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Coffee, Decaffeinated Coffee, and Tea Consumption in Relation to Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis, Dec 14/28, 2009, Huxley et al. 169 (22): 2053 - Arch Intern Med -- Abstract:
Coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and tea consumption in relation to incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review with meta-analysis.
Huxley R, Lee CM, Barzi F, Timmermeister L, Czernichow S, Perkovic V, Grobbee DE, Batty D, Woodward M.
Arch Intern Med. 2009 Dec 14;169(22):2053-63.
PMID: 20008687
Conclusions Owing to the presence of small-study bias, our results may represent an overestimate of the true magnitude of the association. Similar significant and inverse associations were observed with decaffeinated coffee and tea and risk of incident diabetes. High intakes of coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and tea are associated with reduced risk of diabetes. The putative protective effects of these beverages warrant further investigation in randomized trials.
C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis : The Lancet
C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis.
The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 22 December 2009
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61717-7
Interpretation
CRP concentration has continuous associations with the risk of coronary heart disease, ischaemic stroke, vascular mortality, and death from several cancers and lung disease that are each of broadly similar size. The relevance of CRP to such a range of disorders is unclear. Associations with ischaemic vascular disease depend considerably on conventional risk factors and other markers of inflammation.
Endothelial-Vasoprotective Effects of High-Density Lipoprotein Are Impaired in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus but Are Improved After Extended-Release Niacin Therapy -- Sorrentino et al., 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.836346 -- Circulation
Endothelial-Vasoprotective Effects of High-Density Lipoprotein Are Impaired in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus but Are Improved After Extended-Release Niacin Therapy.
Sorrentino SA, Besler C, Rohrer L, Meyer M, Heinrich K, Bahlmann FH, Mueller M, Horváth T, Doerries C, Heinemann M, Flemmer S, Markowski A, Manes C, Bahr MJ, Haller H, von Eckardstein A, Drexler H, Landmesser U.
Circulation. 2009 Dec 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 20026785
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.836346
Conclusions—HDL from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome has substantially impaired endothelial-protective effects compared with HDL from healthy subjects. ER niacin therapy not only increases HDL plasma levels but markedly improves endothelial-protective functions of HDL in these patients, which is potentially more important
Quality of HDL differs in diabetics but improves with niacin therapy - theheart.org
"Quality of HDL differs in diabetics but improves with niacin therapy
December 22, 2009 | Michael O'Riordan
Hannover, Germany - A small study published this week hints that the effects of HDL cholesterol differ in healthy patients from those with diabetes mellitus [1]. HDL cholesterol in individuals with diabetes has impaired endothelial protective functions compared with the HDL from healthy subjects, although treatment with extended-release niacin can improve these endothelial protective effects, according to researchers.
Publishing their findings online December 21, 2009 in Circulation, lead investigator Dr Sajoscha Sorrentino (Hannover Medical School, Germany) and colleagues write that because recent HDL-raising intervention studies have yielded mixed results, "circulating HDL-cholesterol levels alone likely do not represent an adequate measure of therapeutic efficacy, and indexes of HDL functionality are urgently needed for assessment of the potential of HDL-targeted therapies to exert vasoprotective effects."
Speaking with heartwire, senior investigator Dr Ulf Landmesser (University of Zürich, Switzerland), said the results have implications for clinical research.
"We have to understand that we can't look only at the HDL levels in the plasma, but we need to look at the quality," he said. "The quality of the HDL is not the same in different patients. This is very important for targeting HDL as a treatment. Second, niacin therapy is a promising way not only to raise HDL but also to improve the quality; it is a good treatment option, especially if the larger outcomes data are positive.""
Vitamin B Niacin Offers No Additional Benefit To Statin Therapy In Seniors Already Diagnosed With Coronary Artery Disease
"The routine prescription of extended-release niacin, a B vitamin (1,500 milligrams daily), in combination with traditional cholesterol-lowering therapy offers no extra benefit in correcting arterial narrowing and diminishing plaque buildup in seniors who already have coronary artery disease, a new vascular imaging study from Johns Hopkins experts shows.
In tests on 145 Baltimore-area men and women with existing atherosclerosis, all over age 65, researchers found that after 18 months of drug therapy, reductions in arterial wall thickness were measurably no different between the half who took dual niacin-statin therapy and the rest who remained on statin therapy alone. "
Clinical Implications of JUPITER (Justification for the Use of statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin) in a U.S. Population: Insights From the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study -- Yang et al. 54 (25): 2388 -- J
Clinical Implications of JUPITER (Justification for the Use of statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin) in a U.S. Population
Insights From the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study
Yang EY et al.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009; 54:2388-2395,
doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.10.006
Conclusions: ARIC participants with elevated hs-CRP and low LDL-C had a CVD event rate of 1.57% per year over 6.9 years, similar to the CVD event rate noted in the JUPITER study placebo group (1.36% per year over 1.9 years). The association of hs-CRP ≥2.0 mg/l with increased CVD risk and mortality regardless of LDL-C provides us a simple method of using age and hs-CRP level for identifying higher risk individuals. (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study; NCT00005131)
Mozambican Grass Seed Consumption During the Middle Stone Age -- Mercader 326 (5960): 1680 -- Science
Mozambican Grass Seed Consumption During the Middle Stone Age
Julio Mercader
Science 18 December 2009:
Vol. 326. no. 5960, pp. 1680 - 1683
DOI: 10.1126/science.1173966
The role of starchy plants in early hominin diets and when the culinary processing of starches began have been difficult to track archaeologically. Seed collecting is conventionally perceived to have been an irrelevant activity among the Pleistocene foragers of southern Africa, on the grounds of both technological difficulty in the processing of grains and the belief that roots, fruits, and nuts, not cereals, were the basis for subsistence for the past 100,000 years and further back in time. A large assemblage of starch granules has been retrieved from the surfaces of Middle Stone Age stone tools from Mozambique, showing that early Homo sapiens relied on grass seeds starting at least 105,000 years ago, including those of sorghum grasses.
Observations: Humans feasting on grains for at least 100,000 years
"Grains might have been an important part of human diets much further back in our history than previous research has suggested.
Although cupcakes and crumpets were still a long way off during the Middle Stone Age, new evidence suggests that at least some humans of that time period were eating starchy, cereal-based snacks as early as 105,000 years ago. The findings, gleaned from grass seed residue found on ancient African stone tools, are detailed online Thursday in Science.
Researchers have assumed that humans were foraging for fruits, nuts and roots long before 100,000 years ago, but cereal grains are quite a new addition to the early prehistoric gastronomic picture. "This broadens the timeline for the use of grass seeds by our species," Julio Mercader, an assistant professor at University of Calgary's Department of Archeology and author of the paper, said in a prepared statement. "
The Bioavailability of Vitamin D from Fortified Cheeses and Supplements Is Equivalent in Adults -- Wagner et al. 138 (7): 1365 -- Journal of Nutrition
The bioavailability of vitamin D from fortified cheeses and supplements is equivalent in adults.
Wagner D, Sidhom G, Whiting SJ, Rousseau D, Vieth R.
J Nutr. 2008 Jul;138(7):1365-71.
PMID: 18567762
Compared with baseline, serum parathyroid hormone decreased with both fortification (P = 0.003) and supplementation (P = 0.012). These data demonstrate that vitamin D is equally bioavailable from fortified hard cheeses and supplements, making cheese suitable for vitamin D fortification
Bread Fortified with Cholecalciferol Increases the Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration in Women as Effectively as a Cholecalciferol Supplement -- Natri et al. 136 (1): 123 -- Journal of Nutrition
Bread fortified with cholecalciferol increases the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in women as effectively as a cholecalciferol supplement.
Natri AM, Salo P, Vikstedt T, Palssa A, Huttunen M, Kärkkäinen MU, Salovaara H, Piironen V, Jakobsen J, Lamberg-Allardt CJ.
J Nutr. 2006 Jan;136(1):123-7.
PMID: 16365070
Both fortified breads increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration as effectively as the cholecalciferol supplement. Supplementation or fortification did not affect serum intact parathyroid hormone concentration or urinary calcium excretion. In conclusion, fortified bread is a safe and feasible way to improve vitamin D nutrition.
NEJM -- Extended-Release Niacin or Ezetimibe and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
Extended-release niacin or ezetimibe and carotid intima-media thickness.
Taylor AJ, Villines TC, Stanek EJ, Devine PJ, Griffen L, Miller M, Weissman NJ, Turco M.
N Engl J Med. 2009 Nov 26;361(22):2113-22. Epub 2009 Nov 15.
PMID: 19915217
Conclusions This comparative-effectiveness trial shows that the use of extended-release niacin causes a significant regression of carotid intima–media thickness when combined with a statin and that niacin is superior to ezetimibe. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00397657 [ClinicalTrials.gov] .
Are omega-3 fatty acids options for prevention and treatment of cognitive decline and dementia? - [Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009] - PubMed result
Are omega-3 fatty acids options for prevention and treatment of cognitive decline and dementia?
Cederholm T, Palmblad J.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 20019606
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To report recent data on the potential role of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) found in oily fish, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), to prevent and treat cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Observational studies still provide conflicting results, in which the majority indicate beneficial effects on cognition, both when assessed as a continuous variable or as incident dementia, mainly Alzheimer's disease. Experimental studies have demonstrated potentially ameliorating effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA on amyloid fragment formation, signal transduction including upregulation of the apolipoprotein receptor SorLA, as well as on angiogenesis. The role of EPA and DHA metabolites on Alzheimer's disease pathology is under investigation. Recently, three randomized intervention studies, with duration up to 6 months have been reported. In contrast to a small study from Taiwan, no positive overall effects were reported from the Swedish OmegAD Study or from a Dutch study, although post hoc analyses indicate that selected individuals with mild forms of Alzheimer's disease or cognitive decline may respond to treatment. SUMMARY: No firm conclusions can be drawn. Based on epidemiological data, fish including oily fish could be advised as part of a balanced diet for public health purpose, although the evidence for better cognition is only fairly consistent. It is unlikely that n-3 FA will emerge as a treatment option in general for improving cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease. n-3 FA, especially DHA, may turn out as an adjuvant therapy in selected cases. Further long-term intervention studies on individuals with mild cognitive reductions are awaite"
The hypoglycemic effect of fat and protein is not attenuated by insulin resistance -- Lan-Pidhainy and Wolever 91 (1): 98 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
The hypoglycemic effect of fat and protein is not attenuated by insulin resistance.
Lan-Pidhainy X, Wolever TM.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19923374
doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28125
Conclusions: The hypoglycemic effect of fat and protein was not blunted by insulin resistance. Protein increased insulin but had no effect on C-peptide or the insulin secretion rate, which suggests decreased hepatic insulin extraction or increased C-peptide clearance.
Cardiovascular disease risk of dietary stearic acid compared with trans, other saturated, and unsaturated fatty acids: a systematic review -- Hunter et al. 91 (1): 46 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Cardiovascular disease risk of dietary stearic acid compared with trans, other saturated, and unsaturated fatty acids: a systematic review1,3.
Hunter JE, Zhang J, Kris-Etherton PM.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Nov 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19939984
doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27661
Conclusions: TFA intake should be reduced as much as possible because of its adverse effects on lipids and lipoproteins. The replacement of TFA with STA compared with other saturated fatty acids in foods that require solid fats beneficially affects LDL cholesterol, the primary target for CVD risk reduction; unsaturated fats are preferred for liquid fat applications. Research is needed to evaluate the effects of STA on emerging CVD risk markers such as fibrinogen and to understand the responses in different populations.
Acute Ingestion of Long-Chain (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Decreases Fibrinolysis in Men with Metabolic Syndrome -- Montegaard et al. 140 (1): 38 -- Journal of Nutrition
Acute Ingestion of Long-Chain (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Decreases Fibrinolysis in Men with Metabolic Syndrome.
Montegaard C, Tulk HM, Lauritzen L, Tholstrup T, Robinson LE.
J Nutr. 2009 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19889809
doi:10.3945/jn.109.111427
Individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) often have elevated plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), contributing to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. PAI-1 and t-PA may be affected by chronic (n-3) long-chain PUFA [(n-3)LCPUFA] supplementation; however, the acute impact of fat ingestion on these risk factors has not been established. Our objective was to investigate the acute effect of (n-3)LCPUFA on plasma PAI-1, t-PA, and platelet aggregation. We conducted a randomized crossover study in which men (n = 8, ≥45 y) with MetS consumed water or a high-saturated fat beverage (1 g fat/kg body weight) with either a high or low content of (n-3)LCPUFA. Blood samples were collected over 8 h to measure triacylglycerol (TAG), PAI-1, t-PA, and platelet aggregation. Both fat loads resulted in a significant increase in whole blood TAG concentration, plasma PAI-1 and t-PA concentrations, and PAI-1 activity, as well as a significant decrease in t-PA activity during the postprandial period. Interestingly, PAI-1 concentration and activity increased more following the high (n-3)LCPUFA compared with the low (n-3)LCPUFA beverage (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the high (n-3)LCPUFA beverage resulted in a lower t-PA activity (P < 0.05), whereas the effects of the 2 fat loads on the plasma t-PA concentration and platelet aggregation did not differ. Overall, acute intake of a high (n-3)LCPUFA beverage shifted the balance between plasma PAI-1 and t-PA, which might indicate a lower capacity for fibrinolysis
Arch Ophthalmol -- Cigarette Smoking, Fish Consumption, Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake, and Associations With Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The US Twin Study of Age-Related Macular Degeneration, July 2006, Seddon et al. 124 (7): 995
Cigarette smoking, fish consumption, omega-3 fatty acid intake, and associations with age-related macular degeneration: the US Twin Study of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
Seddon JM, George S, Rosner B.
Arch Ophthalmol. 2006 Jul;124(7):995-1001.
PMID: 16832023
Conclusions This study of twins provides further evidence that cigarette smoking increases risk while fish consumption and omega-3 fatty acid intake reduce risk of AMD
Low vitamin D serum level is related to severe fibrosis and low responsiveness to IFN-based therapy in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C - Wiley InterScience :: Journal :: Article PDF
Low vitamin D serum level is related to severe fibrosis and low responsiveness to IFN-based therapy in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C
Salvatore Petta et al.
Hepatology, Volume 9999 Issue 999A, Page NA. Published Online: 4 Dec 2009
DOI: 10.1002/hep.23489
Conclusions:
G1 CHC patients had low 25(OH)D serum levels, possibly due to reduced CYP27A1 expression. Low vitamin D is linked to severe fibrosis and low SVR on IFN-based therapy. (HEPATOLOGY 2010.)
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the risk of ovarian cancer - ScienceDirect - European Journal of Cancer
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the risk of ovarian cancer.
Toriola AT, Surcel HM, Agborsangaya C, Grankvist K, Tuohimaa P, Toniolo P, Lukanova A, Pukkala E, Lehtinen M.
Eur J Cancer. 2009 Aug 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19713101
doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2009.08.002
Conclusion
Overall, we did not observe a significant association between serum 25-OHD concentrations and the risk of ovarian cancer. However, we found evidence suggestive of an increased risk among women with low to insufficient serum 25-OHD concentrations.
Vitamin D and prostate cancer - ScienceDirect - The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Vitamin D and prostate cancer.
Tuohimaa P, Lyakhovich A, Aksenov N, Pennanen P, Syvälä H, Lou YR, Ahonen M, Hasan T, Pasanen P, Bläuer M, Manninen T, Miettinen S, Vilja P, Ylikomi T.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2001 Jan-Mar;76(1-5):125-34.
PMID: 11384870
doi:10.1016/S0960-0760(00)00141-2
Calcidiol and prostate cancer - ScienceDirect - The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Calcidiol and prostate cancer.
Tuohimaa P, Golovko O, Kalueff A, Nazarova N, Qiao S, Syvälä H, Talonpoika R, Lou YR.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 Feb;93(2-5):183-90. Epub 2005 Jan 22. Review.
PMID: 15860261
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