.
- The demand for (often narrowly defined) research results, the need for myriad
  compliance mechanisms, and the gravitational pull toward meeting (narrow)
  program goals that will, if successful, yield follow-on funding, act together to
  create a closed system within which there is little time or attention for
  ancillary pursuits, especially idle exploration. This process can yield
  excellent researchers, but does nothing to form--and unintentionally
  suppresses--whole-brain thinkers. Perhaps worse yet, the process actively
  discourages whole-brainers from even applying.
- Change must start with grade and high schools avoiding bifurcating students,
  either implicitly or explicitly into "math-and-no-art" and "art-and-no-math"
  tracks. For graduate programs, the critical solution is to offer alternative
  programs that echo the whole brain experience of undergraduates. Perhaps art,
  literature or music portfolios become part of the science and engineering
  application processes.

06 Jun 09

Department of Psychology / Princeton University /

ial Cognition and Person Perception\nThe primary focus of research in our lab is on the cognitive and neural mechanisms of person perception with a particular emphasis on the social dimensions of face perception. Research on face perception intersects a number of different research areas - social psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and neuropsychology - and the approach in our lab is multidisciplinary. We use a variety of methods from behavioral and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) experiments to eye tracking, and computer and statistical modeling. The span of our research ranges from the social consequences of rapid, initial person impressions to the basic neural mechanisms underlying such impressions.\nPUBLICATIONS CURRICULUM VITAE \n\n \n

weblamp.princeton.edu/...index.php - Preview

swarna dnld cognition cognitive psychology research

05 Jun 09

Brains and minds: science in the clear | open Democracy News Analysis

www.opendemocracy.net/...and-minds-science-in-the-clear - Preview

speech cognition brain mind

Now it is tempting to think that when we talk about thoughts and feelings we are
somehow reporting on the mental world: speech is the medium of philosophers, and
seems to transcend the technology of science. Yet our speech is just another
kind of brain scan, translating certain neural blips into sound. So, why should
a philosopher be happy to study speech activity patterns yet contemptuous of the
potentially much more informative patterns seen in brain scans? The puzzle of
minds and brains only deepens when we realise that we have been decoding brain
scans since the beginning of human history.

19 May 09

Findings - Message in What We Buy, but Nobody's Listening - NYTimes.com

Why does a diploma from Harvard cost $100,000 more than a similar piece of paper from City College? Why might a BMW cost $25,000 more than a Subaru WRX with equally fast acceleration? Why do "sophisticated" consumers demand 16-gigabyte iPhones and "fair trade" coffee from Starbucks?

www.nytimes.com/...19tier.html - Preview

evolution retail shopping cocnsumer behaviour cognition

Edge: SEXUAL SELECTION AND THE MIND

Geoffrey Miller is known for his research which focuses on evolutionary psychology and sexual selection. In this regard, his work is in the tradition of scientists such as Richard Dawkins, Daniel C. Dennett, and Steven Pinker. In support of his views on sexual selection, his published academic papers, conference talks, and colloquia, range across the areas of visual perception, cognition, learning, robotics, neural networks, genetic algorithms, human mate choice, evolutionary game theory, and the origins of language, music, culture, intelligence, ideology, and consciousness.\n\nMiller believes that our minds evolved not as survival machines, but as courtship mach

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psychology cognition mind evolution selection

07 May 09

Stanislas Dehaene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dehaene\n

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numerical cognition BFQ

02 May 09

The Mouse and The Rectangle | Dustin Curtis

Almost a hundred years later, the neurologist V.S. Ramachandran performed an experiment on mice that took Pavlov's research further. He took a mouse and placed two shap

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behavior cognition expt

23 Apr 09

Attention and awareness in stage magic: turning tricks into research : Article : Nature Reviews Neuroscience

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magicians magic cognition neuroscience brain mind research cognitive science print

Just as vision scientists study visual art and illusions to
elucidate the workings of the visual system, so too can cognitive scientists
study cognitive illusions to elucidate the underpinnings of cognition. Magic
shows are a manifestation of accomplished magic performers' deep intuition for
and understanding of human attention and awareness. By studying magicians and
their techniques, neuroscientists can learn powerful methods to manipulate
attention and awareness in the laboratory. Such methods could be exploited to
directly study the behavioural and neural basis of consciousness itself, for
instance through the use of brain imaging and other neural recording
techniques.

22 Apr 09

In
Pictures: 10 Geniuses And What Made Them Great

Have a great, or horrible, family

Picasso, Mozart, Beethoven, Einstein and Goethe are popular geniuses whose
parents were interested in their creative lives. Mozart and Beethoven both had
fathers who were professional musicians and they were taught by them during
childhood to play instruments. Can you guess what Picasso's dad did? Yes, he was
a painter, and he spent many hours with young Pablo.
Even if you believe geniuses exist, there's little consensus on what being a
genius means. Some experts say genius is the capacity for greatness. Others
believe it's that you've accomplished great things.
8 more annotations...
- Beethoven's dad was cruel, torturing him during practice sessions. Unlike many
  child prodigies who burn out at adolescence, Beethoven kept his passion for
  music. Leonardo da Vinci barely knew his father.
- Isaac Newton was also born to a single-parent home and hated his stepfather.
  From that broken relationship may have come the seed of unrest that fueled his
  independent life and ideas.
- Show me a genius and I'll show you a workaholic. Van Gogh produced 2,000 works
  of art between 1880 and 1890 (or 1,100 paintings and 900 sketches). That's four
  works of art a week for a decade. He didn't even get started until age 25.
- Da Vinci's journals represent one clear fact: Work was the center of his life.
  He had neither a spouse nor children. Picasso was a machine, churning out 12,000
  works of art. He said, "Give me a museum and I'll fill it" and made good on that
  boast. Shakespeare wrote more than 40 plays, plus dozens of sonnets, poems and,
  of course, grocery lists.
- Malcolm Gladwell, in his book Outliers
  contends that the key to any success is 10,000 hours of practice.
- For all their brilliance, most geniuses did not live well-adjusted lives.
  Picasso, Van Gogh, Edison, Einstein and Nietzsche (and most major modern
  philosophers) were often miserable. Many never married or married often,
  abandoned children and fought depression.
- Kafka and Proust were both hypochondriacs, spending years in bed or in
  hospitals for medical conditions, some of which were psychological. Voltaire,
  Thoreau and Socrates all lived in exile or poverty, and these conditions
  contributed to the works they're famous for.
  
  Happily positive emotions can work as fuel, too. John Coltrane, C.S. Lewis
  and Einstein had deeply held, and mostly positive, spiritual beliefs that fueled
  their work.
- But the real lesson is that all emotions, positive or negative, provide fuel for
  work and geniuses are better at converting their emotions into work than more
  ordinary people

Jonah Lehrer

www.jonahlehrer.com/articles - Preview

jonah lehrer articles mind cognition cognitive science magazine article reference links

Annals of Science: The Eureka Hunt: Reporting & Essays: The New Yorker

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insight creativity cognition cognitive science

Swarna Srinivasan's Library tagged cognition → View Popular

ACM Creativity & Cognition 2009

Consciousness and Cognition##

NSF Project Summary and Description

UCI Cognitive Science Experiments

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.36.7273

Learning & Cognition Science Fair Projects & Experiments

United States Patent: 7186116

Forbes.com - Magazine Article

Department of Psychology / Princeton University /

Brains and minds: science in the clear | open Democracy News Analysis

Findings - Message in What We Buy, but Nobody's Listening - NYTimes.com

Edge: SEXUAL SELECTION AND THE MIND

Stanislas Dehaene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Mouse and The Rectangle | Dustin Curtis

Attention and awareness in stage magic: turning tricks into research : Article : Nature Reviews Neuroscience

Eggheads - The Boston Globe

Freud is Dead

How To Be A Genius - Forbes.com

Jonah Lehrer

Annals of Science: The Eureka Hunt: Reporting & Essays: The New Yorker

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