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Defining Adequate Vitamin D Intake : Cross-sectional and Intervention Studies
Viljakainen, Heli Tuulikki
University of Helsinki
2008-05-23
Doctoral dissertation (article-based)

In summary, vitamin D intake remains inadequate among the target groups of this thesis, as reflected by seasonal variation in calcitropic hormones and bone metabolism. Dietary intake of vitamin D should be increased to achieve at least an adequate vitamin D status (S-25-OHD>50 nmol/l) and possibly an optimal vitamin D status (S-25-OHD>80 nmol/l) throughout the year. This could be accomplished by introducing new vitamin D-fortified foods to the market.

oa.doria.fi/37651 - Preview

2008 May Heli Viljakainen Helsinki University doctoral dissertation Vitamin_D Defining definition adequate intake AI requirement requirements epidemiological clinical_trials humans nutrition Finland bone health osteoporosis prevention studies thesis

Towards an adequate intake of vitamin D. An advisory report of the Health Council of the Netherlands
R M Weggemans, G Schaafsma and D Kromhout
Eur J Clin Nutr advance online publication, July 22, 2009; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.67

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2009 July ejcn study review report vitamin_D Netherlands intake adequate adequate_intake AI recommendation recommendations supplementation nutrition fortificstion sun exposure sunlight policy

Vieth R, Fraser D.
Vitamin D insufficiency: no recommended dietary allowance exists for this nutrient.
CMAJ. 2002 Jun 11;166(12):1541-2.
PMID: 12074121

In fact, current recommendations for vitamin D are not designed to ensure anything. They are simply based on the old, default strategy for setting a nutritional guideline, which is to recommend an amount of nutrient similar to what healthy people are eating. This approach underlies the circular logic behind a familiar refrain about nutrition: "If you eat a good diet, you won't need supplements." By this logic, the answer to the question, "How much nutrient do you need?" is, "Whatever healthy people happen to be eating." The essential point, lost in the confusing terminology of modern nutrient recommendations, is that a recommended daily allowance (RDA) does not yet exist for vitamin D. Instead, the recommendations for it are referred to as "adequate intake" (AI).12,13 The AI for young adults (5 µg or 200 IU) was chosen to approximate twice the average vitamin D intake reported by 52 young women in a questionnaire-based study reported from Omaha, Neb., in 1997.13,14 Because the available evidence was acknowledged as weak, the Food and Nutrition Board of the US Institute of Medicine called its recommendation an AI.

www.cmaj.ca/...1541 - Preview

2002 June commentary Vieth CMAJ nutrition vitamin_D RDA DRI AI insufficiency deficiency medline no recommended dietary allowance exists adequate average intake