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Recent research in neuroscience following on from the pioneering work of Benjamin Libet seems to point to the disconcerting conclusion that free will is an illusion. Adina Roskies of Dartmouth College is not convinced that this conclusion follows. In this episode of the Philosophy Bites podcast she explains to David Edmonds why the conclusion that free will is an illusion is far stronger than the evidence warrants.
Adina Roskies on Neuroscience and Free Will - podcast - http://t.co/06c9AfD7
in list: Neuroethics
Daniel Dennett on consciousness and free will. (Radio.) Via Leiter. http://t.co/aLAtH4xX #philosophy
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a strong, emotionally-laden sense of basic fairness, resentment of cheaters, and a desire that they be punished
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what reasons the person had for making it—for thinking it to be true
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"Metaethics is the attempt to understand the metaphysical, epistemological, semantic, and psychological, presuppositions and commitments of moral thought, talk, and practice."
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step back from particular substantive debates
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reflecting on the presuppositions and commitments of those engaging in moral thought, talk, and practice and so abstracting away from particular moral judgments.
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the significance of cultural inheritance
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vertical transmission—the inheritance of parental traits by offspring
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The nature of species is controversial in biology and philosophy. Biologists disagree on the definition of the term 'species.' Philosophers disagree over the ontological status of species. A proper understanding of species is important for a number of reasons. Species are the fundamental taxonomic units of biological classification. Environmental laws are framed in terms of species. Even our conception of human nature is affected by our understanding of species. In this entry, three philosophical issues concerning species are discussed. The first is the ontological status of species. The second is whether biologists should be species pluralists or species monists. The third is whether the theoretical term 'species' refers to a real category in nature.
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This entry discusses three philosophical issues concerning species. The first issue is their ontological status. Are species natural kinds, individuals, or sets? The second issue concerns species pluralism. Monists argue that biologists should attempt to find the correct definition of ‘species.’ Pluralists disagree. They argue that there is no single correct definition of ‘species’ but a plurality of equally correct definitions. The third issue concerns the reality of species. Does the term ‘species’ refer to a real category in nature? Or, as some philosophers and biologists argue, is the term ‘species’ a theoretically empty designation?
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Species are also units of evolution
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all human beings, regardless of their political affiliation, do (or at least can) belong to a single community, and that this community should be cultivated.
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Socrates, too, it can be argued, was sensitive to this more cosmopolitan identification with human beings as such
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