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D-vitamiini ja raskaus | Tohtori Tolonen
"D-vitamiini on erittäin tärkeä ravintolisä raskaana oleville naisille, osoittaa uusi 5 miljoonan dollarin amerikkalaistutkimus. Sen mukaan nykyinen saantisuositus, 7,5 mikrogrammaa (µg) päivässä on aivan liian vähän odottaville naisille. Heidän tarpeensa on pikemminkin yli 100 mikrogrammaa päivässä, mikä vähentää puoleen ennenaikaisen synnytyksen ja infektioiden riskin. D-vitamiinilisä on erityisen tarpeen pohjoisilla alueilla kaukana päiväntasaajasta, kuten Suomessa, jossa aurinko ei anna D-vitamiinia lainkaan syys-huhtikuun välisenä aikana."
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and haplotypes, interactions with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and prostate cancer risk. - Prostate. 2007 Jun 15;67(9):911-23. - Wiley InterScience :: Journal :: Article PDF (full text
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and haplotypes, interactions with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and prostate cancer risk.
Mikhak B, Hunter DJ, Spiegelman D, Platz EA, Hollis BW, Giovannucci E.
Prostate. 2007 Jun 15;67(9):911-23.
PMID: 17440943
DOI: 10.1002/pros.20570
RESULTS
No association was found between these SNPs or their associated haplotypes and all PC subtypes except that haplotype 2 (A-f-b) with Cdx2 A, Fok1 f, and Bsm1 b alleles and haplotype 3 (A-F-B) with Cdx2 A, Fok1 F and Bsm1 B alleles compared to the most common haplotype (A-F-b), were associated with reduced risk of aggressive PC (high stage or Gleason sum 7; P = 0.02), both with two alleles suspected of being low risk. Carriers of the variant Cdx2 A allele who were deficient in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (15 ng/ml) compared to non-carriers with normal 25-hydroxyvitamin D, had a lower risk of total and poorly differentiated PCs (Gleason sum 7) (P for interaction = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D deficiency (26 pg/ml) was associated with a threefold risk of poorly differentiated PC (P for interaction = 0.01) when comparing carriers of the Cdx2 A allele to non-carriers with normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
CONCLUSION
In this population of men, none of the VDR polymorphisms studied was associated with susceptibility to PC.
Carriers of the variant Cdx2 A allele with low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D may experience a reduction in risk of total and poorly differentiated prostate cancers compared to non-carriers with adequate 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
Serum Vitamin D Concentration and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Nested Case-Control Study -- Ahn et al. 100 (11): 796 -- JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Serum vitamin D concentration and prostate cancer risk: a nested case-control study.
Ahn J, Peters U, Albanes D, Purdue MP, Abnet CC, Chatterjee N, Horst RL, Hollis BW, Huang WY, Shikany JM, Hayes RB; Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial Project Team.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 Jun 4;100(11):796-804. Epub 2008 May 27.
PMID: 18505967
doi:10.1093/jnci/djn152
CONCLUSION: The findings of this large prospective study do not support the hypothesis that vitamin D is associated with decreased risk of prostate cancer; indeed, higher circulating 25(OH)D concentrations may be associated with increased risk of aggressive disease.
In summary, results from this large prospective study of men who underwent standardized prostate cancer screening in the context of a screening trial do not support the hypothesis that higher serum vitamin D status is associated with decreased risk of prostate cancer. The study showed no association of vitamin D level with nonaggressive disease; however, it raises the possibility that higher vitamin D level may be associated with increased risks for aggressive disease, although a clear monotonic dose–response relationship was lacking. Along with recent reports of adverse associations for higher vitamin D status and risk of pancreatic (32) and esophageal (33,34) cancer, caution should be taken in recommending high doses of vitamin D or sunlight exposure to the general public for prostate cancer prevention. Future analyses are warranted to confirm these results and to further clarify the effects of vitamin D on aggressive prostate cancer.
Vitamin D can save half million babies each year: study - foodconsumer.org
"Friday Oct 16, 2009 (foodconsumer.org) -- Results of a new trial presented at an international research conference in Bruges suggest that vitamin D supplementation can reduce the risk of premature births and boost the health of newborn babies, the Times reported Oct 10.
Vitamin D deficiency, which is common everywhere, has been linked in many previous studies to a variety of illnesses from heart disease, cancers, multiple sclerosis
and many others.
In the trial, Dr. Bruce Hollis and Dr. Carol Wagner of the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, gave one group of pregnant women 4,000 IUs per day of vitamin D at about three months of pregnancy. They gave a second group 400 IUs per day, amounts recommended by U.S. and UK"
Use of vitamin D in clinical practice. - Altern Med Rev. 2008 Mar
Use of vitamin D in clinical practice.
Cannell JJ, Hollis BW.
Altern Med Rev. 2008 Mar;13(1):6-20.
PMID: 18377099
The recent discovery--from a meta-analysis of 18 randomized controlled trials--that supplemental cholecalciferol (vitamin D) significantly reduces all-cause mortality emphasizes the medical, ethical, and legal implications of promptly diagnosing and adequately treating vitamin D deficiency. Not only are such deficiencies common, and probably the rule, vitamin D deficiency is implicated in most of the diseases of civilization. Vitamin D's final metabolic product is a potent, pleiotropic, repair and maintenance, seco-steroid hormone that targets more than 200 human genes in a wide variety of tissues, meaning it has as many mechanisms of action as genes it targets. One of the most important genes vitamin D up-regulates is for cathelicidin, a naturally occurring broad-spectrum antibiotic. Natural vitamin D levels, those found in humans living in a sun-rich environment, are between 40-70 ng per ml, levels obtained by few modern humans. Assessing serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) is the only way to make the diagnosis and to assure treatment is adequate and safe. Three treatment modalities exist for vitamin D deficiency: sunlight, artificial ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, and vitamin D3 supplementation. Treatment of vitamin D deficiency in otherwise healthy patients with 2,000-7,000 IU vitamin D per day should be sufficient to maintain year-round 25(OH)D levels between 40-70 ng per mL. In those with serious illnesses associated with vitamin D deficiency, such as cancer, heart disease, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, autism, and a host of other illnesses, doses should be sufficient to maintain year-round 25(OH)D levels between 55 -70 ng per mL. Vitamin D-deficient patients with serious illness should not only be supplemented more aggressively than the well, they should have more frequent monitoring of serum 25(OH)D and serum calcium. Vitamin D should always be adjuvant treatment in patients with serious ill
Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency; Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy - 9(1):Pages 107-118 - Informa Healthcare
Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency.
Cannell JJ, Hollis BW, Zasloff M, Heaney RP.
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008 Jan;9(1):107-18.
PMID: 18076342
The recent discovery – in a randomised, controlled trial – that daily ingestion of 1100 IU of colecalciferol (vitamin D) over a 4-year period dramatically reduced the incidence of non-skin cancers makes it difficult to overstate the potential medical, social and economic implications of treating vitamin D deficiency. Not only are such deficiencies common, probably the rule, vitamin D deficiency stands implicated in a host of diseases other than cancer. The metabolic product of vitamin D is a potent, pleiotropic, repair and maintenance, secosteroid hormone that targets > 200 human genes in a wide variety of tissues, meaning it has as many mechanisms of action as genes it targets. A common misconception is that government agencies designed present intake recommendations to prevent or treat vitamin D deficiency. They did not. Instead, they are guidelines to prevent particular metabolic bone diseases. Official recommendations were never designed and are not effective in preventing or treating vitamin D deficiency and in no way limit the freedom of the physician – or responsibility – to do so. At this time, assessing serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D is the only way to make the diagnosis and to assure that treatment is adequate and safe. The authors believe that treatment should be sufficient to maintain levels found in humans living naturally in a sun-rich environment, that is, > 40 ng/ml, year around. Three treatment modalities exist: sunlight, artificial ultraviolet B radiation or supplementation. All treatment modalities have their potential risks and benefits. Benefits of all treatment modalities outweigh potential risks and greatly outweigh the risk of no treatment. As a prolonged ‘vitamin D winter’, centred on the winter solstice, occurs at many temperate latitudes, ≤ 5000 IU (125 μg) of vitamin D/day may be required in obese, aged and/or dark-skinned patients
Athletic Performance and Vitamin D : Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Athletic performance and vitamin D.
Cannell JJ, Hollis BW, Sorenson MB, Taft TN, Anderson JJ.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 May;41(5):1102-10. Review.
PMID: 19346976
doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181930c2b
Conclusions: Vitamin D may improve athletic performance in vitamin D-deficient athletes. Peak athletic performance may occur when 25(OH)D levels approach those obtained by natural, full-body, summer sun exposure, which is at least 50 ng·mL-1. Such 25(OH)D levels may also protect the athlete from several acute and chronic medical conditions.
High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation in a cohort of breastfeeding mothers and their infants: a 6-month follow-up pilot study. - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. - Breastfeeding Medicine - 1(2):59
High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation in a cohort of breastfeeding mothers and their infants: a 6-month follow-up pilot study.
Wagner CL, Hulsey TC, Fanning D, Ebeling M, Hollis BW.
Breastfeed Med. 2006 Summer;1(2):59-70.
PMID: 17661565
doi:10.1089/bfm.2006.1.59.
Objective: To examine the effect of high-dose maternal vitamin D3 (vitD) supplementation on the nutritional vitD status of breastfeeding (BF) women and their infants compared with maternal and infant controls receiving 400 and 300 IU vitD/day, respectively.
Design: Fully lactating women (n = 19) were enrolled at 1–month postpartum into a randomized- control pilot trial. Each mother received one of two treatments for a 6–month study period: 0 or 6000 IU vitD3 plus a prenatal vitamin containing 400 IU vitD3. The infants of mothers assigned to the control group received 300 IU vitD3/day; those infants of mothers in the high-dose group received 0 IU (placebo). Maternal serum and milk vitD and 25(OH)D were measured at baseline then monthly; infant serum vitD and 25(OH)D were measured at baseline, and months 4 and 7. Urinary calcium/creatinine ratios were measured monthly in both mothers and infants. Dietary and BF history and outdoor activity questionnaires were completed at each visit. Changes in skin pigmentation were measured by spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using chi-square, t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) on an intent-to-treat basis.
Conclusion: With limited sun exposure, an intake of 400 IU/day vitamin D3 did not sustain circulating maternal 25(OH)D levels, and thus, supplied only extremely limited amounts of vitamin D to the nursing infant via breast milk. Infant levels achieved exclusively through maternal supplementation were equivalent to levels in infants who received oral vitamin D supplementation. Thus, a maternal intake of 6400 IU/day vitamin D elevated circulating 25(OH)D in both mother and nursing infant.
Measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a clinical environment: challenges and needs -- Hollis 88 (2): 507S -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a clinical environment: challenges and needs.
Hollis BW.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Aug;88(2):507S-510S. Review.
PMID: 18689391
In this article, I provide an overview of the techniques available for measuring 25(OH)D, compare these techniques with one another, and assess their clinical utility. I also briefly discuss the stability of 25(OH)D in biological media and present an overview of the Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme.
GrassrootsHealth | Vitamin D Action - Vitamin D Scientists' Call to Action Statement
"We are aware of substantial scientific evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in prevention of cancer. It has been reasonably established that adequate serum vitamin D metabolite levels are associated with substantially lower incidence rates of several types of cancer, including those of the breast, colon, and ovary, and other sites.
We have concluded that the vitamin D status of most individuals in North America will need to be greatly improved for substantial reduction in incidence of cancer. Epidemiological studies have shown that higher vitamin D levels are also associated with lower risk of Type I diabetes in children and of multiple sclerosis. Several studies have found that markers of higher vitamin D levels are associated with lower incidence and severity of influenza and several other infectious diseases."
Nutritional vitamin D status during pregnancy: reasons for concern -- Hollis and Wagner 174 (9): 1287 -- Canadian Medical Association Journal
Nutritional vitamin D status during pregnancy: reasons for concern.
Hollis BW, Wagner CL.
CMAJ. 2006 Apr 25;174(9):1287-90.
PMID: 16636329
doi:10.1503/cmaj.060149.
Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Incident Ovarian Cancer — Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and risk of incident ovarian cancer.
Tworoger SS, Lee IM, Buring JE, Rosner B, Hollis BW, Hankinson SE.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 Apr;16(4):783-8.
PMID: 17416771
doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0981
Overall, our results do not suggest that plasma vitamin D levels are associated with risk of ovarian cancer. However, we observed significant associations in some subgroups, which should be evaluated further in other studies because increasing vitamin D intake is an easy preventive measure to adopt.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Seasonal Variation in an Adult South Florida Population -- Levis et al. 90 (3): 1557 -- Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vitamin d deficiency and seasonal variation in an adult South Florida population.
Levis S, Gomez A, Jimenez C, Veras L, Ma F, Lai S, Hollis B, Roos BA.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Mar;90(3):1557-62. Epub 2005 Jan 5.
PMID: 15634725
The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is considerable even in southern latitudes and should be taken into account in the evaluation of postmenopausal and male osteoporosis.
Prospective Study of Predictors of Vitamin D Status and Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Men -- Giovannucci et al. 98 (7): 451 -- JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Prospective study of predictors of vitamin D status and cancer incidence and mortality in men.
Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Rimm EB, Hollis BW, Fuchs CS, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Apr 5;98(7):451-9.
PMID: 16595781
doi:10.1093/jnci/djj101
Conclusions: Low levels of vitamin D may be associated with increased cancer incidence and mortality in men, particularly for digestive-system cancers. The vitamin D supplementation necessary to achieve a 25(OH)D increment of 25 nmol/L may be at least 1500 IU/day.
Vitamin D requirements during lactation: high-dose maternal supplementation as therapy to prevent hypovitaminosis D for both the mother and the nursing infant -- Hollis and Wagner 80 (6): 1752S -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Vitamin D requirements during lactation: high-dose maternal supplementation as therapy to prevent hypovitaminosis D for both the mother and the nursing infant.
Hollis BW, Wagner CL.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Dec;80(6 Suppl):1752S-8S.
PMID: 15585800
Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency. - Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008 Jan;9(1):107-18. (full text PDF)
Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency.
Cannell JJ, Hollis BW, Zasloff M, Heaney RP.
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008 Jan;9(1):107-18.
PMID: 18076342
DOI 10.1517/14656566.9.1.107
Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency; Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy - 9(1):Pages 107-118 - Informa Healthcare
Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency.
Cannell JJ, Hollis BW, Zasloff M, Heaney RP.
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008 Jan;9(1):107-18.
PMID: 18076342
DOI 10.1517/14656566.9.1.107
Cod liver oil, vitamin A toxicity, frequent respiratory infections, and the vitamin D deficiency epidemic.
Cod liver oil, vitamin A toxicity, frequent respiratory infections, and the vitamin D deficiency epidemic.
Cannell JJ, Vieth R, Willett W, Zasloff M, Hathcock JN, White JH, Tanumihardjo SA, Larson-Meyer DE, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Lamberg-Allardt CJ, Lappe JM, Norman AW, Zittermann A, Whiting SJ, Grant WB, Hollis BW, Giovannucci E.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2008 Nov;117(11):864-70. Review.
PMID: 19102134
Until we have better information on doses of vitamin D that will reliably provide adequate blood levels of
25(OH)D without toxicity, treatment of vitamin D deficiency in otherwise healthy children should be individualized
according to the numerous factors that affect 25(OH)D levels, such as body weight, percent body fat,
skin melanin, latitude, season of the year, and sun exposure.2 The doses of sunshine or oral vitamin D3 used
in healthy children should be designed to maintain 25(OH)D levels above 50 ng/mL. As a rule, in the absence
of significant sun exposure, we believe that most healthy children need about 1,000 IU of vitamin D3 daily
per 11 kg (25 lb) of body weight to obtain levels greater than 50 ng/mL. Some will need more, and others less.
In our opinion, children with chronic illnesses such as autism, diabetes, and/or frequent infections should be
supplemented with higher doses of sunshine or vitamin D3, doses adequate to maintain their 25(OH)D levels
in the mid-normal of the reference range (65 ng/mL) — and should be so supplemented year round. Otolaryngologists
treating children are in a good position to both diagnose and treat vitamin D deficiency.
Vitamin D vs broad spectrum phototherapy in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. - [J Nutr Health Aging. 1999] - PubMed Result
Vitamin D vs broad spectrum phototherapy in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder.
Gloth FM 3rd, Alam W, Hollis B.
J Nutr Health Aging. 1999;3(1):5-7.
PMID: 10888476
All subjects receiving vitamin D improved in all outcome measures. The phototherapy group showed no significant change in depression scale measures. Vitamin D status improved in both groups (74% vitamin D group, p < 0.005 and 36% phototherapy group, p < 0.01). Improvement in 25-OH D was significantly associated with improvement in depression scale scores (r2=0.26; p=0.05). Vitamin D may be an important treatment for SAD. Further studies will be necessary to confirm these findings..
Prospective study of predictors of vitamin D status and survival in patients with colorectal cancer - British Journal of Cancer - Abstract of article:
Prospective study of predictors of vitamin D status and survival in patients with colorectal cancer
K Ng, B M Wolpin, J A Meyerhardt, K Wu, A T Chan, B W Hollis, E L Giovannucci, M J Stampfer, W C Willett and C S Fuchs
Br J Cancer 101: 916-923; advance online publication, August 18, 2009; doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605262
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