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18 Jan 09

Élaboration de scénarios de conditions météo quotidiennes et de danger d’incendie au moyen de deux modèles de circulation générale

fire.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/...gcm_work_f.htm - Preview

US National Assessment of Climate Change. Overview: Agriculture

www.usgcrp.gov/...overviewagriculture.htm - Preview

agriculture climate change

Cropland
grasslands, and permanent grazing and

pasturelands
17 more annotations...
- The value of agricultural commodities (food and fiber) exceeds $165
  
  billion at the farm level and over $500 billion, 10% of GDP, after
  
  processing and marketing
- Agricultural productivity has
  
  improved at over 1% per year since 1950, resulting in a decline in both
  
  production costs and prices
- off-site consequences of soil erosion
- livestock wastes
- crop agriculture
- climate change, as defined by the scenarios examined
  
  in this Assessment, will not imperil the ability of the US to feed its
  
  population and to export foodstuffs
- Crops
  
  showing generally positive results include cotton, corn for grain and
  
  silage, soybeans, sorghum, barley, sugar beets, and citrus fruits.
  
  Pastures also show positive results.
- CO2
  
  fertilization effect
- Greater concentrations of CO2
  
  generally result in higher photosynthesis rates and may also reduce
  
  water losses from plants
- on-farm adaptation options
- changes in planting dates and changes in
  
  varieties
- dryland
  
  crops
- Two scenarios of future climate, the Canadian and Hadley
- Economically, consumers benefit from lower prices while producers'
  
  profits decline
- The estimated $4-5 billion reduction in producers'
  
  profits represents a 13-17% loss of income, while the savings of $3-6
  
  billion to consumers represent less than a 1% reduction in the consumers'
  
  food and fiber expenditures. This large difference exists because much of
  
  the final cost of agricultural goods to consumers reflects processing,
  
  transportation, and retailing costs that the models used here assume are
  
  not affected by climate.
- Economic Impacts of climate change under the Canadian and Hadley
  
  climates.
- The smaller producer losses in the Hadley scenario, despite
  
  greater productivity gains and price changes, reflect the fact that the US
  
  farmers' advantage over foreign competitors grows and they are thus able
  
  to significantly increase export volume.

13 Nov 08

FT.com / Partnership Publishing - Growing concerns

www.ft.com/...f9-11dd-bf00-000077b07658.html - Preview

agriculture climate

Europe’s grocery basket
below-average rainfall
5 more annotations...
- farmers across the world use 1.4bn hectares of land for crops – about 10 per cent of the total ice-free land – and another 2.5bn for pasture.
- more than 200m hectares of arable land is under irrigation, using about 75 per cent of fresh water resources withdrawn from aquifers, lakes and rivers by human activity.
- Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: Challenges and Opportunities for Food Security
- farming is responsible for 25 per cent of carbon dioxide emissions, largely from deforestation; 50 per cent of methane emissions through rice and fermentation processes; and more than 75 per cent of nitrous oxides, mainly from fertiliser application, emitted annually by human activities.
- Africa will suffer acutely, with predictions of a more than 30 per cent decline in cereal output by 2050.

Will the Next Ice Age Be Permanent? - Dot Earth Blog - NYTimes.com

dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/...will-next-ice-age-be-permanent - Preview

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