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Fish Oil-Derived Fatty Acids, Docosahexaenoic Acid and Docosapentaenoic Acid, and the Risk of Acute Coronary Events : The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study -- Rissanen et al. 102 (22): 2677 -- Circulation
Fish oil-derived fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid, and the risk of acute coronary events: the Kuopio ischaemic heart disease risk factor study.
Rissanen T, Voutilainen S, Nyyssönen K, Lakka TA, Salonen JT.
Circulation. 2000 Nov 28;102(22):2677-9.
PMID: 11094031
Methods and Results—We studied this association in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, a prospective population study in Eastern Finland. Subjects were randomly selected and included 1871 men aged 42 to 60 years who had no clinical coronary heart disease at baseline examination. A total of 194 men had a fatal or nonfatal acute coronary event during follow-up. In a Cox proportional hazards’ model adjusting for other risk factors, men in the highest fifth of the proportion of serum DHA+DPA in all fatty acids had a 44% reduced risk (P=0.014) of acute coronary events compared with men in the lowest fifth. Men in the highest fifth of DHA+DPA who had a low hair content of mercury (<=2.0 µg/g) had a 67% reduced risk (P=0.016) of acute coronary events compared with men in the lowest fifth who had a high hair content of mercury (>2.0 µg/g). There was no association between proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid and the risk of acute coronary events.
Conclusions—Our data provide further confirmation for the concept that fish oil–derived fatty acids reduce the risk of acute coronary events. However, a high mercury content in fish could attenuate this protective effect.
Quantitative Analysis of the Benefits and Risks of Consuming Farmed and Wild Salmon -- Foran et al. 135 (11): 2639 -- Journal of Nutrition
Quantitative analysis of the benefits and risks of consuming farmed and wild salmon.
Foran JA, Good DH, Carpenter DO, Hamilton MC, Knuth BA, Schwager SJ.
J Nutr. 2005 Nov;135(11):2639-43.
PMID: 16251623
Contaminants in farmed Atlantic and wild Pacific salmon raise important questions about the competing health benefits and risks of fish consumption. A benefit-risk analysis was conducted to compare quantitatively the cancer and noncancer risks of exposure to organic contaminants in salmon with the (n-3) fatty acid-associated health benefits of salmon consumption. Recommended levels of (n-3) fatty acid intake, as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may be achieved by consuming farmed or wild salmon while maintaining an acceptable level of noncarcinogenic risk. However, the recommended level of EPA+DHA intake cannot be achieved solely from farmed or wild salmon while maintaining an acceptable level of carcinogenic risk. Although the benefit-risk ratio for carcinogens and noncarcinogens is significantly greater for wild Pacific salmon than for farmed Atlantic salmon as a group, the ratio for some subgroups of farmed salmon is on par with the ratio for wild salmon. This analysis suggests that risk of exposure to contaminants in farmed and wild salmon is partially offset by the fatty acid-associated health benefits. However, young children, women of child-bearing age, pregnant women, and nursing mothers not at significant risk for sudden cardiac death associated with CHD but concerned with health impairments such as reduction in IQ and other cognitive and behavioral effects, can minimize contaminant exposure by choosing the least contaminated wild salmon or by selecting other sources of (n-3) fatty acids.
NEJM -- Mercury, Fish Oils, and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Mercury, fish oils, and the risk of myocardial infarction.
Guallar E, Sanz-Gallardo MI, van't Veer P, Bode P, Aro A, Gómez-Aracena J, Kark JD, Riemersma RA, Martín-Moreno JM, Kok FJ; Heavy Metals and Myocardial Infarction Study Group.
N Engl J Med. 2002 Nov 28;347(22):1747-54.
PMID: 12456850
Conclusions The toenail mercury level was directly associated with the risk of myocardial infarction, and the adipose-tissue DHA level was inversely associated with the risk. High mercury content may diminish the cardioprotective effect of fish intake.
NEJM -- Mercury and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men
Mercury and the risk of coronary heart disease in men.
Yoshizawa K, Rimm EB, Morris JS, Spate VL, Hsieh CC, Spiegelman D, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC.
N Engl J Med. 2002 Nov 28;347(22):1755-60.
PMID: 12456851
Conclusions Our findings do not support an association between total mercury exposure and the risk of coronary heart disease, but a weak relation cannot be ruled out.
Antioxidant Supplementation in Atherosclerosis Prevention (ASAP) study: a randomized trial of the effect of vitamins E and C on 3-year progression of carotid atherosclerosis - J Intern Med. 2000 Nov - Wiley InterScience :: Article :: HTML Full Text
Antioxidant Supplementation in Atherosclerosis Prevention (ASAP) study: a randomized trial of the effect of vitamins E and C on 3-year progression of carotid atherosclerosis.
Salonen JT, Nyyssönen K, Salonen R, Lakka HM, Kaikkonen J, Porkkala-Sarataho E, Voutilainen S, Lakka TA, Rissanen T, Leskinen L, Tuomainen TP, Valkonen VP, Ristonmaa U, Poulsen HE.
J Intern Med. 2000 Nov;248(5):377-86.
PMID: 11123502
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00752.x
Conclusions. Our study shows that a combined supplementation with reasonable doses of both vitamin E and slow-release vitamin C can retard the progression of common carotid atherosclerosis in men. This may imply benefits with regard to other atherosclerosis-based events.
Dark Chocolate Consumption Increases HDL Cholesterol Concentration and Chocolate Fatty Acids May Inhibit Lipid Peroxidation in Healthy Humans - ScienceDirect - Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Dark chocolate consumption increases HDL cholesterol concentration and chocolate fatty acids may inhibit lipid peroxidation in healthy humans.
Mursu J, Voutilainen S, Nurmi T, Rissanen TH, Virtanen JK, Kaikkonen J, Nyyssönen K, Salonen JT.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2004 Nov 1;37(9):1351-9.
PMID: 15454274
doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.06.002
Cocoa polyphenols may increase the concentration of HDL cholesterol, whereas chocolate fatty acids may modify the fatty acid composition of LDL and make it more resistant to oxidative damage.
The Vitamin D-Antimicrobial Peptide Pathway and Its Role in Protection Against Infection (printer-friendly) - Future Microbiol. 2009 Nov;4:1151-65. - Medscape
The vitamin D-antimicrobial peptide pathway and its role in protection against infection.
Gombart AF.
Future Microbiol. 2009 Nov;4:1151-65.
PMID: 19895218
Vitamin D deficiency has been correlated with increased rates of infection. Since the early 19th century, both environmental (i.e., sunlight) and dietary sources (cod liver) of vitamin D have been identified as treatments for TB. The recent discovery that vitamin D induces antimicrobial peptide gene expression explains, in part, the 'antibiotic' effect of vitamin D and has greatly renewed interest in the ability of vitamin D to improve immune function. Subsequent work indicates that this regulation is biologically important for the response of the innate immune system to wounds and infection and that deficiency may lead to suboptimal responses toward bacterial and viral infections. The regulation of the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene is a human/primate-specific adaptation and is not conserved in other mammals. The capacity of the vitamin D receptor to act as a high-affinity receptor for vitamin D and a low-affinity receptor for secondary bile acids and potentially other novel nutritional compounds suggests that the evolutionary selection to place the cathelicidin gene under control of the vitamin D receptor allows for its regulation under both endocrine and xenobiotic response systems. Future studies in both humans and humanized mouse models will elucidate the importance of this regulation and lead to the development of potential therapeutic applications
A Diet Rich in Coconut Oil Reduces Diurnal Postprandial Variations in Circulating Tissue Plasminogen Activator Antigen and Fasting Lipoprotein (a) Compared with a Diet Rich in Unsaturated Fat in Women -- Müller et al. 133 (11): 3422 -- Journal of Nutritio
A diet rich in coconut oil reduces diurnal postprandial variations in circulating tissue plasminogen activator antigen and fasting lipoprotein (a) compared with a diet rich in unsaturated fat in women.
Müller H, Lindman AS, Blomfeldt A, Seljeflot I, Pedersen JI.
J Nutr. 2003 Nov;133(11):3422-7.
PMID: 14608053
In conclusion, our results indicate that a coconut oil–based diet (HSAFA-diet) lowers postprandial t-PA antigen concentration, and this may favorably affect the fibrinolytic system and the Lp(a) concentration compared with the HUFA-diet. The proportions of dietary saturated fatty acids more than the percentage of saturated fat energy seem to have a beneficial influence on Lp(a) levels.
The connection between Lp(a) and atherosclerosis is not entirely understood. Different studies have provided strong evidence that Lp(a) level is an independent risk factor for developing coronary artery disease in men (47,48), but the question of causality continues to be debated. Recent data suggest that Lp(a) might be atherogenic (49), in particular when combined with other risk factors. High levels of Lp(a) combined with other risk factors such as the ratio of plasma total/HDL cholesterol have been shown to increase the risk for coronary heart diseases (50). It has also been reported that when substantial LDL cholesterol reductions were obtained in men with coronary heart disease, persistent elevations of Lp(a) were no longer atherogenic or clinically threatening (51).
In conclusion, the present results show that the HSAFA-diet lowered postprandial t-PA antigen and thus potentially improved fibrinolysis compared with the HUFA-diet. Diets with either high or low levels of saturated fatty acids from coconut oil beneficially decrease Lp(a) compared with a HUFA-diet. The proportions of dietary saturated fatty acids more than the percentage of saturated fat energy may be of importance if the goal is to decrease Lp(a).
Relationships between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Plasma Glucose and Lipid Levels in Pediatric Outpatients - ScienceDirect - The Journal of Pediatrics
Relationships between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Plasma Glucose and Lipid Levels in Pediatric Outpatients.
Johnson MD, Nader NS, Weaver AL, Singh R, Kumar S.
J Pediatr. 2009 Nov 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19926097
Conclusions
Low 25(OH) D levels in children and adolescents are associated with higher plasma glucose and lower HDL concentrations.
Daily duration of vitamin D synthesis in human skin with relation to latitude, total ozone, altitude, ground cover, aerosols and cloud thickness - Photochem Photobiol. 2005 Nov-Dec;81(6):1287-90.
Daily duration of vitamin D synthesis in human skin with relation to latitude, total ozone, altitude, ground cover, aerosols and cloud thickness.
Engelsen O, Brustad M, Aksnes L, Lund E.
Photochem Photobiol. 2005 Nov-Dec;81(6):1287-90.
PMID: 16354110
Vitamin D production in human skin occurs only when incident UV radiation exceeds a certain threshold. From simulations of UV irradiances worldwide and throughout the year, we have studied the dependency of the extent and duration of cutaneous vitamin D production in terms of latitude, time, total ozone, clouds, aerosols, surface reflectivity and altitude. For clear atmospheric conditions, no cutaneous vitamin D production occurs at 51 degrees latitude and higher during some periods of the year. At 70 degrees latitude, vitamin D synthesis can be absent for 5 months. Clouds, aerosols and thick ozone events reduce the duration of vitamin D synthesis considerably, and can suppress vitamin D synthesis completely even at the equator. A web page allowing the computation of the duration of cutaneous vitamin D production worldwide throughout the year, for various atmospheric and surface conditions, is available on the Internet at http://zardoz.nilu.no/~olaeng/fastrt/VitD.html and http://zardoz.nilu.no/~olaeng/fastrt/VitD-ez.html. The computational methodology is outlined here.
Natural Sphingadienes Inhibit Akt-Dependent Signaling and Prevent Intestinal Tumorigenesis -- Fyrst et al., 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-2341 -- Cancer Research
Natural Sphingadienes Inhibit Akt-Dependent Signaling and Prevent Intestinal Tumorigenesis.
Fyrst H, Oskouian B, Bandhuvula P, Gong Y, Byun HS, Bittman R, Lee AR, Saba JD.
Cancer Res. 2009 Nov 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19934323
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-2341
Sham vs. Wham: The Health Insider: Soy Products May be Important for Fighting Colon Cancer
"Scientists at the Children’s Hospital & Research Center in Oakland, California, have identified a new class of therapeutic agents found naturally in soy that can prevent and possibly treat colon cancer, the third most deadly form of cancer. "Sphingadienes" (SDs) are natural lipid molecules found in soy that research shows may be the key to fighting colon cancer.
The study, led by Dr. Julie Saba, director of the Cancer Center at Children’s Hospital Oakland, will be published in the December 15, 2009 issue of Cancer Research. Soy has long been touted as protective against colon cancer, but Dr. Saba’s team made the groundbreaking discovery that SDs naturally found in soy may underlie the benefits of soy products. It is important for science to find the mechanism of action behind a natural product claim on something like this -- it lends much more credibility to the concept."
Processing Chemical Used in Tofu May Increase Risk of Dementia in the Elderly
"(NaturalNews) Regularly eating high levels of tofu may increase the risk of the memory loss associated with dementia, according to a new study conducted by researchers from Loughborough University in the United Kingdom, and published in the journal Dementias and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.
Prior research has found that women over the age of 65 who receive hormone therapy may double their risk of dementia. This may occur because estrogen promotes cell growth, which may actually do damage to the aging brain, Hogervorst said. Alternately, high levels of estrogen might enhance the cell-damaging effects of free radicals.
Hogervorst also noted that much of tofu consumed by study participants might have been preserved with formaldehyde, a common practice in Indonesia. Formaldehyde has been strongly linked to various forms of cell damage, and might be responsible for the memory effects observed.
Prior research has found that older Japanese-American men who consumed high levels of tofu are also at an elevated risk for dementia, however.
Researchers investigated the connection between memory loss and diet for 719 elderly urban and rural residents of Java, Indonesia. The found that those who ate tofu at least once per day performed significantly worse on memory tests than those who ate tofu less frequently. The effect was particularly strong among those over the age of 68."
Vitamin D Deficiency in the Morbidly Obese. [Obes Surg. 1993] - PubMed result
Vitamin D Deficiency in the Morbidly Obese.
Buffington C, Walker B, Cowan GS Jr, Scruggs D.
Obes Surg. 1993 Nov;3(4):421-424.
PMID: 10757956
These data suggest that low vitamin D may be associated with obesity per se. Hypovitaminosis D, when it is found in post-bariatric surgery patients, may not be caused by the surgery since it may have been present to some degree pre-operatively.
The Heart Scan Blog: Heart Scan Blog Redux: Cheers to flavonoids
"Because in Track Your Plaque we've been thinking a lot about anthocyanins, here's a rerun of a previous Heart Scan Blog post about red wine. (Anthocyanins are among the interesting flavonoids in red wine, along with resveratrol and quercetin.) "
Low Vitamin D Status, High Bone Turnover, and Bone Fractures in Centenarians -- Passeri et al. 88 (11): 5109 -- Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Low vitamin D status, high bone turnover, and bone fractures in centenarians.
Passeri G, Pini G, Troiano L, Vescovini R, Sansoni P, Passeri M, Gueresi P, Delsignore R, Pedrazzoni M, Franceschi C.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Nov;88(11):5109-15.
PMID: 14602735
We conclude that the extreme decades of life are characterized by a pathophysiological sequence of events linking vitamin D deficiency, low serum calcium, and secondary hyperparathyroidism with an increase in bone resorption and severe osteopenia. These data offer a rationale for the possible prevention of elevated bone turnover, bone loss, and consequently the reduction of osteoporotic fractures and fracture-induced disability in the oldest olds through the supplementation with calcium and vitamin D.
Vitamin D, Nutritional Deficiency, and the Medical Paradigm -- Heaney 88 (11): 5107 -- Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vitamin D, nutritional deficiency, and the medical paradigm.
Heaney RP.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Nov;88(11):5107-8. Review. No abstract available.
PMID: 14602734
Vitamin D can aid fertility - Telegraph
"Women with fertility problems may benefit from taking vitamin D supplements, research has found.
A study has found a link between low levels of Vitamin D and problems with ovulation.
The research may offer a simple, cheap and safe option for women to try before resorting to drugs."
NEJM -- Low-Carbohydrate-Diet Score and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women
Low-carbohydrate-diet score and the risk of coronary heart disease in women.
Halton TL, Willett WC, Liu S, Manson JE, Albert CM, Rexrode K, Hu FB.
N Engl J Med. 2006 Nov 9;355(19):1991-2002.
PMID: 17093250
Conclusions Our findings suggest that diets lower in carbohydrate and higher in protein and fat are not associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease in women. When vegetable sources of fat and protein are chosen, these diets may moderately reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.
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