Matti Narkia's Library tagged humans →  View Popular

Diet, evolution and aging--the pathophysiologic effects of the post-agricultural inversion of the potassium-to-sodium and base-to-chloride ratios in the human diet.
Frassetto L, Morris RC Jr, Sellmeyer DE, Todd K, Sebastian A.
Eur J Nutr. 2001 Oct;40(5):200-13. Review.
PMID: 11842945

www.springerlink.com/...jhphtup0jne8u63k - Preview

2001 October ejn study review humans Frassetto Sebastian acid-base acid_base nutrition evolution diet net_acid_load protein organic anions aging post-agricultural inversion potassium-to-sodium potassium sodium base-to-chloride base chloride medline

Conjugated linoleic acid improves insulin sensitivity in young, sedentary humans.
Eyjolfson V, Spriet LL, Dyck DJ.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 May;36(5):814-20.
PMID: 15126715

CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that a common dosage of a commercially available CLA supplement can improve ISI in young, sedentary individuals. However, there is considerable individual variability in the response. Additional studies are required to identify underlying metabolic changes in human skeletal muscle.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez - Preview

2004 May study research clinical_trial rct humans young sedentary CLA supplementation insulin sensitivity insulin_sensitivity nutrition medline

Supplementation with trans10cis12-conjugated linoleic acid induces hyperproinsulinaemia in obese men: close association with impaired insulin sensitivity.
Risérus U, Vessby B, Arner P, Zethelius B.
Diabetologia. 2004 Jun;47(6):1016-9. Epub 2004 May 28.
PMID: 15168020
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1421-8

Conclusions/interpretation In obese men, t10c12CLA induces hyperproinsulinaemia that is related to impaired insulin sensitivity, independently of changes in insulin concentrations. These results are of clinical interest, as hyperproinsulinaemia predicts diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The use of weight-loss supplements containing this fatty acid is worrying.

springerlink.metapress.com/...m0gfeb9k7tde9jbk - Preview

2004 June Diabetologia study researc clinical_trial rct humans abdominally obese men obesity CLA trans-10_cis-12 supplementation adiponectin hyperproinsulinemia insulin_resistance insulin_secretion nutrition proinsulin insulin resistance medline

Metabolic effects of conjugated linoleic acid in humans: the Swedish
experience.
Riserus U, Smedman A, Basu S, Vessby B.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jun;79(6 Suppl):1146S-1148S.
PMID: 15159248

CONCLUSIONS
CLA and specifically the isolated isomers are interesting model fatty acids for studies of the effects of (structural differences of) unsaturated fatty acids in humans. Today, there is no clear indication for human use of CLA concentrates. The possible importance of the small reduction of body fat after supplementation with the commercially available CLA products, without evidence of an associated improvement in the metabolic profile, has to be weighed against the apparent reduction of HDL cholesterol and an increased lipid peroxidation. The possible health consequences of prolonged treatment periods are at present unknown. Human supplementation with high doses of the trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomer should be avoided while awaiting further information on possible effects and side effects. However, it cannot be excluded that future studies could point to clinical applications, eg, as a result of antitumorigenic properties or as a tool to prevent weight gain. This possibility certainly requires more research to increase the understanding of the mechanisms behind the effects of CLA and specific CLA isomers on a molecular level. More controlled studies in defined populations are needed, as are controlled studies for comparisons of the effects of different and well-defined (mixtures of) isomers and human studies of longer duration to secure long-term effects and safety

www.ajcn.org/...1146S - Preview

2004 June ajcn study research clinical_trial rct humans CLA abdominal obesity abdominal_obesity lipid_peroxidation metabolic syndrome metabolic_syndrome HDL nutrition body_fat supplementation medline

Effects of cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on insulin sensitivity, lipid peroxidation, and proinflammatory markers in obese men.
Riserus U, Vessby B, Arnlov J, Basu S.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Aug;80(2):279-83.
PMID: 15277146

CONCLUSIONS: A CLA preparation containing the purified c9,t11 CLA isomer increased insulin resistance and lipid peroxidation compared with placebo in obese men. Because c9,t11 CLA occurs in commercial supplements as well as in the diet, the present results should be confirmed in larger studies that also include women.

www.ajcn.org/...279 - Preview

2004 August ajcn study research clinical_trial rct humans abdominally obese men obesity CLA cis-9_trans-11 dairy fat dairy_fat insulin resistance insulin_resistance nutrition abdominal_obesity inflammation oxidative_stress lipid_peroxidation medline

Opposing effects of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on blood lipids in healthy humans.
Tricon S, Burdge GC, Kew S, Banerjee T, Russell JJ, Jones EL, Grimble RF, Williams CM, Yaqoob P, Calder PC.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Sep;80(3):614-20.
PMID: 15321800

Conclusion: Divergent effects of cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans-10,cis-12 CLA appear on the blood lipid profile in healthy humans: trans-10,cis-12 CLA increases LDL:HDL cholesterol and total:HDL cholesterol, whereas cis-9,trans-11 CLA decreases them.

www.ajcn.org/...614 - Preview

2004 September ajcn study research clinical_trial rct humans healthy men CLA supplementation opposing effects opposite cis-9_trans-11 trans-10_cis-12 nutrition HDL LDL lipid_profile cholesterol lipids triglycerides CVD medline

The effects of conjugated linoleic acid on human health-related outcomes.
Tricon S, Burdge GC, Williams CM, Calder PC, Yaqoob P.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2005 May;64(2):171-82. Review.
PMID: 15960862

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid. CLA has received considerable attention as a result of animal experiments that report anti-carcinogenic, anti-atherogenic and anti-diabetic properties, and modulation of body composition and immune function. Several studies of CLA supplementation in human subjects have now been published, but in contrast to animal studies there has been marked variation between reports on the health-related outcomes. The consensus from seventeen published studies in human subjects is that CLA does not affect body weight or body composition. Some detrimental effects of the trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomer have also been reported in terms of altered blood lipid composition and impaired insulin sensitivity. Finally, CLA has only limited effects on immune functions in man. However, there have been reports of some interesting isomer-specific effects of CLA on the blood lipid profile, but not on immune function. These isomer-specific effects need further investigation. Until more is known, CLA supplementation in man should be considered with caution.

journals.cambridge.org/...displayFulltext - Preview

2005 May study review humans CLA health nutrition medline body_composition lipids lipid_profile CVD insulin resistance insulin_resistance immune function immune_function immunity

Conjugated linoleic acid impairs endothelial function.
Taylor JS, Williams SR, Rhys R, James P, Frenneaux MP.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006 Feb;26(2):307-12. Epub 2005 Dec 8.
PMID: 16339498

CONCLUSIONS: A CLA isomeric mixture had at most modest effects on adiposity and worsened endothelial function. On the basis of these results, the use of the isomeric mixture of CLA as an aid to weight loss cannot be recommended

atvb.ahajournals.org/...307 - Preview

2006 February atvb study research clinical_trial rct humans CLA supplementation endothelial function endothelial_function impairs impairment CVD obesity oxidative_stress nutrition medline body_composition BMI body_fat isomeric mixture

Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y does not prevent weight or body fat regain.
Larsen TM, Toubro S, Gudmundsen O, Astrup A.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Mar;83(3):606-12.
PMID: 16522907

CONCLUSION: A 3.4-g daily CLA supplementation for 1 y does not prevent weight or fat mass regain in a healthy obese population.

www.ajcn.org/...606 - Preview

2006 March ajcn study research clinical_trial rct humans obese healthy subjects obesity CLA Tonalin supplementation body_fat safety nutrition medline weight gain regain weight_gain weight_regain

Effects of dairy products naturally enriched with cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid on the blood lipid profile in healthy middle-aged men.
Tricon S, Burdge GC, Jones EL, Russell JJ, El-Khazen S, Moretti E, Hall WL, Gerry AB, Leake DS, Grimble RF, Williams CM, Calder PC, Yaqoob P.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Apr;83(4):744-53.
PMID: 16600923

CONCLUSION: Dairy products naturally enriched with cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans-11 18:1 do not appear to have a significant effect on the blood lipid profile

www.ajcn.org/...744 - Preview

2006 April ajcn study research clinical_trial rct humans healthy middle-aged men nutrition medline dairy products CLA cis-9_trans-11 cholesterol HDL LDL CVD triglycerides lipid_profile lipids risk_factors

Plant-animal subsistence ratios and macronutrient energy estimations in worldwide hunter-gatherer diets.
Cordain L, Miller JB, Eaton SB, Mann N, Holt SH, Speth JD.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Mar;71(3):682-92.
PMID: 10702160

Our analysis showed that whenever and wherever it was ecologically possible, hunter-gatherers consumed high amounts (45-65% of energy) of animal food. Most (73%) of the worldwide hunter-gatherer societies derived >50% (> or =56-65% of energy) of their subsistence from animal foods, whereas only 14% of these societies derived >50% (> or =56-65% of energy) of their subsistence from gathered plant foods. This high reliance on animal-based foods coupled with the relatively low carbohydrate content of wild plant foods produces universally characteristic macronutrient consumption ratios in which protein is elevated (19-35% of energy) at the expense of carbohydrates (22-40% of energy).

www.ajcn.org/...682 - Preview

2000 March ajcn study research epidemiological humans Cordain macronutrients hunter-gatherers preagricultural diets wild foods game meat Plant-animal subsistence ratios ratio plant animal nutrition medline energy paleolithic diet paleolithic_diet

Twice single doses of 100,000 IU of vitamin D in winter is adequate and safe for prevention of vitamin D deficiency in healthy children from Ushuaia, Tierra Del Fuego, Argentina.
Tau C, Ciriani V, Scaiola E, Acuña M.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Mar;103(3-5):651-4. Epub 2007 Jan 25.
PMID: 17257830
doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.12.027

These results disclosed that to prevent vitamin D deficiency for children at zones of risk at the south of our country, double supplementation of 100,000 IU of vitamin D during autumn and winter, would be adequate and safe.

www.sciencedirect.com/science - Preview

2007 March study reserach clinical_trial humans children vitamin_D deficiency prevention 25ohd winter Ushuaia Tierra_Del_Fuego nutrition medline high-dose supplementation twice single doses two Argentina

"Results of the first placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial of the compound coenzyme Q10 suggest that it can slow disease progression in patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease (PD). While the results must be confirmed in a larger study, they provide hope that this compound may ultimately provide a new way of treating PD.

The phase II study, led by Clifford Shults, M.D., of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, looked at a total of 80 PD patients at 10 centers across the country to determine if coenzyme Q10 is safe and if it can slow the rate of functional decline. The study was funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and appears in the October 15, 2002, issue of the Archives of Neurology"

www.ninds.nih.gov/...kinsons_coenzymeq10_101402.htm - Preview

2002 October ninds NIH government news nutrition Coenzyme Q10 Coenzyme_Q10 ubiquinone ubidecarenone coq10 Parkinson's disease Parkinson's_disease Parkinson PD humans trial

Coenzyme Q10.
Bonakdar RA, Guarneri E.
Am Fam Physician. 2005 Sep 15;72(6):1065-70. Review.
PMID: 16190504

Coenzyme Q10 is a vitamin-like substance used in the treatment of a variety of disorders primarily related to suboptimal cellular energy metabolism and oxidative injury. Studies supporting the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 appear most promising for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and certain encephalomyopathies for which coenzyme Q10 has gained orphan drug status. Results in other areas of research, including treatment of congestive heart failure and diabetes, appear to be contradictory or need further clarification before proceeding with recommendations. Coenzyme Q10 appears to be a safe supplement with minimal side effects and low drug interaction potential.

www.aafp.org/...1065.html - Preview

2005 September study review humans nutrition medline Coenzyme Q10 Coenzyme_Q10 ubiquinone ubidecarenone coq10 CVD HF CHF diabetes dosage dosing Parkinson's disease Parkinson's_disease Parkinson

Coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of hypertension: a meta-analysis of the clinical trials.
Rosenfeldt FL, Haas SJ, Krum H, Hadj A, Ng K, Leong JY, Watts GF.
J Hum Hypertens. 2007 Apr;21(4):297-306. Epub 2007 Feb 8.
PMID: 17287847

We conclude that coenzyme Q10 has the potential in hypertensive patients to lower systolic blood pressure by up to 17 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure by up to 10 mm Hg without significant side effects.

www.nature.com/...1002138a.html - Preview

2007 April study review meta-analysis clinical_trials humans Coenzyme Q10 Coenzyme_Q10 hypertension nutrtion medline blood_pressure bp CVD ubiquinone ubidecarenone coq10

Effect of coenzyme Q10 on risk of atherosclerosis in patients with recent myocardial infarction.
Singh RB, Neki NS, Kartikey K, Pella D, Kumar A, Niaz MA, Thakur AS.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Apr;246(1-2):75-82.
PMID: 12841346

www.springerlink.com/...u3437g0j1877x422 - Preview

2003 April study research clinical_trial rct humans statin statins acute myocardial infarction myocardial_infarction MI CVD CHD vitamin_E Coenzyme Q10 Coenzyme_Q10 unstable atheroma nutrition medline ubiquinone ubidecarenone coq10

Endothelial dysfunction is associated with carotid plaque: a cross-sectional study from the population based Northern Manhattan Study.
Rundek T, Hundle R, Ratchford E, Ramas R, Sciacca R, Di Tullio MR, Boden-Albala B, Miyake Y, Elkind MS, Sacco RL, Homma S.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2006 Aug 17;6:35.
PMID: 16916467
doi: 10.1186/1471-2261-6-35.

Conclusion
Decreased brachial FMD is independently associated with carotid plaque. Non-invasive evaluation of endothelial dysfunction may be a useful marker of preclinical atherosclerosis and help to individualize cardiovascular risk assessment beyond traditional risk factors.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC1560160 - Preview

2006 August study rsearch epidemiological humans endothelial dysfunction endothelial_dysfunction carotid plaque brachial FMD CVD flow-mediated dilatation atherosclerosis medline

Long-term vitamin D3 supplementation may have adverse effects on serum lipids during postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy.
Heikkinen AM, Tuppurainen MT, Niskanen L, Komulainen M, Penttilä I, Saarikoski S.
Eur J Endocrinol. 1997 Nov;137(5):495-502.
PMID: 9405029

CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the positive long-term effect of HRT with sequential estradiol valerate and cyproterone acetate on serum lipid concentrations. In addition, the results suggest that vitamin D3 supplementation may have unfavorable effects on lipids in postmenopausal women. Pure vitamin D3 treatment was associated with increased serum LDL cholesterol. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of HRT on serum LDL cholesterol content were reduced when estradiol valerate was combined with vitamin D3. However, the relevance of these associations to cardiovascular morbidity remains to be established.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...9405029 - Preview

1997 November study research clinical_trial rct humans women long-term vitamin D3 vitamin_D supplementation adverse effects lipids lipid_profile CVD during postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy HRT nutrition LDL risk_factors medline

n-3 Fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: evidence explained and mechanisms explored.
Calder PC.
Clin Sci (Lond). 2004 Jul;107(1):1-11. Review.
PMID: 15132735

DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INTAKE OF LONG-CHAIN n-3 PUFAS

It is clear from the forgoing discussion that long-chain n-3 fatty acids have been proven to be effective in secondary prevention of MI, with a particularly marked effect on sudden death. Thus it would be prudent to advise post-MI patients to increase long-chain n-3 PUFA consumption. Epidemiological studies, studies investigating effects on classic and emerging risk factors and mechanistic studies indicate that long-chain n-3 fatty acids also play a key role in primary prevention. This is supported by studies in animal models, including monkeys. Thus long-chain n-3 fatty acid consumption should be promoted for all individuals especially those at risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This is the reason why a number of organizations have now made recommendations relating to the intake of fatty fish (for example [3]) and of long-chain n-3 PUFAs (Table 6). It is clear that there is a wide gap between current intakes of long-chain n-3 PUFAs and many of these recommendations (Table 6). To meet these recommendations strategies other than increased consumption of fatty fish may be required.

www.clinsci.org/...cs1070001.htm - Preview

2004 July study review humans omega-3 CVD evidence mechanisms stabilize advanced atherosclerotic plaques stability plaque nutrition medline triglycerides fish_oil anti-arrhythmic EPA DHA sudden_death recommendations dietary

n-3 Fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: actions and molecular mechanisms.
Torrejon C, Jung UJ, Deckelbaum RJ.
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2007 Nov-Dec;77(5-6):319-26. Epub 2007 Dec 3. Review. Erratum in: Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2008 Feb;78(2):157.
PMID: 18060753
doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2007.10.014.

In conclusion, a growing body of evidence, encompassing human to cellular and molecular studies are defining the roles for n-3 FA as bioactive agents for reducing the risks of and treating CVD.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2386438 - Preview

2007 November study review humans omega-3 CVD atherosclerosis actions molecular mechanisms molecular_mechanisms nutrition medline biological effects mechanism plaque stabilization stability plaques atherosclerotic atheroma bioactive agents risk