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Effects of cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on insulin sensitivity, lipid peroxidation, and proinflammatory markers in obese men -- Risérus et al. 80 (2): 279 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Effects of cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on insulin sensitivity, lipid peroxidation, and proinflammatory markers in obese men.
Riserus U, Vessby B, Arnlov J, Basu S.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Aug;80(2):279-83.
PMID: 15277146
CONCLUSIONS: A CLA preparation containing the purified c9,t11 CLA isomer increased insulin resistance and lipid peroxidation compared with placebo in obese men. Because c9,t11 CLA occurs in commercial supplements as well as in the diet, the present results should be confirmed in larger studies that also include women.
All-New Review of Uffe Ravnskov's The Cholesterol Myths
"Cholesterol And Heart Disease — Just a Myth?
A Review of Uffe Ravnskov's The Cholesterol Myths: Exposing the Fallacy that Saturated Fat and Cholesterol Cause Heart Disease
August 21, 2008
Reviewed by Chris Masterjohn
Uffe Ravnskov's 2000 book The Cholesterol Myths was a blockbuster among skeptics of mainstream health and nutrition dogma. With the heavy credentials of an MD, PhD author, the book formed the impetus for a resurrection of once-popular cholesterol skepticism that eventually led to the formation of The International Network of Cholesterol Skeptics in 2003, of which Ravnskov is the spokesman."
Endothelial dysfunction is associated with carotid plaque: a cross-sectional study from the population based Northern Manhattan Study
Endothelial dysfunction is associated with carotid plaque: a cross-sectional study from the population based Northern Manhattan Study.
Rundek T, Hundle R, Ratchford E, Ramas R, Sciacca R, Di Tullio MR, Boden-Albala B, Miyake Y, Elkind MS, Sacco RL, Homma S.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2006 Aug 17;6:35.
PMID: 16916467
doi: 10.1186/1471-2261-6-35.
Conclusion
Decreased brachial FMD is independently associated with carotid plaque. Non-invasive evaluation of endothelial dysfunction may be a useful marker of preclinical atherosclerosis and help to individualize cardiovascular risk assessment beyond traditional risk factors.
Relationship of Dietary Linoleic Acid to Blood Pressure: The International Study of Macro-Micronutrients and Blood Pressure Study -- Miura et al. 52 (2): 408 -- Hypertension
Relationship of dietary linoleic acid to blood pressure. The International Study of Macro-Micronutrients and Blood Pressure Study [corrected]
Miura K, Stamler J, Nakagawa H, Elliott P, Ueshima H, Chan Q, Brown IJ, Tzoulaki I, Saitoh S, Dyer AR, Daviglus ML, Kesteloot H, Okayama A, Curb JD, Rodriguez BL, Elmer PJ, Steffen LM, Robertson C, Zhao L; International Study of Macro-Micronutrients and Blood Pressure Research Group.
Hypertension. 2008 Aug;52(2):408-14. Epub 2008 Jul 7. Erratum in: Hypertension. 2008 Sep;52(3):e29.
PMID: 18606902
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.112383
Dietary linoleic acid intake may contribute to prevention and control of adverse blood pressure levels in general populations
Mediterranean Diet Helps Control Diabetes
"Aug. 31, 2009 -- Eating a Mediterranean-style diet may help people with type 2 diabetes keep their disease under control without drugs better than following a typical low-fat diet.
A new study from Italy shows that people with type 2 diabetes who ate a Mediterranean diet rich in vegetables and whole grains with at least 30% of daily calories from fat (mostly olive oil) were better able to manage their disease without diabetes medications than those who ate a low-fat diet with no more than 30% of calories from fat (with less than 10% coming from saturated fat choices).
After four years, researchers found that 44% of people on the Mediterranean diet ended up requiring diabetes medications to control their blood sugars compared with 70% of those who followed the low-fat diet.
It’s one of the longest-term studies of its kind, and researchers, including Katherine Esposito, MD, of the Second University of Naples, say the results “reinforce the message that benefits of lifestyle interventions should not be overlooked.""
Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids is not associated with a reduction in carotid atherosclerosis: The Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives study - ScienceDirect - Atherosclerosis
Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids is not associated with a reduction in carotid atherosclerosis: the Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives study.
Ebbesson SO, Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Kaufman D, Fabsitz RR, Maccluer JW, Dyke B, Laston S, Wenger CR, Comuzzie AG, Romenesko T, Ebbesson LO, Nobmann ED, Howard BV.
Atherosclerosis. 2008 Aug;199(2):346-53. Epub 2007 Dec 4.
PMID: 18054937
doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.10.020
Conclusions
Dietary intake of omega-3 FAs in a moderate-to-high range does not appear to be associated with reduced plaque, but is negatively associated with IMT. The presence and extent of carotid atherosclerosis among Eskimos is higher with increasing consumption of saturated FAs.
Marine-derived n-3 fatty acids and atherosclerosis in Japanese, Japanese Americans, and Whites: a cross-sectional study
Marine-derived n-3 fatty acids and atherosclerosis in Japanese, Japanese-American, and white men: a cross-sectional study.
Sekikawa A, Curb JD, Ueshima H, El-Saed A, Kadowaki T, Abbott RD, Evans RW, Rodriguez BL, Okamura T, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Nakamura Y, Masaki K, Edmundowicz D, Kashiwagi A, Willcox BJ, Takamiya T, Mitsunami K, Seto TB, Murata K, White RL, Kuller LH; ERA JUMP (Electron-Beam Tomography, Risk Factor Assessment Among Japanese and U.S. Men in the Post-World War II Birth Cohort) Study Group.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Aug 5;52(6):417-24.
PMID: 18672160
Conclusions
Very high levels of marine-derived n-3 FAs have anti-atherogenic properties independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and may contribute to lower burden of atherosclerosis in Japanese in Japan, which is unlikely due to genetic factors.
Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D in relation to bone health. - [Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2007] - PubMed result
Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D in relation to bone health.
Cranney A, Horsley T, O'Donnell S, Weiler H, Puil L, Ooi D, Atkinson S, Ward L, Moher D, Hanley D, Fang M, Yazdi F, Garritty C, Sampson M, Barrowman N, Tsertsvadze A, Mamaladze V.
Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2007 Aug;(158):1-235. Review.
PMID: 18088161
Metabolic and physiologic improvements from consuming a paleolithic, hunter-gatherer type diet - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition - Abstract of article
Metabolic and physiologic improvements from consuming a paleolithic, hunter-gatherer type diet.
Frassetto LA, Schloetter M, Mietus-Synder M, Morris RC Jr, Sebastian A.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Aug;63(8):947-55. Epub 2009 Feb 11.
PMID: 19209185
doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.4
Conclusions: Even short-term consumption of a paleolithic type diet improves BP and glucose tolerance, decreases insulin secretion, increases insulin sensitivity and improves lipid profiles without weight loss in healthy sedentary humans.
Arch Intern Med -- 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and the Risk of Mortality in the General Population, Aug 11/25, 2008, Melamed et al. 168 (15): 1629 (full text)
25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of mortality in the general population.
Melamed ML, Michos ED, Post W, Astor B.
Arch Intern Med. 2008 Aug 11;168(15):1629-37.
PMID: 18695076
Conclusion The lowest quartile of 25(OH)D level (<17.8 ng/mL) is independently associated with all-cause mortality in the general population.
African Americans, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and osteoporosis: a paradox -- Aloia 88 (2): 545S -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
African Americans, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and osteoporosis: a paradox.
Aloia JF.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Aug;88(2):545S-550S. Review.
PMID: 18689399
African Americans have lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and a lower risk of fragility fractures than do other populations. I review the evidence on factors other than vitamin D that might explain this paradox and the calcium economy in different life stages.
Measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a clinical environment: challenges and needs -- Hollis 88 (2): 507S -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a clinical environment: challenges and needs.
Hollis BW.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Aug;88(2):507S-510S. Review.
PMID: 18689391
In this article, I provide an overview of the techniques available for measuring 25(OH)D, compare these techniques with one another, and assess their clinical utility. I also briefly discuss the stability of 25(OH)D in biological media and present an overview of the Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme.
Fish Oil-Fed Mice Have Impaired Resistance to Influenza Infection -- Schwerbrock et al. 139 (8): 1588 -- Journal of Nutrition
Fish oil-fed mice have impaired resistance to influenza infection.
Schwerbrock NM, Karlsson EA, Shi Q, Sheridan PA, Beck MA.
J Nutr. 2009 Aug;139(8):1588-94. Epub 2009 Jun 23.
PMID: 19549756
doi:10.3945/jn.109.108027
These results suggest that the antiinflammatory properties of fish oil feeding can alter the immune response to influenza infection, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality
Effects of daily ingestion of chilli on serum lipoprotein oxidation in adult men and women
Effects of daily ingestion of chilli on serum lipoprotein oxidation in adult men and women.
Ahuja KD, Ball MJ.
Br J Nutr. 2006 Aug;96(2):239-42.
PMID: 16923216
In conclusion, regular consumption of chilli for 4 weeks increases the resistance of serum lipoproteins to oxidation.
Cholesterol, coconuts, and diet on Polynesian atolls: a natural experiment: the Pukapuka and Tokelau island studies -- Prior et al. 34 (8): 1552 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (full text PDF)
Cholesterol, coconuts, and diet on Polynesian atolls: a natural experiment: the Pukapuka and Tokelau island studies.
Prior IA, Davidson F, Salmond CE, Czochanska Z.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1981 Aug;34(8):1552-61.
PMID: 7270479
Two populations of Polynesians living on atolls near the equator provide an opportunity to investigate the relative effects of saturated fat and dietary cholesterol in determining serum cholesterol levels. The habitual diets of the toll dwellers from both Pukapuka and Tokelau are high in saturated fat but low in dietary cholesterol and sucrose. Coconut is the chief source of energy for both groups. Tokelauans obtain a much higher percentage of energy from coconut than the Pukapukans, 63% compared with 34%, so their intake of saturated fat is higher. The serum cholesterol levels are 35 to 40 mg higher in Tokelauans than in Pukapukans. These major differences in serum cholesterol levels are considered to be due to the higher saturated fat intake of the Tokelauans. Analysis of a variety of food samples, and human fat biopsies show a high lauric (12:0) and myristic (14:0) content. Vascular disease is uncommon in both populations and there is no evidence of the high saturated fat intake having a harmful effect in these populations.
Plasma Vitamin D and 25OHD Responses of Young and Old Men to Supplementation with Vitamin D3 -- Harris and Dawson-Hughes 21 (4): 357 -- Journal of the American College of Nutrition
Plasma vitamin D and 25OHD responses of young and old men to supplementation with vitamin D3.
Harris SS, Dawson-Hughes B.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2002 Aug;21(4):357-62.
PMID: 12166534
Conclusions: There appears to be no age-related impairment among men in the absorption or metabolism of 20 µg/day of vitamin D3 taken orally for at least eight weeks.
JAMA -- Neurological Development of 5-Year-Old Children Receiving a Low-Saturated Fat, Low-Cholesterol Diet Since Infancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial, August 23, 2000, Rask-Nissilä et al. 284 (8): 993
Neurological development of 5-year-old children receiving a low-saturated fat, low-cholesterol diet since infancy: A randomized controlled trial.
Rask-Nissilä L, Jokinen E, Terho P, Tammi A, Lapinleimu H, Rönnemaa T, Viikari J, Seppänen R, Korhonen T, Tuominen J, Välimäki I, Simell O.
JAMA. 2000 Aug 23-30;284(8):993-1000.
PMID: 10944645
Conclusion Our data indicate that repeated child-targeted dietary counseling of parents during the first 5 years of a child's life lessens age-associated increases in children's serum cholesterol and is compatible with normal neurological development
Animal Pharm: Benefits of High-Saturated Fat Diets (Part V): The Traditional Okinawans
According to Dr. Willcox, Principal Investor for the Okinawa Centenarian Study that started in 1975, "Among the entire population, which takes a sparing approach to food, there is 90 percent less coronary artery disease than in the wider world, a third less incidence of cancer, and breast cancer is virtually unheard of." HERE. In long-living Okinawan and Japanese, their dietary intake as surveyed in the 1970s was higher in both protein and dietary saturated fatty acids (see below abstract) compared to their shorter-lived peers at that time. When Okinawans move away (like to Brazil) heart disease risk factors appear (see last abstract). Diet is 80-90% of our health I believe because our bodies are designed to express what is dictated by our environment and food macro- micronutrients (foraging/hunting v. lounging; fecundity v. fasting). (These are the PPAR alpha gamma and delta receptors; their role is to 'sense nutrients' and to 'sense energy demand' in order to ultimately balance our energy needs). To me, the observations from blue zones and centenarian data always seem to reinforce that the physically active, low carb mod-high fat Paleo/TYP approach is the most optimal at this time, as it was for centenarians studied in the 1970s.
Whole Health Source: Composition of the Hunter-Gatherer Diet
I bumped into a fascinating paper today by Dr. Loren Cordain titled "Plant-Animal Subsistence Ratios and Macronutrient Estimations in Worldwide Hunter-Gatherer Diets." Published in 2000 in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, the paper estimates the food sources and macronutrient intakes of historical hunter-gatherers based on data from 229 different groups. Based on the available data, these groups did not suffer from the diseases of civilization. This is typical of hunter-gatherers.
Initial data came from the massive Ethnographic Atlas by Dr. George P. Murdock, and was analyzed further by Cordain and his collaborators. Cordain is a professor at Colorado State University, and a longtime proponent of paleolithic diets for health. He has written extensively about the detrimental effects of grains and other modern foods. Here's his website.
Mutagens in coffee and other beverages. - Environ Health Perspect. 1986 Aug;67:89-91.
Mutagens in coffee and other beverages.
Nagao M, Fujita Y, Wakabayashi K, Nukaya H, Kosuge T, Sugimura T.
Environ Health Perspect. 1986 Aug;67:89-91.
PMID: 3757962
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