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Fish consumption and the 30-year risk of fatal myocardial infarction.
Daviglus ML, Stamler J, Orencia AJ, Dyer AR, Liu K, Greenland P, Walsh MK, Morris D, Shekelle RB.
N Engl J Med. 1997 Apr 10;336(15):1046-53.
PMID: 9091800

Conclusions These data show an inverse association between fish consumption and death from coronary heart disease, especially nonsudden death from myocardial infarction.

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1997 April NEJM study research epidemiological humans fish consumption 30-year risk fatal myocardial infarction MI CVD CHD nutrition medlin myocardial_infarction mortality

Mercury, fish oils, and the risk of myocardial infarction.
Guallar E, Sanz-Gallardo MI, van't Veer P, Bode P, Aro A, Gómez-Aracena J, Kark JD, Riemersma RA, Martín-Moreno JM, Kok FJ; Heavy Metals and Myocardial Infarction Study Group.
N Engl J Med. 2002 Nov 28;347(22):1747-54.
PMID: 12456850

Conclusions The toenail mercury level was directly associated with the risk of myocardial infarction, and the adipose-tissue DHA level was inversely associated with the risk. High mercury content may diminish the cardioprotective effect of fish intake.

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2002 November NEJM study research epidemiological humans mercury fish oils omega-3 DHA CVD CHD myocardial infarction MI risk nutrition toenail adipose-tissue medline myocardial_infarction

Mercury and the risk of coronary heart disease in men.
Yoshizawa K, Rimm EB, Morris JS, Spate VL, Hsieh CC, Spiegelman D, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC.
N Engl J Med. 2002 Nov 28;347(22):1755-60.
PMID: 12456851

Conclusions Our findings do not support an association between total mercury exposure and the risk of coronary heart disease, but a weak relation cannot be ruled out.

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2002 November NEJM Stampfer Willett study research epidemiological humans men mercury CVD CHD risk CHD_risk nutrition medline

Low-carbohydrate-diet score and the risk of coronary heart disease in women.
Halton TL, Willett WC, Liu S, Manson JE, Albert CM, Rexrode K, Hu FB.
N Engl J Med. 2006 Nov 9;355(19):1991-2002.
PMID: 17093250

Conclusions Our findings suggest that diets lower in carbohydrate and higher in protein and fat are not associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease in women. When vegetable sources of fat and protein are chosen, these diets may moderately reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.

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2006 November NEJM Willett Hu study research epidemiological humans women low-carbohydrate_diet score low-carbohydrate diet nutrition CVD CHD risk CHD_risk medline

"Good research is good for medicine. The only thing more important than good research is ethical research. The February 16th issue of the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) had a research paper on vitamin D and colon cancer. Was it good research? Was it ethical research? At stake are the lives of 36,000 older American women who agreed to participate in the Women's Health Initiative. "

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2006 May vitamindcouncil newsletter vitamin_D low-dose colon cancer colon_cancer NEJM Women's Health Initiative Women's_Health_Initiative WHI women old older elderly nutrition critique Cannell unethical ethics

Coronary calcium as a predictor of coronary events in four racial or ethnic groups.
Detrano R, Guerci AD, Carr JJ, Bild DE, Burke G, Folsom AR, Liu K, Shea S, Szklo M, Bluemke DA, O'Leary DH, Tracy R, Watson K, Wong ND, Kronmal RA.
N Engl J Med. 2008 Mar 27;358(13):1336-45.
PMID: 18367736

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2008 March NEJM study research epidemiological humans CHD CVD diagnosis diagnostic tool predictor coronary calcium scan scanning scanner heart events heart_scan score calcium_score artery arteries medline ethnicity race scans

Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or low-fat diet.
Shai I, Schwarzfuchs D, Henkin Y, Shahar DR, Witkow S, Greenberg I, Golan R, Fraser D, Bolotin A, Vardi H, Tangi-Rozental O, Zuk-Ramot R, Sarusi B, Brickner D, Schwartz Z, Sheiner E, Marko R, Katorza E, Thiery J, Fiedler GM, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Stampfer MJ; Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT) Group.
N Engl J Med. 2008 Jul 17;359(3):229-41.
PMID: 18635428

Conclusions Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate diets may be effective alternatives to low-fat diets. The more favorable effects on lipids (with the low-carbohydrate diet) and on glycemic control (with the Mediterranean diet) suggest that personal preferences and metabolic considerations might inform individualized tailoring of dietary interventions. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00160108 [ClinicalTrials.gov] .)

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2008 July NEJM clinical_trial rct weight loss weight_loss low-carbohydrate diet low-carbohydrate_diet Mediterranean Mediterranean_diet low-fat low-fat_diet nutrition Shai Stampfer glycemic control glycemic_control lipids lipid_profile DIRECT CVD medline

Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in the elderly women.
Chapuy MC, Arlot ME, Duboeuf F, Brun J, Crouzet B, Arnaud S, Delmas PD, Meunier PJ.
N Engl J Med. 1992 Dec 3;327(23):1637-42.
PMID: 1331788

CONCLUSIONS. Supplementation with vitamin D3 and calcium reduces the risk of hip fractures and other nonvertebral fractures among elderly women.

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1992 December NEJM study research clinical_trial rct humans elderly women vitamin_D vitamin_D3 calcium supplementation hip fractures fracture bone prevention nutrition osteoporosis old older Chapuy nonvertebral medline

Vitamin D intoxication associated with an over-the-counter supplement.
Koutkia P, Chen TC, Holick MF.
N Engl J Med. 2001 Jul 5;345(1):66-7.
PMID: 11439958

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2001 July NEJM study case report case_report vitamin_D poisoning intoxication toxicity safety OTC supplement supplementation Holick nutrition medline

Sebastian A, Harris ST, Ottaway JH, Todd KM, Morris RC Jr.
Improved mineral balance and skeletal metabolism in postmenopausal women treated with potassium bicarbonate.
N Engl J Med. 1994 Jun 23;330(25):1776-81.
PMID: 8190153 [PubMed - indexed for MEDL

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1994 June Mineral NEJM skeletal Metabolism Potassium Bicarbonate acid acid-base acid_base acidosis alkaline base balance bone bmd osteoporosis supplementation supplements study research nutrition medline dietary Sebastian

Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer.
Wactawski-Wende J, Kotchen JM, Anderson GL, Assaf AR, Brunner RL, O'Sullivan MJ, Margolis KL, Ockene JK, Phillips L, Pottern L, Prentice RL, Robbins J, Rohan TE, Sarto GE, Sharma S, Stefanick ML, Van Horn L, Wallace RB, Whitlock E, Bassford T, Beresford SA, Black HR, Bonds DE, Brzyski RG, Caan B, Chlebowski RT, Cochrane B, Garland C, Gass M, Hays J, Heiss G, Hendrix SL, Howard BV, Hsia J, Hubbell FA, Jackson RD, Johnson KC, Judd H, Kooperberg CL, Kuller LH, LaCroix AZ, Lane DS, Langer RD, Lasser NL, Lewis CE, Limacher MC, Manson JE; Women's Health Initiative Investigators.
N Engl J Med. 2006 Feb 16;354(7):684-96. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2006 Mar 9;354(10):1102.
PMID: 16481636

Conclusions Daily supplementation of calcium with vitamin D for seven years had no effect on the incidence of colorectal cancer among postmenopausal women. The long latency associated with the development of colorectal cancer, along with the seven-year duration of the trial, may have contributed to this null finding. Ongoing follow-up will assess the longer-term effect of this intervention.

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2006 March NEJM clinical_trial rct humans women postmenopausal vitamin_D vitamin_D3 calcium supplementation colorectal cancer colorectal_cancer risk cancer_risk incidence nutrition medline

Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in the elderly women.
Chapuy MC, Arlot ME, Duboeuf F, Brun J, Crouzet B, Arnaud S, Delmas PD, Meunier PJ.
N Engl J Med. 1992 Dec 3;327(23):1637-42.
PMID: 1331788

CONCLUSIONS. Supplementation with vitamin D3 and calcium reduces the risk of hip fractures and other nonvertebral fractures among elderly women.

content.nejm.org/...1637 - Preview

1992 December NEJM study research clinical_trial rct humans women elderly old older vitamin_D vitamin_D3 calcium supplementation hip fractures fracture prevention bone osteoporosis nutrition medline Chapuy nonvertebral

Hypovitaminosis D in medical inpatients.
Thomas MK, Lloyd-Jones DM, Thadhani RI, Shaw AC, Deraska DJ, Kitch BT, Vamvakas EC, Dick IM, Prince RL, Finkelstein JS.
N Engl J Med. 1998 Mar 19;338(12):777-83.
PMID: 9504937

Conclusions Hypovitaminosis D is common in general medical inpatients, including those with vitamin D intakes exceeding the recommended daily amount and those without apparent risk factors for vitamin D deficiency.

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1998 March NEJM study research epidemiological humans medical inpatients vitamin_D deficiency Hypovitaminosis_D common prevalence 25ohd nutrition medline

Expanding the orbit of primary prevention--moving beyond JUPITER.
Hlatky MA.
N Engl J Med. 2008 Nov 20;359(21):2280-2. Epub 2008 Nov 9. No abstract available.
PMID: 18997195

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2008 November NEJM study editorial review CVD CHD CRP JUPITER statins statin hs-CRP rosuvastatin medline risk prevention CVD_risk CHD_risk reduction risk_reduction

Conclusions For patients with coronary artery disease, the reduced rate of progression of atherosclerosis associated with intensive statin treatment, as compared with moderate statin treatment, is significantly related to greater reductions in the levels of both atherogenic lipoproteins and CRP.

Statin therapy, LDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and coronary artery disease.
Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P, Crowe T, Sasiela WJ, Tsai J, Orazem J, Magorien RD, O'Shaughnessy C, Ganz P; Reversal of Atherosclerosis with Aggressive Lipid Lowering (REVERSAL) Investigators.
N Engl J Med. 2005 Jan 6;352(1):29-38.
PMID: 15635110

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2005 January NEJM study clinical_trial rct humans patients CHD CHD_patients CVD atherosclerosis progression rate statin statins atorvastatin CRP LDL apolipoprotein_B-100 atherogenic lipoproteins medline

Conclusions C-reactive protein is a relatively moderate predictor of coronary heart disease. Recommendations regarding its use in predicting the likelihood of coronary heart disease may need to be reviewed.

C-reactive protein and other circulating markers of inflammation in the prediction of coronary heart disease.
Danesh J, Wheeler JG, Hirschfield GM, Eda S, Eiriksdottir G, Rumley A, Lowe GD, Pepys MB, Gudnason V.
N Engl J Med. 2004 Apr 1;350(14):1387-97.
PMID: 15070788

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2004 April NEJM study research epidemiological humans CRP CHD CVD CHD_risk risk factor risk_factor inflammatory marker markes inflammatory_markers inflammation medline Iceland

Conclusions The base-line plasma concentration of C-reactive protein predicts the risk of future myocardial infarction and stroke. Moreover, the reduction associated with the use of aspirin in the risk of a first myocardial infarction appears to be directly related to the level of C-reactive protein, raising the possibility that antiinflammatory agents may have clinical benefits in preventing cardiovascular disease.

Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men.
Ridker PM, Cushman M, Stampfer MJ, Tracy RP, Hennekens CH.
N Engl J Med. 1997 Apr 3;336(14):973-9. Erratum in: N Engl J Med 1997 Jul 31;337(5):356.
PMID: 9077376

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1997 April NEJM study research epidemiological humans men healthy_subjects C-reactive_protein CRP CVD CHD risk factor risk_factor myocardial_infarction MI stroke inflammation medline aspirin Stampfer

Conclusions Elevated levels of inflammatory markers, particularly C-reactive protein, indicate an increased risk of coronary heart disease. Although plasma lipid levels were more strongly associated with an increased risk than were inflammatory markers, the level of C-reactive protein remained a significant contributor to the prediction of coronary heart disease.

Inflammatory markers and the risk of coronary heart disease in men and women.
Pai JK, Pischon T, Ma J, Manson JE, Hankinson SE, Joshipura K, Curhan GC, Rifai N, Cannuscio CC, Stampfer MJ, Rimm EB.
N Engl J Med. 2004 Dec 16;351(25):2599-610.

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2004 December NEJM study research epidemiological humans inflammatory markers inflammatory_markers elevated levels elevated_levels CRP IL-6 medline CHD CVD risk factor factors risk_factor risk_factors sTNF-R1 sTNF-R2 CHD_risk Stampfer

Conclusions In this trial of apparently healthy persons without hyperlipidemia but with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, rosuvastatin significantly reduced the incidence of major cardiovascular events.

Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein.
Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA, Genest J, Gotto AM Jr, Kastelein JJ, Koenig W, Libby P, Lorenzatti AJ, MacFadyen JG, Nordestgaard BG, Shepherd J, Willerson JT, Glynn RJ; JUPITER Study Group.
N Engl J Med. 2008 Nov 20;359(21):2195-207. Epub 2008 Nov 9.
PMID: 18997196

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2008 November NEJM study research clinical_trial rct humans healthy_subjects elevated hs-CRP CRP rosuvastatin statin statins JUPITER LDL cardiovascular events cardiovascular_events CVD CHD MI stroke death risk incidence major medline diabetes

Conclusions These data suggest that the C-reactive protein level is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular events than the LDL cholesterol level and that it adds prognostic information to that conveyed by the Framingham risk score.

Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events.
Ridker PM, Rifai N, Rose L, Buring JE, Cook NR.
N Engl J Med. 2002 Nov 14;347(20):1557-65.
PMID: 12432042

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2002 November NEJM study research epidemiological humans women CVD CHD risk factor factors risk_factor risk_factors CRP LDL Comparison preditor predition medline first cardiovascular events cardiovascular_events MI stroke C-reactive_protein