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Reducing the Burden of Disease Through Adequate Intake of Vitamin D3.
A presentation at University of California, San Diego,
April 9, 2008
by William B. Grant, Ph.D

www.grassrootshealth.org/...GrantGrassrootsHealth.pdf - Preview

2008 April presentation UCSD Grant vitamin_D bone cancer infections autoimmune_diseases CVD CHF HF muscles metabolic_diseases nutrition PTH neuroprotective ecological_studies osteoporosis

(NaturalNews) After menopause, women are at increased risk for the bone-weakening condition known as osteoporosis. And women who are diabetic have an even greater chance of developing the disorder. But now comes research from Egyptian scientists that suggests flaxseed oil could be a natural way to protect bone health.

The new study, recently published in the International Journal of Food Safety, Nutrition and Public Health, concludes that flaxseed oil has a beneficial effect on bone mineral density and reduces markers associated with osteoporosis. Bottom line: supplementing the diet with flaxseed oil could markedly reduce the risk of osteoporosis and be of particular benefit to post-menopausal and diabetic women.

Scientist Mer Harvi and colleagues at the National Research Center in Cairo, Egypt, investigated the impact of diabetes on bone health. Then in laboratory studies they evaluated how flaxseed oil added to the diet could delay the onset of osteoporosis.

www.naturalnews.com/flaxseed_oil_osteoporosis.html - Preview

2009 December naturalnews news flaxseed_oil flaxseed oil osteoporosis reduced risk bone health risk_reduction reduced_risk nutrition

Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and childhood bone mass at age 9 years: a longitudinal study.
Javaid MK, Crozier SR, Harvey NC, Gale CR, Dennison EM, Boucher BJ, Arden NK, Godfrey KM, Cooper C; Princess Anne Hospital Study Group.
Lancet. 2006 Jan 7;367(9504):36-43. Erratum in: Lancet. 2006 May 6;367(9521):1486.
PMID: 16399151
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)67922-1

Interpretation
Maternal vitamin D insufficiency is common during pregnancy and is associated with reduced bone-mineral accrual in the offspring during childhood; this association is mediated partly through the concentration of umbilical venous calcium. Vitamin D supplementation of pregnant women, especially during winter months, could lead to longlasting reductions in the risk of osteoporotic fracture in their offspring.

www.thelancet.com/...abstract - Preview

2006 January Lancet study research epidemiological longitudinal humans maternal vitamin_D 25ohd status during pregnancy childhood children child bone mass nutrition BMC osteoporosis fracture fractures medline offspring sunlight UVB mother

"Wednesday, December 9, 2009

By Amy Norton

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Supplements containing soy isoflavones may do little to preserve women's bone mass after menopause.

In a study of more than 200 women ages 46 to 65, researchers found that the soy supplement did not appear to ward off bone-density loss over 3 years. In general, women on the supplement showed the same degree of bone loss as those given a placebo -- though there was some evidence that a higher dose helped protect bone density in the hip.

The findings, reported in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, add to a conflicting body of research on soy and postmenopausal bone health.

Some studies have suggested that soy-based foods, isolated soy protein or isoflavone-containing supplements may be beneficial, while others have found no advantage.

Isoflavones are natural chemicals found in soybeans and certain other plant foods that are structurally similar to estrogen, and may have certain estrogen-like effects in the human body. Since declining estrogen levels after menopause spur bone-density loss, isoflavone supplements could theoretically protect women's bone mass.

The current findings, however, do not support that theory."

www.nlm.nih.gov/...fullstory_92837.html - Preview

2009 December medlineplus soy compounds isoflavones supplementation supplements bone loss bone_loss osteoporosis nutrition

Role of vitamin K2 in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Iwamoto J, Takeda T, Sato Y.
Curr Drug Saf. 2006 Jan;1(1):87-97. Review.
PMID: 18690918

www.benthamdirect.org/...content.php - Preview

2006 January study review humans postmenopausal women vitamin_K vitamin_K2 nutrition osteoporosis bone medline treatment undercarboxylated osteocalcin

[Vitamin K2]
Ishida Y.
Clin Calcium. 2008 Oct;18(10):1476-82. Review. Japanese.
PMID: 18830045

"Vitamin K2 has been approved for the treatment of osteoporosis in Japan since 1995. Vitamin K2 treatment in osteoporosis has been shown to inhibit the occurrence of new bone fractures and to maintain BMD. The uniqueness of the prevention of bone fractures by vitamin K2 is that there has been no direct evidence of the relationship between increase of BMD and a decrease in the occurrence of bone fractures. A recent systematic review of seven Japanese randomized controlled trials by Cockayne has also shown that supplementation with phytonadione (Vitamin K1) and menaquinone (Vitamin K2) , particularly menaquinone-4, is associated with increased BMD and reduced fracture incidence. To confirm these results, a larger well design RCT using fractures as the primary endpoint is clearly needed."

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...18830045 - Preview

2008 October study review humans Japanese vitamin_K vitamin_K2 nutrition osteoporosis bone BMD MK-4 menaquinone medline fractures fracture

Effect of vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) in fermented soybean (natto) on bone loss in ovariectomized rats.
Yamaguchi M, Taguchi H, Gao YH, Igarashi A, Tsukamoto Y.
J Bone Miner Metab. 1999;17(1):23-9.
PMID: 10084398

This study demonstrates that the intake of dietary MK-7 has a preventive effect on bone loss caused by OVX. This effect may be partly caused by MK-4, which is formed by degradation of MK-7.

www.springerlink.com/...xgyn1c0mkl6frhen - Preview

1999 February study research in_vivo animal_study rats vitamin_K vitamin_K2 menaquinone MK-4 MK-7 bone natto nutriton medline degradation conversion osteoporosis

Benefits of Vitamin D Supplementation
Joel M. Kauffman, Ph.D.
Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons
Volume 14 Number 2 - Summer 2009

Clinical trials show that vitamin D supplementation at higher
levels than previously recommended is beneficial for many
conditions. It decreases the frequency of falls and fractures, helps
prevent cardiovascular disease, and reduces symptoms of colds or
influenza. Benefits are also seen in diabetes mellitus, multiple
sclerosis, Crohn disease, pain, depression, and possibly autism.
Sunlight does not cause an overdose of vitamin D production,
and toxicity from supplementation is rare. Dose recommendations
are increasing, but appear to be lagging the favorable trial results. A
number of common drugs deplete vitamin D levels, and others may
limit its biosynthesis from sunlight.
People with adequate levels from sun exposure will not benefit
from supplementation. While dietary intake is helpful,
supplementation is better able to raise serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ,
the major circulating metabolite, to the level now thought adequate,
30-50 ng/mL.
Where there is inadequate daily sun exposure, oral doses of
1,000-2,000 IU/d are now considered routine, with much higher
doses (up to 50,000 IU) for rapid repletion now considered safe.

www.jpands.org/...kauffman.pdf - Preview

2009 June jpands study review humans vitamin_D supplementation benefits nutrition biosynthesis mortality falls osteoporosis bone fracture cancer prevention CVD influenza flu common_cold autoimmune diseases deficiency prevalence pain SAD depression autism

Is a lower dose of vitamin D supplementation enough to increase 25(OH)D status in a sunny country?
Pignotti GA, Genaro PS, Pinheiro MM, Szejnfeld VL, Martini LA.
Eur J Nutr. 2009 Nov 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19946776

CONCLUSION: The dose given (400 IU/day) was not enough to achieve 25(OH)D concentration, considered optimal for bone health.

www.springerlink.com/...a801672g7145522t - Preview

2009 November ejn study research clinical_trial rct humans postmenopausal woman osteoporosis vitamin_D calcium supplementation nutrition 25ohd sunny country medline Brazil bone health

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with worse cognitive performance and lower bone density in older African Americans.
Wilkins CH, Birge SJ, Sheline YI, Morris JC.
J Natl Med Assoc. 2009 Apr;101(4):349-54.
PMID: 19397226

CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency in older African Americans was associated with worse cognitive performance and lower BMD of the hip

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...19397226 - Preview

2009 April study research epidemiological humans older old elderly African Americans vitamin_D deficiency 25ohd low_levels worse cognitive performance cognition nutrition African_Americans BMD bone hip osteoporosis medline

"Researchers at Johns Hopkins are reporting what is believed to be the first conclusive evidence in men that the long-term ill effects of vitamin D deficiency are amplified by lower levels of the key sex hormone estrogen, but not testosterone.

In a national study in 1010 men, to be presented Nov. 15 at the American Heart Association's (AHA) annual Scientific Sessions in Orlando, researchers say the new findings build on previous studies showing that deficiencies in vitamin D and low levels of estrogen, found naturally in differing amounts in men and women, were independent risk factors for hardened and narrowed arteries and weakened bones. Vitamin D is an essential part to keeping the body healthy, and can be obtained from fortified foods, such as milk and cereals, and by exposure to sunlight.

www.medicalnewstoday.com/...171130.php - Preview

2009 November medicalnewstoday news vitamin_D deficiency effects amplified estrogen low_levels shortage nutrition CVD bone health osteoporosis risk osteopenia CHD

"Study Shows Vitamin D Supplements May Be Useful in Preventing Heart Disease

Nov. 16, 2009 (Orlando, Fla.) -- Some men with low levels of vitamin D in their blood are at particularly high risk of developing heart disease and weakened bones that can lead to osteoporosis, researchers report.

In a study of more than 1,000 men, those with low levels of both vitamin D and the sex hormone estrogen were at significantly increased risk of having cardiovascular disease, says study head Erin Michos, MD, a cardiologist at Johns Hopkins.

"They were also at dramatically increased risk of osteopenia," or bone loss that can lead to osteoporosis, she says.

"Our results suggest that vitamin D supplements, which are already prescribed to treat osteoporosis, may also be useful in preventing heart disease," Michos tells WebMD.

Men with low levels of vitamin D and testosterone, on the other hand, were not at heightened risk for heart disease or osteopenia."

www.webmd.com/...-d-levels-may-raise-heart-risk - Preview

2009 November webmd news vitamin_D heart diseas CVD CHD osteoporosis men humans testosterone low_levels deficiency supplements ssupplementation estrogen nutrition osteopenia AHA meeting

Dietary protein and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Darling AL, Millward DJ, Torgerson DJ, Hewitt CE, Lanham-New SA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19889822

www.ajcn.org/...1674 - Preview

2009 November ajcn study research systematic review meta-analysis Dietary protein bone health bone_health BMD osteoporosis nutrition medline

Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D in relation to bone health.
Cranney A, Horsley T, O'Donnell S, Weiler H, Puil L, Ooi D, Atkinson S, Ward L, Moher D, Hanley D, Fang M, Yazdi F, Garritty C, Sampson M, Barrowman N, Tsertsvadze A, Mamaladze V.
Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2007 Aug;(158):1-235. Review.
PMID: 18088161

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...18088161 - Preview

2007 August study review vitamin_D effectiveness efficacy safety bone health bone_health osteoporosis nutrition medline evidence report reports technology assessessment

Defining Adequate Vitamin D Intake : Cross-sectional and Intervention Studies
Viljakainen, Heli Tuulikki
University of Helsinki
2008-05-23
Doctoral dissertation (article-based)

In summary, vitamin D intake remains inadequate among the target groups of this thesis, as reflected by seasonal variation in calcitropic hormones and bone metabolism. Dietary intake of vitamin D should be increased to achieve at least an adequate vitamin D status (S-25-OHD>50 nmol/l) and possibly an optimal vitamin D status (S-25-OHD>80 nmol/l) throughout the year. This could be accomplished by introducing new vitamin D-fortified foods to the market.

oa.doria.fi/37651 - Preview

2008 May Heli Viljakainen Helsinki University doctoral dissertation Vitamin_D Defining definition adequate intake AI requirement requirements epidemiological clinical_trials humans nutrition Finland bone health osteoporosis prevention studies thesis

"People with coeliac disease may be more susceptible to osteoporosis because their own immune system attacks their bone tissue, a study suggests.

Osteoporosis is a known risk of coeliac disease and has been explained by a failure to absorb calcium or vitamin D. "

news.bbc.co.uk/...8295438.stm - Preview

2009 October BC news coeliac disease celiac osteoporosis risk vitamin_D nutrition bone health loss immune system

African Americans, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and osteoporosis: a paradox.
Aloia JF.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Aug;88(2):545S-550S. Review.
PMID: 18689399

African Americans have lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and a lower risk of fragility fractures than do other populations. I review the evidence on factors other than vitamin D that might explain this paradox and the calcium economy in different life stages.

www.ajcn.org/...545S - Preview

2008 August ajcn study review Aloia African Americans black humans 25ohd calcidiol vitamin_D status osteoporosis bone health paradox fractures nutrition fracture risk medline blacks African_Americans skin color

"May 19, 2008 (Orlando, Florida) — A new study shows that a proactive vitamin D treatment plan should be considered when caring for all osteoporosis patients, and that such treatment might help decrease the likelihood of developing vitamin D deficiency.

Vitamin D deficiency is widespread among patients being treated for osteoporosis, and such deficiency should be treated aggressively, according to the findings presented here at the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 17th Annual Meeting and Clinical Congress."

www.medscape.com/...574721 - Preview

2008 May Medscape news aggressive vitamin_D treatment for osteoporosis bone health nutrition deficiency patients low_levels

Plasma calcidiol, season, and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations in healthy elderly men and women.
Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Dallal GE.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1):67-71.
PMID: 8988915

Plasma calcidiol and serum PTH concentrations were inversely related, with PTH rising slowly as calcidiol concentrations declined below 110 nmol/L (95 CI: 60, 168 nmol/L). More than 90% of the men and women had calcidiol concentrations below this value in the wintertime. The high prevalence of lower wintertime calcidiol values may increase risk of bone loss in elderly men and women.

www.ajcn.org/67 - Preview

1997 January ajcn study research epidemiological humans Dawson-Hughes vitamin_D calcidiol 25ohd PTH low_levels deficiency prevalence winter bone loss osteoporosis nutition medline elderly old older season

Birth and death of bone cells: basic regulatory mechanisms and implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis.
Manolagas SC.
Endocr Rev. 2000 Apr;21(2):115-37. Review.
PMID: 10782361

edrv.endojournals.org/...115 - Preview

2000 April study review birth death bone cells mechanisms mechanism osteoporosis osteoblasts osteocytes osteoclasts cytokines PTH medline hormones