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Concentrations of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in raw and cooked New Zealand beef and lamb.
Roger Purchas, Maggie Zoua, Philip Pearcea and Felicity Jackson-
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
Volume 20, Issue 2, March 2007, Pages 90-98

For lamb, the highest levels of vitamin D3 were in the shoulder chop both before and after cooking, while levels were lowest in the rack muscle. Similar cut differences were shown for 25OHD3 concentrations. For beef there were no significant differences between the cuts for vitamin D3, but concentrations of 25OHD3 were lower in the striploin before and after cooking, Vitamin D3 levels tended to be higher in beef cuts than in lamb cuts, but the opposite held for 25OHD3. Concentrations of vitamin D3 were similar to those in other reports, but the 25OHD3 levels were at the high end of reported ranges. With 25OHD3 being more potent than vitamin D3, it is concluded that meat can make a useful contribution of this vitamin to the human diet.

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2007 March study research in_vitro vitamin_D vitamin_D3 25ohd calcidiol content concentrations raw cooked New_Zealand beef lamb meat nutrition cuts food

Vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in raw and cooked pork cuts.
Ina Clausen, Jette Jakobsen, Torben Leth and Lars Ovesen.
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
Volume 16, Issue 5, October 2003, Pages 575-585
doi:10.1016/S0889-1575(03)00064-4

Meat 25OHD3 contributes significantly to vitamin D activity. Food databases should include concentrations of both vitamin D and 25OHD.

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2003 October study research in_vitro vitamin_D vitamin_D3 25ohd calcidiol content raw cooked pork cuts meat nutrition food

"Numerous studies link Vitamin D and influenza, as well as Vitamin D and respiratory infections more generally. This vitamin up-regulates genetic expression of various endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMP), which exhibit broad-spectrum microbicidal activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Reports discussed below indicate that susceptibility to influenza is reduced with higher levels of sun exposure or vitamin D supplementation. Seasonal variation of vitamin D levels in humans can help explain the seasonality of flu epidemics."

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vitamin_D influenza info reference wikipedia endogenous antimicrobial peptides peptide AMP season seasonal variation 25ohd nutrition levels status calcidiol

Vitamin D and aging.
Tuohimaa P.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2009 Mar;114(1-2):78-84. Review.
PMID: 19444937

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...19444937 - Preview

2009 March Tuohimaa study review in_vivo mice vitamin_D aging premature 25ohd calcidiol hypervitaminosis_D telomere telomeres telomerase nutrition medline

25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of mortality in the general population.
Melamed ML, Michos ED, Post W, Astor B.
Arch Intern Med. 2008 Aug 11;168(15):1629-37.
PMID: 18695076

Conclusion The lowest quartile of 25(OH)D level (<17.8 ng/mL) is independently associated with all-cause mortality in the general population.

archinte.ama-assn.org/...1629 - Preview

2008 August archinte study research epidemiological humans 25ohd calcidiol vitamin_D levels status mortality all-cause all-causes total nutrition medline

"A recent article in the New York Times highlighted an ongoing problem with the accuracy of vitamin D testing at the largest commercial clinical laboratory, Quest Diagnostics. It has become clear from shared experience among vitamin D experts, including myself, that Quest Diagnostics has a problem with seemingly random over-estimation of vitamin D levels."

www.thevitamindcure.com/blog - Preview

2009 January thevitamindcure Vitamin_D Cure Vitamin_D_Cure blog_article James Dowd 25ohd calcidiol Testing Errors test tests measurement measuring nutrition

African Americans, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and osteoporosis: a paradox.
Aloia JF.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Aug;88(2):545S-550S. Review.
PMID: 18689399

African Americans have lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and a lower risk of fragility fractures than do other populations. I review the evidence on factors other than vitamin D that might explain this paradox and the calcium economy in different life stages.

www.ajcn.org/...545S - Preview

2008 August ajcn study review Aloia African Americans black humans 25ohd calcidiol vitamin_D status osteoporosis bone health paradox fractures nutrition fracture risk medline blacks African_Americans skin color

Measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a clinical environment: challenges and needs.
Hollis BW.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Aug;88(2):507S-510S. Review.
PMID: 18689391

In this article, I provide an overview of the techniques available for measuring 25(OH)D, compare these techniques with one another, and assess their clinical utility. I also briefly discuss the stability of 25(OH)D in biological media and present an overview of the Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme.

www.ajcn.org/...507S - Preview

2008 August ajcn study review measuring measurement test testing 25ohd calcidiol vitamin_D Hollis clinical environment DiaSorin RIA HPLC LC-MS nutrition

Plasma calcidiol, season, and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations in healthy elderly men and women.
Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Dallal GE.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1):67-71.
PMID: 8988915

Plasma calcidiol and serum PTH concentrations were inversely related, with PTH rising slowly as calcidiol concentrations declined below 110 nmol/L (95 CI: 60, 168 nmol/L). More than 90% of the men and women had calcidiol concentrations below this value in the wintertime. The high prevalence of lower wintertime calcidiol values may increase risk of bone loss in elderly men and women.

www.ajcn.org/67 - Preview

1997 January ajcn study research epidemiological humans Dawson-Hughes vitamin_D calcidiol 25ohd PTH low_levels deficiency prevalence winter bone loss osteoporosis nutition medline elderly old older season

Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and risk of incident ovarian cancer.
Tworoger SS, Lee IM, Buring JE, Rosner B, Hollis BW, Hankinson SE.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 Apr;16(4):783-8.
PMID: 17416771
doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0981

Overall, our results do not suggest that plasma vitamin D levels are associated with risk of ovarian cancer. However, we observed significant associations in some subgroups, which should be evaluated further in other studies because increasing vitamin D intake is an easy preventive measure to adopt.

cebp.aacrjournals.org/...783.full - Preview

2007 April cebp study research epidemiological humans women 25ohd 1.25(OH)2D calcitriol calcidiol vitamin_D risk incident ovarian cancer ovarian_cancer nutrition Hollis

Vitamin D, nervous system and aging.
Tuohimaa P, Keisala T, Minasyan A, Cachat J, Kalueff A.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19660871

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2009 August study review humans Tuohimaa vitamin_D 25ohd calcidiol calcitriol premature aging nervous system neurodegeneration chronic diseases nutrition U-shaped risk U-shape medline

Calcidiol and prostate cancer.
Tuohimaa P, Golovko O, Kalueff A, Nazarova N, Qiao S, Syvälä H, Talonpoika R, Lou YR.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 Feb;93(2-5):183-90. Epub 2005 Jan 22. Review.
PMID: 15860261

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2005 February study review humans Tuohimaa calcidiol 25ohd vitamin_D prostate cancer prostate_cancer PCa 24-Hydroxylase active hormone nutrition medline

Vitamin D fortification of milk products does not resolve hypovitaminosis D in young Finnish men.
Välimäki VV, Löyttyniemi E, Välimäki MJ.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Apr;61(4):493-7. Epub 2006 Nov 29.
PMID: 17136043
doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602550

www.nature.com/...1602550a.html - Preview

2007 April ejcn bone mass young men milk fortification insufficiency deficiency status medline peer-reviewed nutrition medicine science research study osteoporosis hypovitaminosis 25ohd calcidiol finnish Finland vitamin_D Välimäki

Low vitamin d levels predict stroke in patients referred to coronary angiography.
Pilz S, Dobnig H, Fischer JE, Wellnitz B, Seelhorst U, Boehm BO, März W.
Stroke. 2008 Sep;39(9):2611-3. Epub 2008 Jul 17.
PMID: 18635847
doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.513655

Conclusions— Low levels of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D are independently predictive for fatal strokes, suggesting that vitamin D supplementation is a promising approach in the prevention of strokes.

stroke.ahajournals.org/...2611 - Preview

2008 September study research epidemiological humans patients vitamin_D 25ohd calcidiol calcitriol low_levels deficiency fatal stroke CVD risk prevention nutrition medline

Independent association of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
Dobnig H, Pilz S, Scharnagl H, Renner W, Seelhorst U, Wellnitz B, Kinkeldei J, Boehm BO, Weihrauch G, Maerz W.
Arch Intern Med. 2008 Jun 23;168(12):1340-9.
PMID: 18574092

Conclusions Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels are independently associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. A causal relationship has yet to be proved by intervention trials using vitamin D.

archinte.ama-assn.org/...1340 - Preview

2008 June study research epidemiological vitamin_D 25ohd calcidiol calcitriol all-cause all-causes cardiovascular mortality CVD nutrition medline deficiency low_levels

25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is an active hormone in human primary prostatic stromal cells.
Lou YR, Laaksi I, Syvälä H, Bläuer M, Tammela TL, Ylikomi T, Tuohimaa P.
FASEB J. 2004 Feb;18(2):332-4. Epub 2003 Dec 4.
PMID: 14657005

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2004 February study research in_vitro vitamin_D 25ohd calcidiol active hormone prostatic stromal cells prostate Tuohimaa nutrition medline

Pharmacokinetics of a single, large dose of cholecalciferol.
Ilahi M, Armas LA, Heaney RP.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Mar;87(3):688-91.
PMID: 1832660

Conclusions: Cholecalciferol (100 000 IU) is a safe, effective, and simple way to increase calcidiol concentrations. The dosing interval should be ≤2 mo to ensure continuous serum calcidiol concentrations above baseline.

Our study highlights that 100 000 IU cholecalciferol is a safe, efficient, and cost-effective means to increase calcidiol concentrations in the elderly. From this study we can safely recommend 100 000 IU cholecalciferol dosed every 2 mo in persons with moderate baseline calcidiol concentrations. However, in those persons with baseline calcidiol concentrations < 20 ng/mL, even this large dose will not adequately raise their calcidiol concentrations.

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2008 March ajcn study clinical_trial humans vitamin_D vitamin_D3 single large dose high-dose oral supplementation pharmacokinetics 25ohd Heaney calcidiol nutrition medline calcium dosage dosing

Estimation of the dietary requirement for vitamin D in healthy adults.
Cashman KD, Hill TR, Lucey AJ, Taylor N, Seamans KM, Muldowney S, Fitzgerald AP, Flynn A, Barnes MS, Horigan G, Bonham MP, Duffy EM, Strain JJ, Wallace JM, Kiely M.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Dec;88(6):1535-42.
PMID: 19064513
doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.27334

Results: There were clear dose-related increments (P < 0.0001) in serum 25(OH)D with increasing supplemental vitamin D3. The slope of the relation between vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D was 1.96 nmol·L–1·µg–1 intake. The vitamin D intake that maintained serum 25(OH)D concentrations of >25 nmol/L in 97.5% of the sample was 8.7 µg/d. This intake ranged from 7.2 µg/d in those who enjoyed sunshine exposure, 8.8 µg/d in those who sometimes had sun exposure, and 12.3 µg/d in those who avoided sunshine. Vitamin D intakes required to maintain serum 25(OH)D concentrations of >37.5, >50, and >80 nmol/L in 97.5% of the sample were 19.9, 28.0, and 41.1 µg/d, respectively

Conclusion: The range of vitamin D intakes required to ensure maintenance of wintertime vitamin D status [as defined by incremental cutoffs of serum 25(OH)D] in the vast majority (>97.5%) of 20–40-y-old adults, considering a variety of sun exposure preferences, is between 7.2 and 41.1 µg/d.

www.ajcn.org/...1535 - Preview

2008 December ajcn study research clinical_trial rct humans vitamin_D dietary requirement requirements nutrition dose-response dosage dosing medline wintertime winter 25ohd calcidiol

Circulating vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in humans: An important tool to define adequate nutritional vitamin D status.
Hollis BW, Wagner CL, Drezner MK, Binkley NC.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Mar;103(3-5):631-4. Epub 2007 Jan 10.
PMID: 17218096

In the present study, we sought to investigate what circulating 25(OH)D levels would result in populations exhibiting no substrate limitations to the vitamin D-25-hydroxylase. To perform this, we chose two distinct populations. The first were individuals from a year-found sunny environment who spent a good deal of time outdoors. The second were a group of lactating women receiving a substantial daily oral dose of vitamin D3. Surprisingly, a study such as this previously had not been undertaken. There are several reasons for this. First, finding a group of sun-exposed individuals is not an easy task; in fact, we had to go to Hawaii to find them. Secondly, very few studies have been performed where subjects actually received adequate vitamin D3 supplementation to make them replete. Finally, it is very difficult and costly to measure circulating vitamin D3 and relate it to circulating 25(OH)D. The results of our study are far-reaching.

This study also demonstrates that individuals can be vitamin D deficient with significant sun exposure if the skin area exposed is limited as was suggested several years ago (19). Finally, whether one receives their vitamin D3 orally or through UV exposure, the vitamin D-25-hydroxylase appears to handle it in an equivalent fashion with respect to maintaining circulating 25(OH)D levels. Thus, we believe that the relationship between circulating vitamin D and 25(OH)D may define adequate nutritional vitamin D status.

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2007 March study Hollis research clinical_trial rct humans 25ohd calcidiol vitamin_D UVB sunlight exposure sunlight_exposure supplementation nutrition Wagner medline

Vitamin D: a D-Lightful health perspective.
Holick MF.
Nutr Rev. 2008 Oct;66(10 Suppl 2):S182-94. Review.
PMID: 18844847
DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00104.x

Sunlight provides most humans with their vitamin D requirement. Adequate vitamin D(3) by synthesis in the skin or from dietary and supplemental sources is essential for bone health throughout life. Vitamin D deficiency is defined as a 25(OH)D concentration <20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L); vitamin D sufficiency as a 25(OH)D >30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L), and insufficiency as 21-29 ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency has been linked to a wide variety of chronic diseases including common cancers, autoimmune, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases. Healthcare professionals need to be aware of the vitamin D deficiency pandemic. Guidelines for sensible sun exposure and supplemental vitamin D of 800-1000 IU/day are needed.

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2008 October study review Holick humans vitamin_D 25ohd calcidiol CVD sunlight UVB nutrition medline