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Coconut kernel protein modifies the effect of coconut oil on serum lipids.
Padmakumaran Nair KG, Rajamohan T, Kurup PA.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1999;53(2):133-44.
PMID: 10472790
DOI: 10.1023/A:1008078103299

Feeding coconut kernel along with coconut oil in human volunteers has been found to reduce serum total and LDL cholesterol when compared to feeding coconut oil alone. This effect of the kernel was also observed in rats. Since many plant proteins have been reported to exert a cholesterol lowering effect, a study was carried out on the effect of isolated kernel protein in rats. Feeding kernel protein resulted in lower levels of cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides in the serum and most tissues when compared to casein fed animals. Rats fed kernel protein had (1) increased hepatic degradation of cholesterol to bile acids, (2) increased hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis, and (3) decreased esterification of free cholesterol. In the intestine, however, cholesterogenesis was decreased. The kernel protein also caused decreased lipogenesis in the liver and intestine. This beneficial effect of the kernel protein is attributed to its very low lysine/arginine ratio 2.13% lysine and 24.5% arginine....

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1999 study research in_vivo animal_study rats coconut kernel coconut_kernel protein coconut_oil oil lipids lipid_profile lysine:arginine ratio nutrition lysine arginine triglycerides medline

Beneficial effects of virgin coconut oil on lipid parameters and in vitro LDL oxidation.
Nevin KG, Rajamohan T.
Clin Biochem. 2004 Sep;37(9):830-5.
PMID: 15329324
doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2004.04.010

Conclusion: The results demonstrated the potential beneficiary effect of virgin coconut oil in lowering lipid levels in serum and tissues and LDL oxidation by physiological oxidants. This property of VCO may be attributed to the biologically active polyphenol components present in the oil

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2004 September study researh in_vivo animal_study rats in_vitro virgin coconut oil coconut_oil cholesterol LDL oxidation LDL_oxidation HDL polyphenols nutrition medline triglycerides lipid_profile lipids

Tissue phylloquinone and menaquinones in rats are affected by age and gender.
Huber AM, Davidson KW, O'Brien-Morse ME, Sadowski JA.
J Nutr. 1999 May;129(5):1039-44.
PMID: 10222397

The results suggest that in extrahepatic tissues, certain menaquinones may be the predominant form of vitamin K. The specific tissue distribution and the general decline of MK-4 and MK-6 in extrahepatic tissues during aging suggest a vitamin K tissue dynamic that is affected not only by diet, but also by gender, age and the specific roles of phylloquinone, MK-4 and MK-6 in metabolism. All of these factors must be taken into account in establishing the nutrient requirement for vitamin K.

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1999 May jn study research in_vivo animal_study rats tissue vitamin_K vitamin_K1 phylloquinone vitamin_K2 menaquinone MK-4 MK-6 levels gender age nutrition medline

Conversion of dietary phylloquinone to tissue menaquinone-4 in rats is not dependent on gut bacteria.
Davidson RT, Foley AL, Engelke JA, Suttie JW.
J Nutr. 1998 Feb;128(2):220-3.
PMID: 9446847

These data offer conclusive proof that the tissue-specific formation of MK-4 from K is a metabolic transformation that does not require bacterial transformation to menadione as an intermediate in the process

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1988 February jn study research in_vivo animal_study rats vitamin_K dietary phylloquinone vitamin_K1 conversion vitamin_K2 menaquinone-4 mk-4 menaquinone nutrition medline

Chronic toxicity of dichloroacetate: possible relation to thiamine deficiency in rats.
Stacpoole PW, Harwood HJ Jr, Cameron DF, Curry SH, Samuelson DA, Cornwell PE, Sauberlich HE.
Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1990 Feb;14(2):327-37.
PMID: 2318357

We conclude that stimulation by DCA of thiamine-requiring enzymes may lead to depletion of total body thiamine stores and to both a fall in transketolase activity and an increase in oxalate accumulation in vivo. DCA neurotoxicity may thus be due, at least in part, to thiamine deficiency and may be preventable with thiamine treatm

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1990 February study research in_vivo animal_study rats dichloroacetate DCA chronic toxicity neurotoxicity neuropathy peripheral vitamin_B1 deficiency cancer medline

Effect of vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) in fermented soybean (natto) on bone loss in ovariectomized rats.
Yamaguchi M, Taguchi H, Gao YH, Igarashi A, Tsukamoto Y.
J Bone Miner Metab. 1999;17(1):23-9.
PMID: 10084398

This study demonstrates that the intake of dietary MK-7 has a preventive effect on bone loss caused by OVX. This effect may be partly caused by MK-4, which is formed by degradation of MK-7.

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1999 February study research in_vivo animal_study rats vitamin_K vitamin_K2 menaquinone MK-4 MK-7 bone natto nutriton medline degradation conversion osteoporosis

Developmental toxicity evaluation of berberine in rats and mice.
Jahnke GD, Price CJ, Marr MC, Myers CB, George JD.
Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2006 Jun;77(3):195-206.
PMID: 16634078
DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20075

BACKGROUND: Berberine, a plant alkaloid, is found in some herbal teas and health-related products. It is a component of goldenseal, an herbal supplement. Berberine chloride dihydrate (BCD) was evaluated for developmental toxicity in rats and mice.
METHODS: Berberine chloride dihydrate was administered in the feed to timed-mated Sprague-Dawley (CD) rats (0, 3625, 7250, or 14,500 ppm; on gestational days [GD] 6-20), and Swiss Albino (CD-1) mice (0, 3500, 5250, or 7000 ppm; on GD 6-17). Ingested doses were 0, 282, 531, and 1313 mg/kg/day (rats) and 0, 569, 841, and 1155 mg/kg/day (mice).
RESULTS:There were no maternal deaths. The rat maternal lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL), based on reduced maternal weight gain, was 7250 ppm. The rat developmental toxicity LOAEL, based on reduced fetal body weight per litter, was 14,500 ppm. In the mouse study, equivocal maternal and developmental toxicity LOAELs were 5250 ppm. Due to scattering of feed in the high dose groups, a gavage study at 1000 mg/kg/day was conducted in both species.
CONCLUSIONS: In rats, maternal, but not fetal adverse effects were noted. The maternal toxicity LOAEL remained at 7250 ppm (531 mg/kg/day) based on the feed study and the developmental toxicity NOAEL was raised to 1000 mg/kg/day BCD based on the gavage study. In the mouse, 33% of the treated females died. Surviving animals had increased relative water intake, and average fetal body weight per litter decreased 5-6% with no change in live litter size. The maternal toxicity LOAEL remained at 5250 ppm (841 mg/kg/day) BCD, based on increased water consumption. The developmental toxicity LOAEL was raised to 1000 mg/kg/day BCD based on decreased fetal body weight.

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2006 June study research in_vivo animal_study rats mice berberine developmental toxicity evaluation pregnamcy development birth_defects herb herbs nutrition safety medline

Prevention of skeletal muscle insulin resistance by dietary cod protein in high fat-fed rats.
Lavigne C, Tremblay F, Asselin G, Jacques H, Marette A.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Jul;281(1):E62-71.
PMID: 11404223

These data demonstrate that feeding cod protein prevents obesity-induced muscle insulin resistance in high fat-fed obese rats at least in part through a direct action of amino acids on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells.

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2001 July ajpendo study research in_vivo animal_study rats fish cod protein cod_protein fish_protein nutrition keletal muscle insulin resistance insulin_resistance prevention high-fat diet high-fat_diet amino_acids type_2 diabetes obesity medline

Phytase activity in the human and rat small intestine.
Iqbal TH, Lewis KO, Cooper BT.
Gut. 1994 Sep;35(9):1233-6.
PMID: 7959229

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1994 September study research human humans rat rats small intestine phytase activity grains nutrition medline

Natural inhalation exposure to coal smoke and wood smoke induces lung cancer in mice and rats.
Liang CK, Quan NY, Cao SR, He XZ, Ma F.
Biomed Environ Sci. 1988 Jun;1(1):42-50.
PMID: 3268107

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1988 June study research in_vivo animal_study mice rats inhalation coal wood burning smoke lun cancer lun_cancer medline

Improved cholecalciferol nutrition in rats is noncalcemic, suppresses parathyroid hormone and increases responsiveness to 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.
Vieth R, Milojevic S, Peltekova V.
J Nutr. 2000 Mar;130(3):578-84.
PMID: 10702588

We conclude suppression of 1,25(OH)(2)D and PTH, and higher renal VDR mRNA and 24-hydroxylase did not involve higher free 1,25(OH)(2)D concentration or a first pass effect at the gut. Thus, 25(OH)D or a metabolite other than 1,25(OH)(2)D is a physiological, transcriptionally and biochemically active, noncalcemic vitamin D metabolite.

When viewed from a perspective that starts with higher vitamin D nutrition, the results indicate that low vitamin D nutrition may bring about a form of resistance to 1,25(OH)2D. This situation would explain why, in humans, nutritional rickets and osteomalacia are commonly associated with normal or increased levels of 1,25(OH)2D (Chesney et al. 1981Citation , Eastwood et al. 1979Citation , Garabedian et al. 1983Citation ,Rasmussen et al. 1980Citation )—these are not like the low hormone levels associated with any other endocrine—deficiency disorder. A connection between lower vitamin D nutrition and vitamin D resistance helps to explain why the supposedly inactive compound 25(OH)D is more relevant in diagnosing nutritional rickets than is the active hormone 1,25(OH)2D.

If the features of improved vitamin D nutrition shown here were demonstrated for any newly synthesized compound, the compound would be classified as a noncalcemic 1,25(OH)2D analogue (Brown et al. 1989Citation , Finch et al. 1999Citation , Goff et al. 1993Citation , Koshizuka et al. 1999Citation ). Thus, we contend that 25(OH)D or a metabolite of it other than 1,25(OH)2D exists as a physiological and biologically-active noncalcemic vitamin D metabolite whose effects require further examination, particularly in relationship to studies involving the synthetic analogs of 1,25(OH)2D.

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2000 March jn study research in_vivo animal_study rats vitamin_D vitamin_D3 1.25(OH)2d calcitriol responsiveness VDR PTH Vieth nutrition medline

Inositols prevent and reverse endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rat and rabbit vasculature metabolically and by scavenging superoxide.
Nascimento NR, Lessa LM, Kerntopf MR, Sousa CM, Alves RS, Queiroz MG, Price J, Heimark DB, Larner J, Du X, Brownlee M, Gow A, Davis C, Fonteles MC.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jan 3;103(1):218-23. Epub 2005 Dec 22.
PMID: 16373499
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0509779103

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2006 January PNAS study research in_vivo animal_study rats inositols inositol medline nutrition diabetes type_2 type_1 endothelial:dysfunction NO insulin mimetic d-chiro-inositol CVD

Regulation of prostaglandin production in carrageenan-induced pleurisy by melatonin.
Cuzzocrea S, Costantino G, Mazzon E, Caputi AP.
J Pineal Res. 1999 Aug;27(1):9-14.
PMID: 10451019

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1999 August study research in_vivo animal_study rats melatonin COX-2 expression COX-2_expression inhibition inhibitor anti-inflammatory medline prostaglandins prostaglandin

CONCLUSION: Melatonin has a protective effect on colonic injury induced by both acetic acid and TNBS enemas, which is probably via a mechanism of local inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression in colonic mucosa.

Effects of melatonin on the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in rat models of colitis.
Dong WG, Mei Q, Yu JP, Xu JM, Xiang L, Xu Y.
World J Gastroenterol. 2003 Jun;9(6):1307-11.
PMID: 12800246

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2003 June study research in_vivo animal_study rats melatonin iNOS expression iNOS_expression COX-2_expression COX-2 inhibition inhibitor PGE2 NO colon colonic injury protective protection medline

[Action of soluble carbohydrates from avocado (Persea gratissima Gaertner) fruit on utilization of calcium in the rat]
Raonimalala AF, Digaud A, Fournier P.
Ann Nutr Aliment. 1980;34(4):735-44. French.
PMID: 7224495

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1980 study in_vivo animal_study rats D-mannoheptulose mannoheptulose MH avocado extract avocados extracts nutrition health calcium absorption calcium_absorption medline bioavailability herbs herb herbal_medicine

Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote colon carcinoma metastasis in rat liver.
Griffini P, Fehres O, Klieverik L, Vogels IM, Tigchelaar W, Smorenburg SM, Van Noorden CJ.
Cancer Res. 1998 Aug 1;58(15):3312-9.
PMID: 9699661

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1998 August study research in_vivo animal_study rats dietary omega-3 fish oil fish_oil colon cancer colon_cancer liver metastases metastasis promote promotion omega-6 nutrition medlne PUFA PUFAs

Dietary long-chain (n-3) fatty acids facilitate immune cell activation in sedentary, but not exercise-trained rats.
Robinson LE, Field CJ.
J Nutr. 1998 Mar;128(3):498-504.
PMID: 9482755

jn.nutrition.org/...498 - Preview

1988 March jn study research in_vivo animal_study rats omega-3 EPA DHA sedentary exercise-trained exercise training lymphocytes phospholipids nutrition medline immune function immunity natural_killer_cells NK_cells cytotoxicity T-helper CD71+ CD71

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Effect of tumor microenvironment modulation on the efficacy of oncolytic virus therapy.
Kurozumi K, Hardcastle J, Thakur R, Yang M, Christoforidis G, Fulci G, Hochberg FH, Weissleder R, Carson W, Chiocca EA, Kaur B.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007 Dec 5;99(23):1768-81. Epub 2007 Nov 27.
PMID: 18042934
doi:10.1093/jnci/djm229

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2007 December study research in_vivo animal_study rats cancer glioma oncolytic virus therapy. oncolytic_viruses viruses tumor microenvironment modulation cRGD peptide cyclophosphamide efficacy antiangiogenic agent angiogenesis medline

Alteration of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity in rats treated with selenium, diethylnitrosamine and ethylnitrosourea.
Talcott PA, Exon JH, Koller LD.
Cancer Lett. 1984 Jul;23(3):313-22.
PMID: 6611196

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...6611196 - Preview

1984 study research in_vivo animals_study rats selenium diethylnitrosamine ethylnitrosourea natural_killer_cell-mediated cytotoxicity natural_killer_cells NK_cells immunity immune response innate nutrition medline

There is new research out this morning from South Dakota State University which offers evidence that including flax in the diet may help prevent colorectal tumors or keep tumors from growing as quickly when they do form. Professor C. Dwivedi, head of SDSU’s Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, directed the study.

The study was conducted in mice that develop spontaneous intestinal tumors. This strain of mouse is often used as a model by cancer researchers due to this mutation.

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2009 April shamvswham blog_article news flax flaxseed diet colorectal cancer colorectal_cancer animal_study rats nutrition prevention cancer_prevention anti-cancer anticancer