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Benefits and requirements of vitamin D for optimal health: a review - Altern Med Rev. 2005 Jun
Grant WB, Holick MF.
Benefits and requirements of vitamin D for optimal health: a review.
Altern Med Rev. 2005 Jun;10(2):94-111. Review.
PMID: 15989379
DIRECT-MS
"In 1995 my son received the devastating diagnosis of MS. Having been a research scientist for 30 years, I decided to plunge into the scientific literature for MS to determine the most likely factors which cause MS and to use this information to develop an effective therapy for my son.
Notably, many people are having great success in halting or greatly slowing MS with nutritional strategies; many Testimonials are available. I am most pleased to report that my son remains in excellent health with no MS symptoms.
I discovered abundant scientific evidence that indicates that various nutritional factors potentially play major roles in the onset and progression of MS. Strangely, this information was not being made available to persons with MS by doctors nor by established MS charities."
The 10 weirdest physics facts, from relativity to quantum physics - Telegraph
"People who think science is dull are wrong. Here are 10 reasons why. "
Vitamin D toxicity, policy, and science. - JBMR Online - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research - 22(s2):V64 - Full Text
Vitamin D toxicity, policy, and science.
Vieth R.
J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Dec;22 Suppl 2:V64-8. Review.
PMID: 18290725
doi: 10.1359/jbmr.07s221
Partial Neutralization of the Acidogenic Western Diet with Potassium Citrate Increases Bone Mass in Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia -- Jehle et al. 17 (11): 3213 -- Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
Jehle S, Zanetti A, Muser J, Hulter HN, Krapf R.
Partial neutralization of the acidogenic Western diet with potassium citrate increases bone mass in postmenopausal women with osteopenia.
J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Nov;17(11):3213-22. Epub 2006 Oct 11
Vitamin D fortification of milk products does not resolve hypovitaminosis D in young Finnish men - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition - Abstract of article:
Vitamin D fortification of milk products does not resolve hypovitaminosis D in young Finnish men.
Välimäki VV, Löyttyniemi E, Välimäki MJ.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Apr;61(4):493-7. Epub 2006 Nov 29.
PMID: 17136043
doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602550
Vitamin D Status as a Determinant of Peak Bone Mass in Young Finnish Men -- Välimäki et al. 89 (1): 76 -- Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Valimaki VV, Alfthan H, Lehmuskallio E, Loyttyniemi E, Sahi T, Stenman UH, Suominen H, Valimaki MJ.
Vitamin D status as a determinant of peak bone mass in young Finnish men.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jan;89(1):76-80.
PMID: 14715830
Dark energy may not actually exist, scientists claim - Telegraph
Dark energy - the mysterious substance thought to make up three-quarters of the universe - may not actually exist, claims new research.
The concept of dark energy was created by cosmologists to fit Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity into reality after modern space telescopes discovered that the Universe was not behaving as it should.
According to Einstein's work, the speed at which the Universe is expanding following the Big Bang should be slower than it actually is and this unexplained anomaly threatened to turn the whole theory upside down. In order to reconcile this problem the concept of dark energy was invented.
But now Blake Temple and Joel Smoller, mathematicians at the University of California and the University of Michigan, believe they have come up with a whole new set of calculations that allow for all the sums to add up without the need for this controversial substance.
SPACE.com -- 'Big Wave' Theory Offers Alternative to Dark Energy
Mathematicians have proposed an alternative explanation for the accelerating expansion of the universe that does not rely on the mystifying idea of dark energy.
According to the new proposition, the universe is not accelerating, as observations suggest. Instead, an expanding wave flowing through space-time has caused distant galaxies to appear to be accelerating away from us. This big wave, initiated after the Big Bang that is thought to have sparked the universe, could explain why objects today appear to be farther away from us than they should be according to the Standard Model of cosmology.
"We're saying that maybe the resulting expanding wave is actually causing the anomalous acceleration," said Blake Temple of the University of California, Davis. "We're saying that dark energy may not really be the correct explanation."
The researchers derived a set of equations describing expanding waves that fit Einstein's theory of general relativity, and which could also account for the apparent acceleration. Temple outlines the new idea with Joel Smoller of the University of Michigan in the Aug. 17 issue of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Mystery solved: Dark energy isn't there - Science Fair - USATODAY.com
Mathematicians have come up with an answer Monday for the mystery of "dark energy" tearing the universe apart at an accelerating rate. It ain't there.
Discovered in 1998 with the finding that exploding stars in distant galaxies are spreading away from us at an increasing speed, dark energy has puzzled cosmologists for a decade, unable to understand a force that acts across vast distances to push stars apart. Physicist Michael Turner of the University of Chicago famously said that the only thing really known about dark energy is its name.
What's the answer? It doesn't exist, suggest mathematicians Blake Temple and Joel Smoller, in a study released Monday by the Proceedings of the National Academies of Science.
Instead, "expanding waves" from the Big Bang, 13.7 Billion years ago, are propelling the trillions of galaxies filling the universe apart, suggests the study. Dark energy is an illusion if their equations are right, and the universe, at least 27.2 billion light years across, is spreading at an increasing rate into an even bigger vacuum empty of any matter, propelled by the energy of the Big Bang.
Dark Energy's Demise? New Theory Doesn't Use the Force
Dark energy, a mysterious force proposed more than a decade ago to explain why the universe is flying apart at an increasingly faster clip, is no longer necessary.
That's the conclusion of a controversial new theory that shows how the accelerated expansion of the universe could be just an illusion.
In a new study, two mathematicians present their solutions to Einstein's field equations of general relativity, which describe the relationship between gravity and matter.
Pattern recognition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pattern recognition is "the act of taking in raw data and taking an action based on the category of the data".[citation needed] Most research in pattern recognition is about methods for supervised learning and unsupervised learning.
Pattern recognition aims to classify data (patterns) based either on a priori knowledge or on statistical information extracted from the patterns. The patterns to be classified are usually groups of measurements or observations, defining points in an appropriate multidimensional space. This is in contrast to pattern matching, where the pattern is rigidly specified.
Pattern matching - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In computer science, pattern matching is the act of checking for the presence of the constituents of a given pattern. In contrast to pattern recognition, the pattern is rigidly specified. Such a pattern concerns conventionally either sequences or tree structures. Pattern matching is used to test whether things have a desired structure, to find relevant structure, to retrieve the aligning parts, and to substitute the matching part with something else.
Thinking About Time Before the Big Bang | Universe Today
What happened before the Big Bang? The conventional answer to that question is usually, "There is no such thing as 'before the Big Bang.'" That's the event that started it all. But the right answer, says physicist Sean Carroll, is, "We just don't know." Carroll, as well as many other physicists and cosmologists have begun to consider the possibility of time before the Big Bang, as well as alternative theories of how our universe came to be. Carroll discussed this type of "speculative research" during a talk at the American Astronomical Society Meeting last week in St. Louis, Missouri.
Hints of 'time before Big Bang' - BBC NEWS | Science/Nature
A team of physicists has claimed that our view of the early Universe may contain the signature of a time before the Big Bang.
The discovery comes from studying the cosmic microwave background (CMB), light emitted when the Universe was just 400,000 years old.
SPACE.com -- Glimpse Before Big Bang Possible
The universe appears to be lopsided, and a new model that aims to explain this anomaly could offer a glimpse of what happened before the birth of it all.
When astronomers look out at the cosmos, the view in one direction is turning out to be different than in the other. Specifically, fluctuations in the density and temperature of the radiation left over from the theoretical Big Bang â€" called the Cosmic Microwave Background â€" seem to be strangely larger on one side of the universe.
What Happened Before the Big Bang? : Paul Davies
Well, what did happen before the big bang?
Few schoolchildren have failed to frustrate their parents with questions of this sort. It often starts with puzzlement over whether space "goes on forever," or where humans came from, or how the planet Earth formed. In the end, the line of questioning always seems to get back to the ultimate origin of things: the big bang. "But what caused that?"
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