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Defensin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Defensins are small cysteine-rich cationic proteins found in both vertebrates and invertebrates. They are active against bacteria, fungi and many enveloped and nonenveloped viruses. They consist of 18-45 amino acids including six (in vertebrates) to 8 conserved cysteine residues. Cells of the immune system contain these peptides to assist in killing phagocytized bacteria, for example in neutrophil granulocytes and almost all epithelial cells. Most defensins function by binding to microbial cell membrane, and once embedded, forming pore-like membrane defects that allow efflux of essential ions and nutrients
The Heart Scan Blog: Small LDL: Perfect index of carbohydrate intake
"Measuring the number of small LDL particles is the best index of carbohydrate intake I know of, better than even blood sugar and triglycerides.
In other words, increase carbohydrate intake and small LDL particles increase. Decrease carbohydrates and small LDL particles decrease.
Why?
Carbohydrates increase small LDL via a multistep process:
First step: Increased fatty acid and apoprotein B production in the liver, which leads to increased VLDL production. (Apoprotein B is the principal protein of VLDL and LDL)
Second step: Greater VLDL availability causes triglyceride-rich VLDL to interact with other particles, namely LDL and HDL, enriching them in triglycerides (via the action of cholesteryl-ester transfer protein, or CETP). Much VLDL is converted to LDL.
Third step: Triglyceride-rich LDL is "remodeled" by enzymes like hepatic lipase, which create small LDL"
Phytase activity in the human and rat small intestine.
Phytase activity in the human and rat small intestine.
Iqbal TH, Lewis KO, Cooper BT.
Gut. 1994 Sep;35(9):1233-6.
PMID: 7959229
Dietary Mono- and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Similarly Affect LDL Size in Healthy Men and Women -- Kratz et al. 132 (4): 715 -- Journal of Nutrition
Dietary Mono- and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Similarly Affect LDL Size in Healthy Men and Women -- Kratz et al. 132 (4): 715 -- Journal of Nutrition
Dietary mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids similarly affect LDL size in healthy men and women.
Kratz M, Gülbahçe E, von Eckardstein A, Cullen P, Cignarella A, Assmann G, Wahrburg U.
J Nutr. 2002 Apr;132(4):715-8.
PMID: 11925466
In conclusion, our data indicate that dietary unsaturated fat similarly reduces LDL size relative to saturated fat. However, the small magnitude of this reduction also suggests that the composition of dietary fat is not a major factor affecting LDL size.
Animal Pharm: 'Death Band' = sdLDL on Lipoprotein Subfractionation
Subfractionation of Lipoproteins 101
Let's review some subfractionation techniques. On the market 3 main methods exist. They all work. Dr. Davis highly prefers NMR for its subtleties, scope, and particle counts. Superko and Krauss are affiliated with Berkeley HeartLab which uses GGE (BHL). Density gradient ultracentrifugation is very popular among our members (VAP-II and VAP). Recently, Krauss appears to be introducing a new technology based on ion-mobility.
Basically, the denser the particle, the faster and more mobile the particle moves through a gel (GGE). The denser the particle, the smaller the diameter (Angstroms or nanometers) as determined via electromagnetic resonance (NMR) or absorbance via density ultracentrifugation (VAP, which are indirectly compared to known sizes).
Separate effects of reduced carbohydrate intake and weight loss on atherogenic dyslipidemia -- Krauss et al. 83 (5): 1025 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Separate effects of reduced carbohydrate intake and weight loss on atherogenic dyslipidemia -- Krauss et al. 83 (5): 1025 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Changes in peak LDL diameter (Table 2) and mass concentrations of LDL subfractions (Table 3) induced by each of the diets were reflected by changes in the proportions of subjects exhibiting LDL subclass pattern B (Figure 2). There were linear reductions in the prevalence of pattern B as a function of reduced carbohydrate intake after both the stable-weight and weight-loss periods. However, the slopes of these relations differed (P = 0.04) such that the magnitude of the reduction in expression of pattern B induced by weight loss increased in association with the percentage of carbohydrate intake.
Conclusions: Moderate carbohydrate restriction and weight loss provide equivalent but nonadditive approaches to improving atherogenic dyslipidemia. Moreover, beneficial lipid changes resulting from a reduced carbohydrate intake were not significant after weight loss.
Separate effects of reduced carbohydrate intake and weight loss on atherogenic dyslipidemia.
Krauss RM, Blanche PJ, Rawlings RS, Fernstrom HS, Williams PT.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 May;83(5):1025-31; quiz 1205. Erratum in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Sep;84(3):668.
PMID: 16685042
Modification of Lipoproteins by Very Low-Carbohydrate Diets -- Volek et al. 135 (6): 1339 -- Journal of Nutrition
Modification of lipoproteins by very low-carbohydrate diets.
Volek JS, Sharman MJ, Forsythe CE.
J Nutr. 2005 Jun;135(6):1339-42. Review.
PMID: 15930434
A Ketogenic Diet Favorably Affects Serum Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease in Normal-Weight Men -- Sharman et al. 132 (7): 1879 -- Journal of Nutrition
The results suggest that a short-term ketogenic diet does not have a deleterious effect on CVD risk profile and may improve the lipid disorders characteristic of atherogenic dyslipidemia.
A ketogenic diet favorably affects serum biomarkers for cardiovascular disease in normal-weight men.
Sharman MJ, Kraemer WJ, Love DM, Avery NG, Gómez AL, Scheett TP, Volek JS.
J Nutr. 2002 Jul;132(7):1879-85.
PMID: 12097663
Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and lipoprotein response to a reduced-fat diet in men -- Dreon et al. 8 (1): 121 -- The FASEB Journal (free full text PDF available)
Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and lipoprotein response to a reduced-fat diet in men.\nDreon DM, Fernstrom HA, Miller B, Krauss RM.\nFASEB J. 1994 Jan;8(1):121-6.\nPMID: 8299884
Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and risk of myocardial infarction.[JAMA. 1988] - PubMed Result
The LDL subclass pattern characterized by a preponderance of small, dense LDL particles was significantly associated with a threefold increased risk of myocardial infarction, independent of age, sex, and relative weight. Plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased, and levels of triglyceride, very low-density lipoproteins, and intermediate-density lipoproteins were increased in subjects with this LDL subclass pattern. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that both high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels contributed to the risk associated with the small, dense LDL subclass pattern. Thus, the metabolic trait responsible for this LDL subclass pattern results in a set of interrelated lipoprotein changes that lead to increased risk of coronary heart disease.
:
Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and risk of myocardial infarction.
Austin MA, Breslow JL, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Willett WC, Krauss RM.
JAMA. 1988 Oct 7;260(13):1917-21.
PMID: 3418853
Small, dense low-density lipoprotein as a risk factor for coronary heart disease - ..[Int J Clin Lab Res. 1994] - PubMed Result
Small, dense low-density lipoprotein as a risk factor for coronary heart disease.
Austin MA.
Int J Clin Lab Res. 1994;24(4):187-92. Review.
PMID: 7894041
Small, Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Particles as a Predictor of the Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease in Men: Prospective Results From the Quebec Cardiovascular Study -- Lamarche et al. 95 (1): 69 -- Circulation
Conclusions These results represent the first prospective evidence suggesting that the presence of small, dense LDL particles may be associated with an increased risk of subsequently developing IHD in men. Results also suggest that the risk attributed to small LDL particles may be partly independent of the concomitant variation in plasma lipoprotein-lipid concentrations.
Small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles as a predictor of the risk of ischemic heart disease in men. Prospective results from the Québec Cardiovascular Study.
Lamarche B, Tchernof A, Moorjani S, Cantin B, Dagenais GR, Lupien PJ, Després JP.
Circulation. 1997 Jan 7;95(1):69-75.
PMID: 8994419
Buying the Best Netbooks for the Least-Bad Compromises (NYTimes.com)
A netbook is a laptop with a shrunken screen, an undersize keyboard and a processor that's so slow, you'd have laughed at it in 2007. The netbooks' crucial attractions are tiny dimensions, light weight and low cost, usually $350 to $500. Otherwise, they're all about compromises.
The Heart Scan Blog: What your doctor doesn't know about heart disease
What causes coronary heart disease or coronary atherosclerotic plaque, this thing that we track with heart scans?
Well, here are a few little-publicized facts about heart disease that you are unlikely to hear from your When's-the-next-stent? cardiologist or the What is there besides statins? primary care doctor.
(Since everybody knows that smoking is a modifiable risk for heart disease that can be readily identified, let's focus on the blood tests that reveal heart disease causes.)
Targeted therapy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Targeted therapy is a type of medication which blocks the growth of cancer cells by interfering with specific targeted molecules needed for carcinogenesis and tumor growth, rather than by simply interfering with rapidly dividing cells. Targeted cancer the
BrianStocker.org » Web2 and Social Bookmarking for Small Business sites
With the release of statistics of the incredible growth of Web2 and Social Bookmarking, it is easy to lose sight of the fact that many people still don’t know what Social Bookmarking is, much less how to use it to increase traffic to their websites.
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