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Vitamin D deficiency is associated with worse cognitive performance and lower bone density in older African Americans.
Wilkins CH, Birge SJ, Sheline YI, Morris JC.
J Natl Med Assoc. 2009 Apr;101(4):349-54.
PMID: 19397226

CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency in older African Americans was associated with worse cognitive performance and lower BMD of the hip

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...19397226 - Preview

2009 April study research epidemiological humans older old elderly African Americans vitamin_D deficiency 25ohd low_levels worse cognitive performance cognition nutrition African_Americans BMD bone hip osteoporosis medline

African Americans, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and osteoporosis: a paradox.
Aloia JF.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Aug;88(2):545S-550S. Review.
PMID: 18689399

African Americans have lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and a lower risk of fragility fractures than do other populations. I review the evidence on factors other than vitamin D that might explain this paradox and the calcium economy in different life stages.

www.ajcn.org/...545S - Preview

2008 August ajcn study review Aloia African Americans black humans 25ohd calcidiol vitamin_D status osteoporosis bone health paradox fractures nutrition fracture risk medline blacks African_Americans skin color

"It's well known that African Americans have low levels of vitamin D in their blood. In fact, this seems to be generally true for humans of tropical origin. In a study from Hawaii, vitamin D status was assessed in healthy, visibly tanned young adults who averaged 22.4 hours per week of unprotected sun exposure. Yet 51% had levels below the current recommended minimum of 75 nmol/L (Binkley et al., 2007). In a study from south India, levels below 50 nmol/L were found in 44% of the men and 70% of the women. The subjects are described as "agricultural workers starting their day at 0800 and working outdoors until 1700 with their face, chest, back, legs, arms, and forearms exposed to sunlight" (Harinarayan et al., 2007). In a study from Saudi Arabia, levels below 25 nmol/L were found in respectively 35%, 45%, 53%, and 50% of normal male university students of Saudi, Jordanian, Egyptian, and other origins (Sedrani, 1984)."

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2009 July evoandproud blog_article review African Americans African_Americans black dark skin color vitamin_D 25ohd UVB nutrition Peter Frost references