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"[Vitamin K and Bone Update. The biological effects of vitamin K(2) on bone quality.] - [Clin Calcium. 2009] - PubMed result
"[Vitamin K and Bone Update. The biological effects of vitamin K(2) on bone quality.]
Amizuka N, Li M, Guo Y, Liu Z, Suzuki R, Yamamoto T.
Clin Calcium. 2009 Dec;19(12):1788-96. Japanese.
PMID: 19949270
Post-transcriptional maturation with the presence of vitamin K(2) promotesgamma-carboxylation of osteocalcin, enabling further binding to hydroxyapatite, from which one could infer that vitamin K(2) increased the quality of bone matrix. For instance, vitamin K(2) rescued the impaired collagen mineralization caused by Mg insufficiency, by promoting a re-association of the process of collagen mineralization with mineralized nodules. Sodium warfarin, which antagonizes the function of vitamin K(2), reduced the binding of osteocalcin to bone matrices, and consequently resulted in crystalline particles being dispersed throughout the osteoid without forming mineralized nodules. Therefore,gamma-carboxylated Gla proteins mediated by vitamin K(2) appear to play a pivotal role in normal mineralization in bone."
Is a lower dose of vitamin D supplementation enough to increase 25(OH)D status in a sunny country? - Eur J Nutr. 2009 Nov 28. - SpringerLink - Journal Article
Is a lower dose of vitamin D supplementation enough to increase 25(OH)D status in a sunny country?
Pignotti GA, Genaro PS, Pinheiro MM, Szejnfeld VL, Martini LA.
Eur J Nutr. 2009 Nov 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19946776
CONCLUSION: The dose given (400 IU/day) was not enough to achieve 25(OH)D concentration, considered optimal for bone health.
More Good News About Vitamin D | Print Article | Newsweek.com
"For more than 80 years, scientists have known that vitamin D is important for building bones. And for most of those 80 years, people thought this was the only thing it was good for. In the past decade, however, we've learned two important things about vitamin D: it appears to have many other important health effects, and many Americans don't get enough of it. In 2008, new research pointed to a vitamin D deficiency as a possible contributing factor in heart disease. And the suspected link between vitamin D deficiency and cancer grew even stronger. This surely will spur much new research in 2009.
Why is vitamin D deficiency so common? The vitamin is made in our skin when sunlight strikes it. Many Americans—especially those who live in the northern part of the country, are elderly or have dark skin—don't soak up enough sun. And the vitamin isn't found in many foods. The main sources are fatty fish (such as salmon, mackerel, herring and sardines) and milk, cereal and juices that have been fortified with it. Vitamin D deficiency often is unsuspected because it causes no direct symptoms; like high blood pressure, it does its damage silently."
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with worse cognitive performance and lower bone density in older African Americans. - [J Natl Med Assoc. 2009] - PubMed result
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with worse cognitive performance and lower bone density in older African Americans.
Wilkins CH, Birge SJ, Sheline YI, Morris JC.
J Natl Med Assoc. 2009 Apr;101(4):349-54.
PMID: 19397226
CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency in older African Americans was associated with worse cognitive performance and lower BMD of the hip
Effects Of Vitamin D Deficiency Amplified By Shortage Of Estrogen
"Researchers at Johns Hopkins are reporting what is believed to be the first conclusive evidence in men that the long-term ill effects of vitamin D deficiency are amplified by lower levels of the key sex hormone estrogen, but not testosterone.
In a national study in 1010 men, to be presented Nov. 15 at the American Heart Association's (AHA) annual Scientific Sessions in Orlando, researchers say the new findings build on previous studies showing that deficiencies in vitamin D and low levels of estrogen, found naturally in differing amounts in men and women, were independent risk factors for hardened and narrowed arteries and weakened bones. Vitamin D is an essential part to keeping the body healthy, and can be obtained from fortified foods, such as milk and cereals, and by exposure to sunlight.
A phase 2 trial exploring the effects of high-dose (10,000 IU/day) vitamin D(3) in breast cancer patients with bone metastases. - Cancer. 2009 Nov 13. - Wiley InterScience :: Article :: HTML Full Text
A phase 2 trial exploring the effects of high-dose (10,000 IU/day) vitamin D(3) in breast cancer patients with bone metastases.
Amir E, Simmons CE, Freedman OC, Dranitsaris G, Cole DE, Vieth R, Ooi WS, Clemons M.
Cancer. 2009 Nov 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19918922
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24749
METHODS:
Patients with bone metastases treated with bisphosphonates were enrolled into this single-arm phase 2 study. Patients received 10,000 IU of vitamin D3 and 1000 mg of calcium supplementation each day for 4 months. The effect of this treatment on palliation, bone resorption markers, calcium metabolism, and toxicity were evaluated at baseline and monthly thereafter.
CONCLUSIONS:
Daily doses of 10,000 IU vitamin D3 for 4 months appear safe in patients without comorbid conditions causing hypersensitivity to vitamin D. Treatment reduced inappropriately elevated parathyroid hormone levels, presumably caused by long-term bisphosphonate use. There did not appear to be a significant palliative benefit nor any significant change in bone resorption. Cancer 2010. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Dietary protein and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis -- Darling et al. 90 (6): 1674 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Dietary protein and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Darling AL, Millward DJ, Torgerson DJ, Hewitt CE, Lanham-New SA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19889822
Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D in relation to bone health. - [Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2007] - PubMed result
Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D in relation to bone health.
Cranney A, Horsley T, O'Donnell S, Weiler H, Puil L, Ooi D, Atkinson S, Ward L, Moher D, Hanley D, Fang M, Yazdi F, Garritty C, Sampson M, Barrowman N, Tsertsvadze A, Mamaladze V.
Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2007 Aug;(158):1-235. Review.
PMID: 18088161
Defining Adequate Vitamin D Intake : Cross-sectional and Intervention Studies
Defining Adequate Vitamin D Intake : Cross-sectional and Intervention Studies
Viljakainen, Heli Tuulikki
University of Helsinki
2008-05-23
Doctoral dissertation (article-based)
In summary, vitamin D intake remains inadequate among the target groups of this thesis, as reflected by seasonal variation in calcitropic hormones and bone metabolism. Dietary intake of vitamin D should be increased to achieve at least an adequate vitamin D status (S-25-OHD>50 nmol/l) and possibly an optimal vitamin D status (S-25-OHD>80 nmol/l) throughout the year. This could be accomplished by introducing new vitamin D-fortified foods to the market.
Coeliac bone loss link uncovered - BBC NEWS | Health
"People with coeliac disease may be more susceptible to osteoporosis because their own immune system attacks their bone tissue, a study suggests.
Osteoporosis is a known risk of coeliac disease and has been explained by a failure to absorb calcium or vitamin D. "
African Americans, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and osteoporosis: a paradox -- Aloia 88 (2): 545S -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
African Americans, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and osteoporosis: a paradox.
Aloia JF.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Aug;88(2):545S-550S. Review.
PMID: 18689399
African Americans have lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and a lower risk of fragility fractures than do other populations. I review the evidence on factors other than vitamin D that might explain this paradox and the calcium economy in different life stages.
Aggressive Vitamin D Treatment for Osteoporosis
"May 19, 2008 (Orlando, Florida) — A new study shows that a proactive vitamin D treatment plan should be considered when caring for all osteoporosis patients, and that such treatment might help decrease the likelihood of developing vitamin D deficiency.
Vitamin D deficiency is widespread among patients being treated for osteoporosis, and such deficiency should be treated aggressively, according to the findings presented here at the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 17th Annual Meeting and Clinical Congress."
Plasma calcidiol, season, and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations in healthy elderly men and women -- Dawson-Hughes et al. 65 (1): 67 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (full text PDF)
Plasma calcidiol, season, and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations in healthy elderly men and women.
Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Dallal GE.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1):67-71.
PMID: 8988915
Plasma calcidiol and serum PTH concentrations were inversely related, with PTH rising slowly as calcidiol concentrations declined below 110 nmol/L (95 CI: 60, 168 nmol/L). More than 90% of the men and women had calcidiol concentrations below this value in the wintertime. The high prevalence of lower wintertime calcidiol values may increase risk of bone loss in elderly men and women.
Birth and Death of Bone Cells: Basic Regulatory Mechanisms and Implications for the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Osteoporosis -- Manolagas 21 (2): 115 -- Endocrine Reviews
Birth and death of bone cells: basic regulatory mechanisms and implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis.
Manolagas SC.
Endocr Rev. 2000 Apr;21(2):115-37. Review.
PMID: 10782361
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in vitamin D-insufficient hip fracture patients after supplementation with ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in vitamin D-insufficient hip fracture patients after supplementation with ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol.
Glendenning P, Chew GT, Seymour HM, Gillett MJ, Goldswain PR, Inderjeeth CA, Vasikaran SD, Taranto M, Musk AA, Fraser WD.
Bone. 2009 Nov;45(5):870-5. Epub 2009 Jul 23.
PMID: 19631774
doi:10.1016/j.bone.2009.07.015
Cholecalciferol supplementation resulted in a 31% greater increase in total HPLC-measured 25OHD (p=0.010) and 52% greater rise in RIA-measured 25OHD (p<0.001) than supplementation with an equivalent dose of ergocalciferol. Changes in iPTH and wPTH were not significantly different between calciferol treatments (p>0.05). In vitamin D-insufficient hip fracture patients, supplementation with cholecalciferol 1000 IU/day for three months was more effective in increasing serum 25OHD than an equivalent dose of ergocalciferol. However, the lack of difference in PTH lowering between calciferol treatments raises questions about the biological importance of this observation.
Whole Health Source: Vitamin K2 in Marrow
I'm always on the lookout for foods rich in vitamin K2 MK-4, because it's so important and so rare in the modern food system. I heard some internet rumors that marrow might be rich in fat-soluble vitamins. Google let me down, so I decided to look through the rat studies on K2 MK-4 in which they looked at its tissue distribution.
I found one that looked at the K2 MK-4 content in different tissues of rats fed vitamin K1. Marrow was rich in K2, along with testes. It contains 10-20 times more MK-4 than liver by weight, and more than any of the other organs they tested (serum, liver, spleen, kidney, heart, testes, marrow, brain) except testes. They didn't include values for salivary gland and pancreas, the two richest sources.
Effect of low dose vitamin K2 (MK-4) supplementation on bio-indices in postmenopausal Japanese women. - JNSV : Vol. 55 (2009) , No. 1 pp.15-21 (free full text PDF available)
Effect of low dose vitamin K2 (MK-4) supplementation on bio-indices in postmenopausal Japanese women.
Koitaya N, Ezaki J, Nishimuta M, Yamauchi J, Hashizume E, Morishita K, Miyachi M, Sasaki S, Ishimi Y.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2009 Feb;55(1):15-21.
PMID: 19352059
These results suggest that supplementation with 1.5 mg/d MK-4 accelerated the degree of OC gamma-carboxylation. The concentrations of serum lipids and other indices were not different between the groups at either intervention period. Thus, the additional intake of MK-4 might be beneficial in the maintenance of bone health in postmenopausal Japanese women.
On the Trail of the Elusive X-Factor: Vitamin K2 Revealed
Vitamin K2 is produced by animal tissues, including the mammary glands, from vitamin K1, which occurs in rapidly growing green plants.
A growing body of published research confirms Dr. Price's discoveries, namely that vitamin K2 is important for the utilization of minerals, protects against tooth decay, supports growth and development, is involved in normal reproduction, protects against calcification of the arteries leading to heart disease, and is a major component of the brain.
Vitamin K2 works synergistically with the two other "fat-soluble activators" that Price studied, vitamins A and D. Vitamins A and D signal to the cells to produce certain proteins and vitamin K then activates these proteins.
Vitamin K2 plays a crucial role in the development of the facial bones, and its presence in the diets of nonindustrialized peoples explains the wide facial structure and freedom from dental deformities that Weston Price observe
Effectiveness and Safety of Vitamin D in Relation to Bone Health (full text)
Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D in relation to bone health.
Cranney A, Horsley T, O'Donnell S, Weiler H, Puil L, Ooi D, Atkinson S, Ward L, Moher D, Hanley D, Fang M, Yazdi F, Garritty C, Sampson M, Barrowman N, Tsertsvadze A, Mamaladze V.
Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2007 Aug;(158):1-235. Review.
PMID: 18088161
CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the need for additional high quality studies in infants, children, premenopausal women, and diverse racial or ethnic groups. There was fair evidence from studies of an association between circulating 25(OH)D concentrations with some bone health outcomes (established rickets, PTH, falls, BMD). However, the evidence for an association was inconsistent for other outcomes (e.g., BMC in infants and fractures in adults). It was difficult to define specific thresholds of circulating 25(OH)D for optimal bone health due to the imprecision of different 25(OH)D assays. Standard reference preparations are needed so that serum 25(OH)D can be accurately and reliably measured, and validated. In most trials, the effects of vitamin D and calcium could not be separated. Vitamin D(3) (>700 IU/day) with calcium supplementation compared to placebo has a small beneficial effect on BMD, and reduces the risk of fractures and falls although benefit may be confined to specific subgroups. Vitamin D intake above current dietary reference intakes was not reported to be associated with an increased risk of adverse events. However, most trials of higher doses of vitamin D were not adequately designed to assess long-term harms.
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