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Research has uncovered the fact that vitamin K also plays a crucial role in maintaining bone health. It was found that the amount of vitamin K required to halt bone absorption leading to osteoporosis requires much greater intakes than that required for blood clot regulation. Further, it appears that bone and vascular tissue (like coronary arteries) maintain a preference for a different form of vitamin K than that required for blood clotting regulation. Rather than vitamin K1 needed for clotting, vitamin K2 is the form preferred by bones and arteries (Schurgers LJ et al 2001). It appears that much of the information generated over the years for vitamin K focused on the K1 form, ignoring the K2 form necessary for bone and vascular health.

Normal deposition of calcium occurs only in bone and in teeth. Abnormal deposition of calcium in the body occurs in three places: the inner lining of the arteries of the body (the intima) that causes atherosclerotic plaque; the muscle layer of arteries (“medial calcification”); and heart valves. K2 appears to be the form of vitamin K responsible for controlling these phenomena.

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trackyourplaque info news vitamin_K2 bone health CVD CHD calcification arteries heart valves nutrition

Regression of warfarin-induced medial elastocalcinosis by high intake of vitamin K in rats.
Schurgers LJ, Spronk HM, Soute BA, Schiffers PM, DeMey JG, Vermeer C.
Blood. 2007 Apr 1;109(7):2823-31.
PMID: 17138823
DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-07-035345.

This is the first study in rats demonstrating that AC and the resulting decreased arterial distensibility are reversible by high-VK intakenstrating that AC and the resulting decreased arterial distensibility are reversible by high-VK intake

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2007 April Blood study research in_vivo animal_study arterial_calcification arterial calcification Matrix Gla protein MGP vitamin_K vitamin_K2 vitamin_K1 reversible reversed reversal warfarin nutrition medline regression warfarin-induced arteries CVD CHD

Coronary calcium as a predictor of coronary events in four racial or ethnic groups.
Detrano R, Guerci AD, Carr JJ, Bild DE, Burke G, Folsom AR, Liu K, Shea S, Szklo M, Bluemke DA, O'Leary DH, Tracy R, Watson K, Wong ND, Kronmal RA.
N Engl J Med. 2008 Mar 27;358(13):1336-45.
PMID: 18367736

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2008 March NEJM study research epidemiological humans CHD CVD diagnosis diagnostic tool predictor coronary calcium scan scanning scanner heart events heart_scan score calcium_score artery arteries medline ethnicity race scans

"LOS ANGELES (September 29, 2009) -- A simple, non-invasive test appears to be an effective screening tool for identifying patients with silent heart disease who are at risk for a heart attack or sudden death. Coronary artery calcium scans can be done without triggering excessive additional testing and costs, according to the multi-center EISNER (Early Identification of Subclinical Atherosclerosis by Noninvasive Imaging Research) study, led by investigators at the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute. The findings appear in today's issue of the findings appear in today's issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology."

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2009 September news scienceblog blog_article CHD CVD Calcium scans scan screening tool diagnosis diagnostic coronary artery arteries heart attack disease

Increased intake of vitamin C-rich foods may reduce the risk of hardening of the arteries, and ultimately protect against heart disease, says a new study from Norway.\nWriting in the journal Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, researchers from Ulleval University Hospital in Norway report that increased intakes of vitamin C and fruit and berries were associated with less thickening of the carotid artery.

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2009 February news vitamin C vitamin_C vitamin_C--rich_foods foods carotid intima media thickness IMT CIMT artery arteries health CVD CHD atherosclerosis prevention berries fruit nutrition intima-media_thickness

Dietary supplementation with fermented soybeans suppresses intimal thickening.
Suzuki Y, Kondo K, Ichise H, Tsukamoto Y, Urano T, Umemura K.
Nutrition. 2003 Mar;19(3):261-4.
PMID: 12620531

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2003 March study research fermented soybeans soybean natto nattokinase vitamin K vitamin_K vitamin K2 vitamin_K2 MK-7 intimal_thickening CVD arteries intima_media intima media nutiition medline thrombolytic intimal thickening

ScienceDaily (Feb. 11, 2009) - New research from Columbia University Medical Center continues to shed light on the benefits of making fish a staple of any diet.

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2009 February sciencedaily news nutrition health heart diet fish omega-3 CVD benefits aorta fish oil fish_oil lipoprotein lipase lipoprotein_lipase fatty acids fatty_acids omega-3 fatty acids heart health arteries

Zittermann A, Schleithoff SS, Koerfer R. \nVitamin D and vascular calcification.\nCurr Opin Lipidol. 2007 Feb;18(1):41-6. Review.\nPMID: 17218831 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE

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vitamin D vascular calcification artery arterial arteries deficiency insufficiency medicine medline nutrition study zittermann science review peer-reviewed imported delicious vitamin_D

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