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A vitamin D nutritional cornucopia: new insights concerning the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of the US population -- Norman 88 (6): 1455 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
A vitamin D nutritional cornucopia: new insights concerning the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of the US population.
Norman AW.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Dec;88(6):1455-6.
PMID: 19064502
doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.27049
In summary, the report of Looker et al should be required reading for all nutritionists, clinicians, and vitamin D aficionados who are decision makers with regard to 25(OH)D assays, vitamin D nutritional policy, and the care of patients with vitamin D–related diseases.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of the US population: 1988-1994 compared with 2000-2004 -- Looker et al. 88 (6): 1519 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of the US population: 1988-1994 compared with 2000-2004.
Looker AC, Pfeiffer CM, Lacher DA, Schleicher RL, Picciano MF, Yetley EA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Dec;88(6):1519-27.
PMID: 19064511
doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26182
Conclusions: Overall, mean serum 25(OH)D was lower in 2000–2004 than 1988–1994. Assay changes unrelated to changes in vitamin D status accounted for much of the difference in most population groups. In an adult subgroup, combined changes in BMI, milk intake, and sun protection appeared to contribute to a real decline in vitamin D status.
In summary, age-standardized mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations based on observed values were significantly lower in 2000–2004 than in 1988–1994 in all groups examined. Adjustment for assay changes noticeably reduced the difference between surveys. However, mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations remained significantly lower in males (except Mexican Americans) in NHANES 2000–2004 than in NHANES III, even after adjustment for assay differences. This remaining difference likely represents a real decline in vitamin D status. Changes in BMI, milk intake, and sun protection appeared to contribute to this decline in a subgroup of non-Hispanic white adults. The possibility that trends in overweight, sun protection, and milk intake may continue supports the need to continue monitoring the serum 25(OH)D status of the population
Meat, eggs, dairy products, and risk of breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort -- Pala et al. 90 (3): 602 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Meat, eggs, dairy products, and risk of breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.
Pala V, Krogh V, Berrino F, Sieri S, Grioni S, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Jakobsen MU, Overvad K, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Romieu I, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S, Boeing H, Steffen A, Trichopoulou A, Benetou V, Naska A, Vineis P, Tumino R, Panico S, Masala G, Agnoli C, Engeset D, Skeie G, Lund E, Ardanaz E, Navarro C, Sánchez MJ, Amiano P, Svatetz CA, Rodriguez L, Wirfält E, Manjer J, Lenner P, Hallmans G, Peeters PH, van Gils CH, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, van Duijnhoven FJ, Key TJ, Spencer E, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Ferrari P, Byrnes G, Rinaldi S, Norat T, Michaud DS, Riboli E.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Sep;90(3):602-12. Epub 2009 Jun 2.
PMID: 19491385
doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.27173
Conclusions: We have not consistently identified intakes of meat, eggs, or dairy products as risk factors for breast cancer. Future studies should investigate the possible role of high-temperature cooking in the relation of red meat intake with breast cancer risk.
Egg consumption, serum cholesterol, and cause-specific and all-cause mortality: the National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-communicable Disease and Its Trends in the Aged, 1980 (NIPPON DATA80) -- Nakamura et al. 80 (1): 58 -- Ameri
Egg consumption, serum cholesterol, and cause-specific and all-cause mortality: the National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-communicable Disease and Its Trends in the Aged, 1980 (NIPPON DATA80).
Nakamura Y, Okamura T, Tamaki S, Kadowaki T, Hayakawa T, Kita Y, Okayama A, Ueshima H; NIPPON DATA80 Research Group.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jul;80(1):58-63.
PMID: 15213028
Results: The subjects were categorized into 5 egg consumption groups on the basis of their responses to a questionnaire (≥2/d, 1/d, 1/2 d, 1–2/wk, and seldom). There were 69, 1396, 1667, 1742, and 315 women in each of the 5 groups, respectively. Age-adjusted total cholesterol (5.21, 5.04, 4.95, 4.91, and 4.92 mmol/L in the 5 egg consumption categories, respectively) was related to egg consumption (P < 0.0001, analysis of covariance). In women, unadjusted IHD mortality and all-cause mortality differed significantly between the groups [IHD mortality: 1.1, 0.5, 0.4, 0.5, and 2.0 per 1000 person-years, respectively (P = 0.008, chi-square test); all-cause mortality: 14.8, 8.0, 7.5, 7.5, and 14.5 per 1000 person-years, respectively (P < 0.0001, chi-square test)]. In men, egg consumption was not related to age-adjusted total cholesterol. Cox analysis found that, in women, all-cause mortality in the 1–2-eggs/wk group was significantly lower than that in the 1-egg/d group, whereas no such relations were noted in men.
Conclusion: Limiting egg consumption may have some health benefits, at least in women in geographic areas where egg consumption makes a relatively large contribution to total dietary cholesterol intake.
Egg consumption in relation to cardiovascular disease and mortality: the story gets more complex -- Eckel 87 (4): 799 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Egg consumption in relation to cardiovascular disease and mortality: the story gets more complex.
Eckel RH.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Apr;87(4):799-800.
PMID: 1840069
Egg consumption in relation to cardiovascular disease and mortality: the Physicians' Health Study -- Djoussé and Gaziano 87 (4): 964 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Egg consumption in relation to cardiovascular disease and mortality: the Physicians' Health Study.
Djoussé L, Gaziano JM.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Apr;87(4):964-9.
PMID: 18400720
Results: In an average follow-up of 20 y, 1550 new myocardial infarctions (MIs), 1342 incident strokes, and 5169 deaths occurred. Egg consumption was not associated with incident MI or stroke in a multivariate Cox regression. In contrast, adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for mortality were 1.0 (reference), 0.94 (0.87, 1.02), 1.03 (0.95, 1.11), 1.05 (0.93, 1.19), and 1.23 (1.11, 1.36) for the consumption of <1, 1, 2–4, 5–6, and ≥7 eggs/wk, respectively (P for trend < 0.0001). This association was stronger among diabetic subjects, in whom the risk of death in a comparison of the highest with the lowest category of egg consumption was twofold (hazard ratio: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.20; P for interaction = 0.09).
Conclusions: Infrequent egg consumption does not seem to influence the risk of CVD in male physicians. In addition, egg consumption was positively related to mortality, more strongly so in diabetic subjects, in the study population.
Metabolic effects of conjugated linoleic acid in humans: the Swedish experience -- Risérus et al. 79 (6): 1146S -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Metabolic effects of conjugated linoleic acid in humans: the Swedish
experience.
Riserus U, Smedman A, Basu S, Vessby B.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jun;79(6 Suppl):1146S-1148S.
PMID: 15159248
CONCLUSIONS
CLA and specifically the isolated isomers are interesting model fatty acids for studies of the effects of (structural differences of) unsaturated fatty acids in humans. Today, there is no clear indication for human use of CLA concentrates. The possible importance of the small reduction of body fat after supplementation with the commercially available CLA products, without evidence of an associated improvement in the metabolic profile, has to be weighed against the apparent reduction of HDL cholesterol and an increased lipid peroxidation. The possible health consequences of prolonged treatment periods are at present unknown. Human supplementation with high doses of the trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomer should be avoided while awaiting further information on possible effects and side effects. However, it cannot be excluded that future studies could point to clinical applications, eg, as a result of antitumorigenic properties or as a tool to prevent weight gain. This possibility certainly requires more research to increase the understanding of the mechanisms behind the effects of CLA and specific CLA isomers on a molecular level. More controlled studies in defined populations are needed, as are controlled studies for comparisons of the effects of different and well-defined (mixtures of) isomers and human studies of longer duration to secure long-term effects and safety
Effects of cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on insulin sensitivity, lipid peroxidation, and proinflammatory markers in obese men -- Risérus et al. 80 (2): 279 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Effects of cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on insulin sensitivity, lipid peroxidation, and proinflammatory markers in obese men.
Riserus U, Vessby B, Arnlov J, Basu S.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Aug;80(2):279-83.
PMID: 15277146
CONCLUSIONS: A CLA preparation containing the purified c9,t11 CLA isomer increased insulin resistance and lipid peroxidation compared with placebo in obese men. Because c9,t11 CLA occurs in commercial supplements as well as in the diet, the present results should be confirmed in larger studies that also include women.
Opposing effects of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on blood lipids in healthy humans -- Tricon et al. 80 (3): 614 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Opposing effects of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on blood lipids in healthy humans.
Tricon S, Burdge GC, Kew S, Banerjee T, Russell JJ, Jones EL, Grimble RF, Williams CM, Yaqoob P, Calder PC.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Sep;80(3):614-20.
PMID: 15321800
Conclusion: Divergent effects of cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans-10,cis-12 CLA appear on the blood lipid profile in healthy humans: trans-10,cis-12 CLA increases LDL:HDL cholesterol and total:HDL cholesterol, whereas cis-9,trans-11 CLA decreases them.
Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y does not prevent weight or body fat regain -- Larsen et al. 83 (3): 606 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y does not prevent weight or body fat regain.
Larsen TM, Toubro S, Gudmundsen O, Astrup A.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Mar;83(3):606-12.
PMID: 16522907
CONCLUSION: A 3.4-g daily CLA supplementation for 1 y does not prevent weight or fat mass regain in a healthy obese population.
Effects of dairy products naturally enriched with cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid on the blood lipid profile in healthy middle-aged men -- Tricon et al. 83 (4): 744 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Effects of dairy products naturally enriched with cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid on the blood lipid profile in healthy middle-aged men.
Tricon S, Burdge GC, Jones EL, Russell JJ, El-Khazen S, Moretti E, Hall WL, Gerry AB, Leake DS, Grimble RF, Williams CM, Calder PC, Yaqoob P.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Apr;83(4):744-53.
PMID: 16600923
CONCLUSION: Dairy products naturally enriched with cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans-11 18:1 do not appear to have a significant effect on the blood lipid profile
Plant-animal subsistence ratios and macronutrient energy estimations in worldwide hunter-gatherer diets -- Cordain et al. 71 (3): 682 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Plant-animal subsistence ratios and macronutrient energy estimations in worldwide hunter-gatherer diets.
Cordain L, Miller JB, Eaton SB, Mann N, Holt SH, Speth JD.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Mar;71(3):682-92.
PMID: 10702160
Our analysis showed that whenever and wherever it was ecologically possible, hunter-gatherers consumed high amounts (45-65% of energy) of animal food. Most (73%) of the worldwide hunter-gatherer societies derived >50% (> or =56-65% of energy) of their subsistence from animal foods, whereas only 14% of these societies derived >50% (> or =56-65% of energy) of their subsistence from gathered plant foods. This high reliance on animal-based foods coupled with the relatively low carbohydrate content of wild plant foods produces universally characteristic macronutrient consumption ratios in which protein is elevated (19-35% of energy) at the expense of carbohydrates (22-40% of energy).
Dietary protein and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis -- Darling et al. 90 (6): 1674 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Dietary protein and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Darling AL, Millward DJ, Torgerson DJ, Hewitt CE, Lanham-New SA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19889822
Safety of vitamin D3 in adults with multiple sclerosis -- Kimball et al. 86 (3): 645 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Safety of vitamin D3 in adults with multiple sclerosis.
Kimball SM, Ursell MR, O'Connor P, Vieth R.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Sep;86(3):645-51.
PMID: 17823429
Conclusions: Patients' serum 25(OH)D concentrations reached twice the top of the physiologic range without eliciting hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria. The data support the feasibility of pharmacologic doses of vitamin D3 for clinical research, and they provide objective evidence that vitamin D intake beyond the current upper limit is safe by a large margin.
Effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on depressed mood: systematic review of published trials -- Appleton et al. 84 (6): 1308 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on depressed mood: systematic review of published trials.
Appleton KM, Hayward RC, Gunnell D, Peters TJ, Rogers PJ, Kessler D, Ness AR.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Dec;84(6):1308-16. Review.
PMID: 17158410
Conclusions: Trial evidence that examines the effects of n–3 PUFAs on depressed mood is limited and is difficult to summarize and evaluate because of considerable heterogeneity. The evidence available provides little support for the use of n–3 PUFAs to improve depressed mood. Larger trials with adequate power to detect clinically important benefits are required.
Higher serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with longer leukocyte telomere length in women -- Richards et al. 86 (5): 1420 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Higher serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with longer leukocyte telomere length in women.
Richards JB, Valdes AM, Gardner JP, Paximadas D, Kimura M, Nessa A, Lu X, Surdulescu GL, Swaminathan R, Spector TD, Aviv A.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Nov;86(5):1420-5.
PMID: 17991655
African Americans, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and osteoporosis: a paradox -- Aloia 88 (2): 545S -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
African Americans, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and osteoporosis: a paradox.
Aloia JF.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Aug;88(2):545S-550S. Review.
PMID: 18689399
African Americans have lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and a lower risk of fragility fractures than do other populations. I review the evidence on factors other than vitamin D that might explain this paradox and the calcium economy in different life stages.
Measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a clinical environment: challenges and needs -- Hollis 88 (2): 507S -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a clinical environment: challenges and needs.
Hollis BW.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Aug;88(2):507S-510S. Review.
PMID: 18689391
In this article, I provide an overview of the techniques available for measuring 25(OH)D, compare these techniques with one another, and assess their clinical utility. I also briefly discuss the stability of 25(OH)D in biological media and present an overview of the Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme.
Effects of chili consumption on postprandial glucose, insulin, and energy metabolism -- Ahuja et al. 84 (1): 63 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Effects of chili consumption on postprandial glucose, insulin, and energy metabolism.
Ahuja KD, Robertson IK, Geraghty DP, Ball MJ.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jul;84(1):63-9.
PMID: 16825682
CONCLUSION: Regular consumption of chili may attenuate postprandial hyperinsulinemia
Plasma calcidiol, season, and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations in healthy elderly men and women -- Dawson-Hughes et al. 65 (1): 67 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (full text PDF)
Plasma calcidiol, season, and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations in healthy elderly men and women.
Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Dallal GE.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1):67-71.
PMID: 8988915
Plasma calcidiol and serum PTH concentrations were inversely related, with PTH rising slowly as calcidiol concentrations declined below 110 nmol/L (95 CI: 60, 168 nmol/L). More than 90% of the men and women had calcidiol concentrations below this value in the wintertime. The high prevalence of lower wintertime calcidiol values may increase risk of bone loss in elderly men and women.
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