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NephroPal: Summer vs Winter Mode: Explaining AMPK
"Summer vs Winter Mode: Explaining AMPK
Last year I read an article which made a statement that has not left my mind. The statement went as follows: "You are only good as your mitochondria." In fact, the more a dwell into the details of human metabolism, the more I sense that this is true - especially with the metabolic syndrome.
For those who are not familiar with the concept of mitochondria, they are the tiny energy factories within the cells that produce cellular energy through aerobic means (meaning oxygen). Mitochondria utilize oxygen to ultimately produce Adenosine Triphosphate or simply ATP. ATP relays energy by donating a phosphate bond resulting in Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP). Another phosphate release would entail Adenosine Monophosphate or AMP. ATP is one of the main sources of cellular energy in the body."
Tissue Phylloquinone and Menaquinones in Rats Are Affected by Age and Gender -- Huber et al. 129 (5): 1039 -- Journal of Nutrition
Tissue phylloquinone and menaquinones in rats are affected by age and gender.
Huber AM, Davidson KW, O'Brien-Morse ME, Sadowski JA.
J Nutr. 1999 May;129(5):1039-44.
PMID: 10222397
The results suggest that in extrahepatic tissues, certain menaquinones may be the predominant form of vitamin K. The specific tissue distribution and the general decline of MK-4 and MK-6 in extrahepatic tissues during aging suggest a vitamin K tissue dynamic that is affected not only by diet, but also by gender, age and the specific roles of phylloquinone, MK-4 and MK-6 in metabolism. All of these factors must be taken into account in establishing the nutrient requirement for vitamin K.
Age and Dietary Form of Vitamin K Affect Menaquinone-4 Concentrations in Male Fischer 344 Rats -- Booth et al. 138 (3): 492 -- Journal of Nutrition
Age and dietary form of vitamin K affect menaquinone-4 concentrations in male Fischer 344 rats.
Booth SL, Peterson JW, Smith D, Shea MK, Chamberland J, Crivello N.
J Nutr. 2008 Mar;138(3):492-6.
PMID: 18287355
These data suggest that dihydrophylloquinone, which differs from phylloquinone in its side phytyl chain, is absorbed but its intake results in less MK-4 in certain tissues. Dihydrophylloquinone may be used in models for the study of tissue-specific vitamin K deficiency
Higher serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with longer leukocyte telomere length in women -- Richards et al. 86 (5): 1420 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Higher serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with longer leukocyte telomere length in women.
Richards JB, Valdes AM, Gardner JP, Paximadas D, Kimura M, Nessa A, Lu X, Surdulescu GL, Swaminathan R, Spector TD, Aviv A.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Nov;86(5):1420-5.
PMID: 17991655
Plasma Vitamin D and 25OHD Responses of Young and Old Men to Supplementation with Vitamin D3 -- Harris and Dawson-Hughes 21 (4): 357 -- Journal of the American College of Nutrition
Plasma vitamin D and 25OHD responses of young and old men to supplementation with vitamin D3.
Harris SS, Dawson-Hughes B.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2002 Aug;21(4):357-62.
PMID: 12166534
Conclusions: There appears to be no age-related impairment among men in the absorption or metabolism of 20 µg/day of vitamin D3 taken orally for at least eight weeks.
Life Expectancy by Age, 1850–2004 — Infoplease.com
The expectation of life at a specified age is the average number of years that members of a hypothetical group of people of the same age would continue to live if they were subject throughout the remainder of their lives to the same mortality rate.
25(OH)D Serum Levels Decline With Age Earlier in Women Than in Men and Less Efficiently Prevent Compensatory Hyperparathyroidism in Older Adults -- Maggio et al. 60 (11): 1414 -- Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
25(OH)D Serum levels decline with age earlier in women than in men and less efficiently prevent compensatory hyperparathyroidism in older adults.
Maggio D, Cherubini A, Lauretani F, Russo RC, Bartali B, Pierandrei M, Ruggiero C, Macchiarulo MC, Giorgino R, Minisola S, Ferrucci L.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005 Nov;60(11):1414-9.
PMID: 16339327
Conclusions. These findings suggest that the age-associated fall of serum 25(OH)D starts earlier in women than in men and that higher levels of 25(OH)D are required in older compared to younger persons to avoid the age-associated compensatory hyperparathyroidism.
Age-Related Changes in the 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Versus Parathyroid Hormone Relationship Suggest a Different Reason Why Older Adults Require More Vitamin D -- Vieth et al. 88 (1): 185 -- Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Age-related changes in the 25-hydroxyvitamin D versus parathyroid hormone relationship suggest a different reason why older adults require more vitamin D.
Vieth R, Ladak Y, Walfish PG.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jan;88(1):185-91.
PMID: 12519850
This study shows that all age groups exhibit a high prevalence of 25(OH)D insufficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Older adults are just as efficient in maintaining 25(OH)D, but they need more vitamin D to produce the higher 25(OH)D concentrations required to overcome the hyperparathyroidism associated with their diminishing renal function
Aging decreases the capacity of human skin to produce vitamin D3. - Journal of Clinical Investigation
Aging decreases the capacity of human skin to produce vitamin D3.
MacLaughlin J, Holick MF.
J Clin Invest. 1985 Oct;76(4):1536-8.
PMID: 2997282
doi:10.1172/JCI112134
An evaluation of surgically obtained skin (age range, 8-92 yr) revealed that there is an age-dependent decrease in the epidermal concentrations of provitamin D3 (7-dehydrocholesterol). To ascertain that aging indeed decreased the capacity of human skin to produce vitamin D3, some of the skin samples were exposed to ultraviolet radiation and the content of previtamin D3 was determined in the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis in the young and older subjects was the major site for the formation of previtamin D3, accounting for greater than 80% of the total previtamin D3 that was produced in the skin. A comparison of the amount of previtamin D3 produced in the skin from the 8- and 18-yr-old subjects with the amount produced in the skin from the 77- and 82-yr-old subjects revealed that aging can decrease by greater than twofold the capacity of the skin to produce previtamin D3. Recognition of this difference may be extremely important for the elderly, who infrequently expose a small area of skin to sunlight and who depend on this exposure for their vitamin D nutritional needs.
Vitamin D in the Spotlight; This critical nutrient builds bones, helps fight infection and may protect against some cancers. Do we get enough? - AccessMyLibrary - Promoting library advocacy
For many years, vitamin D was boring--even to doctors. Because it was considered good for bones and not much else, multitaskers like vitamin A, B vitamins and vitamin E hogged all the press. But recent studies have thrust this long-neglected nutrient into the spotlight. Scientists now think vitamin D may affect everything from diabetes to cancer. They're also finding that many people don't have enough of it.
The Pathobiology of Diabetic Complications: a unifying mechanism. - Diabetes
The pathobiology of diabetic complications: a unifying mechanism.
Brownlee M.
Diabetes. 2005 Jun;54(6):1615-25.
PMID: 15919781
doi: 10.2337/diabetes.54.6.1615
Oral benfotiamine plus alpha-lipoic acid normalises complication-causing pathways in type 1 diabetes. - SpringerLink - Journal Article
Conclusions/interpretation These results show that the previously demonstrated beneficial effects of these agents on complication-causing pathways in rodent models of diabetic complications also occur in humans with type 1 diabetes.
Oral benfotiamine plus alpha-lipoic acid normalises complication-causing pathways in type 1 diabetes.
Du X, Edelstein D, Brownlee M.
Diabetologia. 2008 Oct;51(10):1930-2. Epub 2008 Jul 29.
PMID: 18663426
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1100-2
Old People May Be Immune to Swine Flu | Wired Science | Wired.com
Just having been alive for a while could protect you from getting the novel swine flu circling the planet.
In 1977, a type of H1N1 virus, commonly known as the “Russian flu,” spread across the world, infecting people under 25 at much higher rates than their elders, who had been exposed to similar viruses in the ’40s and ’50s. In the first documented American outbreak, 70 percent of the students fell ill at a high school in Cheyenne, Wyoming, while their teachers proved immune. As the Air Force Academy’s chief medical officer said in 1978, “It’s one of the advantages of being middle-aged.”
Now, Leonard Mermel, an infectious disease specialist at Rhode Island Hospital, suggests the current flu virus could be similar enough to that ’70s strain that older people could again find themselves immune to a new virus.
Benfotiamine.Net - Diabetic Nutritional Supplement, Neuropathy Treatment, Enzyme Transketolase
This site was established to provide visitors with comprehensive information about benfotiamine, a synthetic derivative of thiamine (vitamin B-1) which shows promise in treating a number of neurological and vascular conditions. Benfotiamine also appears to have beneficial anti-aging qualities, protecting human cells from harmful metabolic end products.
Benfotiamine is not just for diabetics. Any population suffering from conditions brought about by unknown or inadvertent thiamine deficiencies should respond well to benfotiamine. Benfotiamine is emerging as the most effective of the thiamine compounds.
Benfotiamine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Benfotiamine (rINN, or S-benzoylthiamine O-monophoshate) is a synthetic S-acyl derivative of thiamine (vitamine B1). After absorption, benfotiamine can be dephosphorylated by cells bearing an ecto-alkaline phosphatase to the lipid-soluble S-benzoylthiamine.
The primary use of this antioxidant is as an "anti-AGE" supplement.[3] In a trial, benfotiamine lowered AGE by 40%.[4] However, in Germany doctors have been known to combine benfotiamine with pyridoxine hydrochloride and use it to treat patients with nerve damage and nerve pain such as sciatica.
At high doses, benfotiamine was shown to be effective for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. I
Stone Age Settlement Found Under English Channel | LiveScience
Erosion on the floor of the English Channel is revealing the remains of a busy Stone Age settlement, from a time when Europe and Britain were still linked by land, a team of archaeologists says
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