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Honest Nutrition: Acid-Alkaline Food Chart
"This chart comes from Russell Jaffe, MD, and he retains all rights.
Prepared by Dr. Russell Jaffe, Fellow, Health Studies Collegium. Reprints available from ELISAIACT Biotechnologies. 14 Pidgeon Hill, #300, Sterling,VA 20 165. Sources include USDA food data base (Rev 9 & 10), Food & Nutrition Encyclopedia; Nutrition Applied
Personally by M.Walczak; Acid & Alkaline by H.Aihara. Food growth, transport, storage, processing, preparation, combination, & assimilation influence effect Intensity. Thanks to Hank Liers for his original work. (Rev 6/0 1]"
Coconut oil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Coconut oil is extracted from the kernel or meat of matured coconut harvested from the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera). Throughout the tropical world it has provided the primary source of fat in the diets of millions of people for generations. It has various applications in food, medicine, and industry. What makes coconut oil different from most other dietary oils is the basic building blocks or fatty acids making up the oil. Coconut oil is composed predominately of a special group of fat molecules known as medium chain fatty acids (MCFA). The majority of fats in the human diet are composed almost entirely of long chain fatty acids (LCFA).
The primary difference between MCFA and LCFA is the size of the molecule, or more precisely, the length of the carbon chain that makes up the backbone of the fatty acid. MCFA have a chain length of 6 to 12 carbons. LCFA contain 14 or more carbon
Historically, many populations within the tropics have used coconut medicinally as a treatment for a wide variety of ailments.[8]
A study into the effects of a "diet rich in.." medium-chain fatty acids (such as in coconut oil and butter) concluded that "MCFAs in the form of MCTs significantly increased plasma triacylglycerol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations and the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol and thereby resulted in a less beneficial lipid profile overall."[9]
Further, research done by nutritionist Mary Enig has found that non-hydrogenated coconut oil (i.e. extra-virgin) consumed in moderate amounts "is at worst neutral with respect to atherogenicity of fats and oils and, in fact, is likely to be a beneficial oil for prevention and treatment of some heart disease."[10] The lack of negative effects of a diet rich in coconut oil on cardiovascular health is born out in studies of Polynesian populations who consume as much as 65% of their calories in the form of coconut oil and yet, have almost no incidence of heart disease and normal blood lipid profiles.[11]
Whole Health Source: Butyric Acid: an Ancient Controller of Metabolism, Inflammation and Stress Resistance
"Susceptible strains of rodents fed high-fat diets overeat, gain fat and become profoundly insulin resistant. Dr. Jianping Ye's group recently published a paper showing that the harmful metabolic effects of a high-fat diet (lard and soybean oil) on mice can be prevented, and even reversed, using a short-chain saturated fatty acid called butyric acid (hereafter, butyrate).
The butyrate-fed mice remained lean and avoided metabolic problems. Butyrate increased their energy expenditure by increasing body heat production and modestly increasing physical activity. It also massively increased the function of their mitochondria, the tiny power plants of the cell."
Butyric acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Butyric acid (from Greek βούτυρος = butter), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2-COOH. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. Butyric acid is found in rancid butter, parmesan cheese, vomit, and body odor and has an unpleasant smell and acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste (similar to ether). It can be detected by mammals with good scent detection abilities (such as dogs) at 10 ppb, whereas humans can detect it in concentrations above 10 ppm.
Butanoate is produced as end-product of a fermentation process solely performed by obligate anaerobic bacteria. Fermented Kombucha "tea" includes butyric acid as a result of the fermentation. This fermentation pathway was discovered by Louis Pasteur in 1861.
The role of butyrate changes depending on its role in cancer or normal cells. This is known as the "butyrate paradox". Butyrate inhibits colonic tumor cells but promotes healthy colonic epithelial cells.[1], but the signaling mechanism is not well understood.[2]. A review suggested that the chemopreventive benefits of butanoate depend in part on amount, time of exposure with respect to the tumorigenic process, and the type of fat in the diet.[5] Low carbohydrate diets like the Atkins diet are known to reduce the amount of butanoate produced in the colon
Relationship of Dietary Linoleic Acid to Blood Pressure: The International Study of Macro-Micronutrients and Blood Pressure Study -- Miura et al. 52 (2): 408 -- Hypertension
Relationship of dietary linoleic acid to blood pressure. The International Study of Macro-Micronutrients and Blood Pressure Study [corrected]
Miura K, Stamler J, Nakagawa H, Elliott P, Ueshima H, Chan Q, Brown IJ, Tzoulaki I, Saitoh S, Dyer AR, Daviglus ML, Kesteloot H, Okayama A, Curb JD, Rodriguez BL, Elmer PJ, Steffen LM, Robertson C, Zhao L; International Study of Macro-Micronutrients and Blood Pressure Research Group.
Hypertension. 2008 Aug;52(2):408-14. Epub 2008 Jul 7. Erratum in: Hypertension. 2008 Sep;52(3):e29.
PMID: 18606902
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.112383
Dietary linoleic acid intake may contribute to prevention and control of adverse blood pressure levels in general populations
Cardiovascular Risk and {alpha}-Linolenic Acid: Can Costa Rica Clarify? -- Harris 118 (4): 323 -- Circulation
Cardiovascular risk and alpha-linolenic acid: can Costa Rica clarify?
Harris WS.
Circulation. 2008 Jul 22;118(4):323-4. Epub 2008 Jul 7. Review. PMID: 18606912
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.791467
{alpha}-Linolenic Acid and Risk of Nonfatal Acute Myocardial Infarction -- Campos et al. 118 (4): 339 -- Circulation
Alpha-linolenic acid and risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction.
Campos H, Baylin A, Willett WC.
Circulation. 2008 Jul 22;118(4):339-45. Epub 2008 Jul 7. Erratum in: Circulation. 2008 Sep 16;118(12):e492.
PMID: 18606916
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.762419
Conclusions - Consumption of vegetable oils rich in {alpha}-linolenic acid could confer important cardiovascular protection. The apparent protective effect of {alpha}-linolenic acid is most evident among subjects with low intakes
Alpha-linolenic acid reduces risk of nonfatal MI - theheart.org
"July 9, 2008 | Michael O'Riordan
Boston, MA - The consumption of a diet containing vegetable oils rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is associated with significant reductions in the risk of nonfatal MI, a new study has shown [1]. Investigators say the protective effect of ALA is evident among individuals with low intakes, suggesting the greatest benefit might be in developing countries, where fatty-acid consumption is limited.
"The potential for benefit is great when the baseline intake is low," said lead investigator Dr Hannia Campos (Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA). "In countries where people eat very little fish—and some of these countries have almost no sources of omega-3 fatty acids because they cook with corn or sunflower oils—the consumption of vegetable oils with ALA could have a major impact on heart disease."
In an editorial accompanying the published study [2], Dr William Harris (University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls) said that the data are suggestive and would be good news for individuals who will not or cannot eat fish, but more studies are still needed. "If ALA were able to do the same 'heavy lifting' that [eicosapentaenoic acid] EPA and [docosahexaenoic acid] DHA do, this would be welcomed news, because the capacity to produce ALA is essentially limitless, whereas there are only so many fish in the sea," he writes. "
Hyperlipid: Physiological insulin resistance and palmitic acid again
"I like palmitic acid. It causes insulin resistance. Thank goodness.
Ted sent me this link. It's depressing.
I'm going to discuss a thought drug. I'm going to call it Palmitofake, and it can be developed by Pfizer, no, Fort Dodge. I particularly dislike FD for anaesthesia related reasons.
So what does Palmitofake do? BTW, if you didn't need any other hint you can tell this drug is going to bomb as there is neither an x, y or z in its name. Trust FD to screw up (in my mind).
Palmitofake is a fluoride substituted analogue of palmitic acid which irreversibly binds to the acyl-CoA interaction site of JNK1 and so inhibits the pathway by which palmitic acid keeps GLUT4 transporters off of the cell surface membrane, whole body-wide.
The logic to this is that the lipotoxin, palmitic acid (nature's second biggest mistake, the biggest was obviously cholesterol) can no longer keep glucose out of cells and metabolism can run, unimpaired by fat, for ever on glucose. Woo hoo bring on the glucose."
Whole Health Source: Palmitic Acid and Insulin Resistance: a New Paradigm
"We've been having an interesting discussion in the comments about a recently published paper by Dr. Stephen C. Benoit and colleagues (free full text). They showed that a butter-rich diet causes weight gain and insulin resistance in rats, compared to a low-fat diet or a diet based on olive oil. They published a thorough description of the diets' compositions, which is very much appreciated!
They went on to show that infusing palmitic acid (a 16-carbon saturated fat) directly into the brain of rats also caused insulin resistance relative to oleic acid (an 18-carbon monounsaturated fat, like in olive oil). Here's a representation of palmitic acid. The COOH end is the acid end, and the squiggly line is the fatty end. Thus it's called a "fatty acid", various forms of which are the fat currency of the body."
Animal Pharm: Palmitic Acid+ CARBS = Mouse Skeletal Muscle IR
"Peter at Hyperlipid and Stephan at Whole Health have dispelled yet again myths regarding the indictment of the 16:0 long-chained saturated fatty acid Palmitic Acid as the prime instigator of insulin resistance (IR). Researchers are always wrong -- it's... HIGH CARBS PLUS Palmitic acid.
Their brilliant posts discuss below:
--Sportzaid (FRUCTOSE) + Palmitate = IR RETARDNESS
--High Carb Lab Chow + Palmitate = IR in the brain
Yes. Such inferences applied to low carbers (LCers) is pure ridiculousness. Non-applicable.
Low/no carb + Palmitic Acid = GOOD THING. All the low-carb/high saturated fat (palmitic acid) and ketosis trials by Hays JH, Volek JS, and Krauss RM have shown reductions in blood insulin, blood glucoses (BG) and peripheral tissue insulin resistance (IR). Directly contrary to the high carb animal or human studies.
Palmitic acid has a special evolutionary, adaptive role in mammalian metabolism. Stephan showed that it likely 'fills in' when blood glucose starts to decline. "
Fatty acid intake and the risk of community-acquired pneumonia in US women
Fatty acid intake and the risk of community-acquired pneumonia in U.S. women.
Alperovich M, Neuman MI, Willett WC, Curhan GC.
Nutrition. 2007 Mar;23(3):196-202. Epub 2007 Jan 22.
PMID: 17236748
doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2006.11.007.
Conclusions
Fatty acid intake may affect the risk of community-acquired pneumonia in young and middle-aged women. Higher dietary intake of palmitic acid and possibly DHA and EPA may increase the risk of community-acquired pneumonia in women while higher oleic acid intake may decrease the risk.
Review of fat and fatty acid requirements and criteria for developing dietary guidelines - Ann Nutr Metab. 2009;55(1-3):44-55. Epub 2009 Sep 15. (full text PDF)
Review of fat and fatty acid requirements and criteria for developing dietary guidelines.
Smit LA, Mozaffarian D, Willett W.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2009;55(1-3):44-55. Epub 2009 Sep 15.
PMID: 19752535
DOI: 10.1159/000228995
Is There Any Gout Food To Avoid?
When we look for gout food to avoid, we tend to look for low purine foods. There is some merit in this, but unless you only eat shellfish, gravy, liver, kidney, and the like, it is much more important to look at pH balance. Do it right, and not only will it help your gout, but you will become generally healthier.
I describe how alkalizing your body can help gout by making uric acid more soluble in the Prevention Section. Taking baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) works for many gout sufferers. Unfortunately, it can raise blood pressure. As about 40% of gout sufferers also have hypertension, an alternative is useful.
This is where increasing your pH level through food comes in. There is a lot of information about alkalizing diets and acid-alkaline balance. Much of this is confusing and sometimes contradictory.
Potential Renal Acid Load Calculation
Potential Renal Acid Load (PRAL) is a calculated value of certain nutrients in food that have the most significant indication of changing acidity or alkalinity of the body.
PRAL is a precise calculation from 5 nutrient values in food, but it is not an exact measure. It is a shortcut measure to assess the affect of foods on the pH of the body.
Potential renal acid load experiments show that PRAL is a reliable approximation of the pH effect of foods. It is calculated from:
PRAL =
0.49 Protein + 0.037 Phosphorus
- 0.021 Potassium - 0.026 Magnesium - 0.013 Calcium
Ascorbic Acid is not Vitamin C - Health Supreme
I just read an article by Tim O'Shea discussing vitamins and their inherent complexity. O'Shea says that vitamin C is not only Ascorbic Acid but rather a complex of substances that work in synergy. Taking ascorbic acid and calling it vitamin C is actually misleading, according to O'Shea, as it's only one part of the whole picture.
The article discusses not only vitamin C but a host of other substances and shows that what has been isolated and called "vitamins" is often but a fraction of the natural (phyto)complex that contains and in fact makes up these vital nutrients.
Animal Pharm: Saturated Fats as Potent Anti-Atherogenic Drugs
LAURIC ACID (12C MEDIUM-CHAIN SATURATED FATTY ACID) ASSOCIATED WITH RELATIVELY HIGHER HDL2b AND LOWER HDL3c
In the previous entry, conclusions from the same research below was discussed. They went further and looked at the lipoprotein subfractions including HDL2b and HDL3c. Mensink et al found that the higher the phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) activity and the lower the cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) activity, the higher the relative abundance of HDL2b, the regression particle, and the lower the HDL3c, a small dense atherogenic particle. Lauric acid produced the highest ratio of PLTP to CETP activity when compared with the control, palmitic or oleic diets after 6-weeks.
Origins and evolution of the Western diet: health implications for the 21st century -- Cordain et al. 81 (2): 341 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Origins and evolution of the Western diet: health implications for the 21st century.
Cordain L, Eaton SB, Sebastian A, Mann N, Lindeberg S, Watkins BA, O'Keefe JH, Brand-Miller J.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Feb;81(2):341-54. Review.
PMID: 15699220
Various Selected Vegetables, Fruits, Mushrooms and Red Wine Residue Inhibit Bone Resorption in Rats -- Mühlbauer et al. 133 (11): 3592 -- Journal of Nutrition
Various selected vegetables, fruits, mushrooms and red wine residue inhibit bone resorption in rats.
Mühlbauer RC, Lozano A, Reinli A, Wetli H.
J Nutr. 2003 Nov;133(11):3592-7.
PMID: 14608079
Low dietary potassium intakes and high dietary estimates of net endogenous acid production are associated with low bone mineral density in premenopausal women and increased markers of bone resorption in postmenopausal women -- Macdonald et al. 81 (4): 923
Low dietary potassium intakes and high dietary estimates of net endogenous acid production are associated with low bone mineral density in premenopausal women and increased markers of bone resorption in postmenopausal women.
Macdonald HM, New SA, Fraser WD, Campbell MK, Reid DM.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Apr;81(4):923-33.
PMID: 15817873
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