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A Templeton Conversation: This is the sixth in a series of conversations among leading scientists, scholars, and public figures about the "Big Questions."
in list: Neuroethics
psychopaths and various trolley experiments are giving us new insight into the emotional mess of moral decision-making.
in list: Neuroethics
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Psychopathic patients show severe deficits in responding adequately to other people's emotion.
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The results emphasize that although psychopathic patients show no deficits in reasoning about other people's emotion if an explicit evaluation is demanded, they use divergent neural processing strategies that are related to more rational, outcome-oriented processes.
The New York Times Book Review - New York Times
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“we are born with abstract rules or principles, with nurture entering the picture to set the parameters and guide us toward the acquisition of particular moral systems.”
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Many of the experiments Hauser tells us about are intended to delimit stages in child development.
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we can't derive specific rules for conduct from the structure of our DNA
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What that biology gives us is a set of very general principles on the basis of which we are able to develop one system of moral beliefs or another.
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Darwinian explanation of morality, contending that moral behavior emerges from a natural process of competition among human groups.
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The core of the book is an attempt at a Darwinian explanation of morality, contending that moral behavior emerges from a natural process of competition among human groups.
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Human beings “have the ability, under special circumstances, to shut down our petty selves and become like cells in a larger body, or like bees in a hive, working for the good of the group,” an ability that “facilitates altruism, heroism, war, and genocide.”
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a strong, emotionally-laden sense of basic fairness, resentment of cheaters, and a desire that they be punished
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what reasons the person had for making it—for thinking it to be true
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I discovered that Quine understood the problem with the claims about a priori truths and necessary truths more generally. Analyzing a concept can (perhaps) tell you what the concept means (at least means to some philosophers), but it does not tell you anything about whether the concept is true of anything in the world. But many philosophers in the second half of the 20th century really seemed to think that they were laying the foundations for science by laying down the conceptual (necessary) truths. I asked one: show me one example where 20th century conceptual analysis laid a foundational plank for any empirical science — any empirical science. No answer.
in list: Neuroethics
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emotion and reason both play critical roles in moral judgment
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a "dual-process" theory of moral judgment according to which characteristically deontological moral judgments (judgments associated with concerns for "rights" and "duties") are driven by automatic emotional responses, while characteristically utilitarian or consequentialist moral judgments (judgments aimed at promoting the "greater good") are driven by more controlled cognitive processes
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"moral reasoning involves a complex integration between affective and cognitive processes that gradually changes with a person's age."
in list: Neuroethics
"In an article published in Science on 18 May 2007 (volume 316, pp. 998-1002) Haidt goes over his research on the different moral conceptions of people who consider themselves politically conservative or progressive. In particular, he identifies five types of moral concerns, and asks people of various political ideologies how they rank each of the types of concern when it comes to exercising moral judgment."
in list: Neuroethics
"Why are so many Americans reluctant to join the party? As a social psychologist I believe that one major reason is that some people are thinking about this national event using the same moral intuitions they'd use for a standard criminal case. For example, they ask us to imagine whether it would be appropriate for two parents to celebrate the execution, by lethal injection, of the man who murdered their daughter. "
in list: Neuroethics
"In a flabbergasting editorial published in the New York Times after the news of bin Laden’s death came out, Haidt once more begins with interesting science — a mix of (as we shall see, a bit sloppy) evolutionary biology and sociology — and ends up into moral philosophical territory, where he predictably blunders."
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Morality: Religious Education Curriculum strand
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