Home
Rudy Garns's Library tagged → View Popular, Search in Google
New insight into the psychopathic brain
in list: Neuroethics
-
Koenigs primarily studies brain injuries, particularly those in the VMPFC, where the brain is believed to regulate emotion, process threats, guide decision-making and direct social behavior. Damage to this segment, located just behind the forehead in the frontal lobes, tends to make patients more aggressive, irritable and less sensitive to others.
-
scientists don't know if the VMPFC is failing to regulate the amygdala or if the amygdala is failing to send crucial emotional feedback to the VMPFC.
- 2 more annotation(s)...
Raine’s talk was part of a panel titled “Nature, Nurture, and Antisocial Behavior: Biological and Biosocial Research on Crime.” His research indicates that psychopaths who are criminal offenders lacking fear, remorse and guilt may show neurological evidence of their differences early in life.
in list: Neuroethics
-
they found that poor fear conditioning in 3-year-olds increased their odds of becoming a criminal offender by the age of 23.
-
Adults with cavum septum pellucidum—a neurological condition that reflects underdevelopment of the emotion limbic system before the first six months of life—have higher rates of psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, arrests and convictions.
- 2 more annotation(s)...
In his studies on empathy, Decety shows subjects video clips of intentional and unintentional harm and measure responses in their brain circuits, particularly the insula, amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex. A similar approach will be used in the psychopath study, to be conducted in New Mexico prison facilities, where he will work with Kent Kiehl, Professor of Translational Neuroscience at the University of New Mexico.
in list: Neuroethics
As words can be the soul's window, scientists are learning to peer through it: Computerized text analysis shows that psychopathic killers make identifiable word choices -- beyond conscious control -- when talking about their crimes.
in list: Neuroethics
-
The words of psychopathic murderers match their personalities, which reflect selfishness, detachment from their crimes and emotional flatness
-
Psychopaths used more conjunctions like "because," "since" or "so that," implying that the crime "had to be done" to obtain a particular goal. They used twice as many words relating to physical needs, such as food, sex or money, while non-psychopaths used more words about social needs, including family, religion and spirituality. Unveiling their predatory nature in their own description, the psychopaths often included details of what they had to eat on the day of their crime.
psychopathy is a distinct neuro-developmental sub-group of anti-social personality disorder
in list: Neuroethics
-
psychopathy is a distinct neuro-developmental sub-group of anti-social personality disorder
-
Approximately half of male prisoners in England and Wales will meet diagnostic criteria for ASPD. The majority of such men are not true psychopaths (ASPD-P). They are characterised by emotional instability, impulsivity and high levels of mood and anxiety disorders. They typically use aggression in a reactive way in response to a perceived threat or sense of frustration.
- 4 more annotation(s)...
-
how the brain stores and retrieves future intentions during occupied delays
-
patterns of activity in human prefrontal cortex (PFC) can reveal our current intentions
a specific role for this region in integrating the outcomes of two or more separate cognitive operations in the pursuit of a higher behavioural goal.
Over the years, various scientists have studied and argued about the exact location and degree of damage to Gage's cerebral cortex and the impact it had on his personality. Now, for the first time, researchers at UCLA, using brain-imaging data that was lost to science for a decade, have broadened the examination of Gage to look at the damage to the white matter "pathways" that connect various regions of the brain.
-
the destruction of much of his left frontal lobe
-
the researchers used modern-day brain images of males that matched Gage's age and (right) handedness, then used software to position a composite of these 110 images into Gage's virtual skull, the assumption being that Gage's anatomy would have been similar.
- 1 more annotation(s)...
The extent of that revolution is hotly debated, but the influence of what some call neurolaw is clearly growing. Neuroscientific evidence has persuaded jurors to sentence defendants to life imprisonment rather than to death; courts have also admitted brain-imaging evidence during criminal trials to support claims that defendants like John W. Hinckley Jr., who tried to assassinate President Reagan, are insane. Carter Snead, a law professor at Notre Dame, drafted a staff working paper on the impact of neuroscientific evidence in criminal law for President Bush's Council on Bioethics.
in list: Neuroethics
Drug addiction reflects abnormal operation of normal neural circuitry. More than physical dependence, addiction represents changes in the brain that lead to increased craving and diminished capacity for the control of impulses. Given the growing biological understanding of addiction, it is critical for scientists to play an active role in drug policy because, as neuroscientific understanding develops, we will, to a much greater degree, be able to target specific behavioral, pharmaceutical, and neurological treatments for specific addictions. It is important to emphasize that biological explanations will not become equivalent to exculpation. Instead, the goal of explanation is to introduce rational sentencing and the opportunity for customized rehabilitation. This approach is likely to show more utility and less cost than incarceration. The neuroscientific community should continue to develop rehabilitative strategies so that the legal community can take advantage of those strategies for a rational, customized approach to drug addiction.
in list: Neuroethics
legal cases involving brain damage crop up increasingly often. As we develop better technologies for probing the brain, we detect more problems, and link them more easily to aberrant behavior.
in list: Neuroethics
Our understanding of the way the brain works could help us create a better legal system, says neuroscientist David Eagleman. - Telegraph
in list: Neuroethics
Selected Tags
Related Tags
Top Contributors
Groups interested in brain
-
Aggregate
Items: 26 | Visits: 54
Created by: Andrew Graff
-
Androids, Zombies and Brains
A collection of bookmarks fo...
Items: 122 | Visits: 68
Created by: Rudy Garns
-
Brain Break
Items: 15 | Visits: 93
Created by: sergio g
Diigo is about better ways to research, share and collaborate on information. Learn more »
Join Diigo