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20 Feb 09

Crop Scientists Say Biotechnology Seed Companies Are Thwarting Research - NYTimes.com

www.nytimes.com/...20crop.html - Preview

agriculture biotech

Biotechnology Seed Companies
Crop Scientists
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- rootworms
- corn-insect specialists
- genetically engineered seeds
- growers honor company patent rights and environmental regulations
- land-grant universities with big agricultural programs
- the industry’s chokehold on research
- Pioneer Hi-Bred
- genetically engineered sugar beet seeds
- An E.P.A. scientific advisory panel plans to hold two meetings next week.
- One will consider a request from Pioneer Hi-Bred for a new method that would reduce how much of a farmer’s field must be set aside as a refuge aimed at preventing insects from becoming resistant to its insect-resistant corn.

19 Feb 09

Sarkozy veut consolider l'agriculture avant la réforme de la Pac - Le Monde.fr

www.lemonde.fr/...0,14-0,39-38504347@7-37,0.html - Preview

agriculture France réforme consolider

01 Feb 09

Le désherbant le plus vendu au monde mis en accusation - Planète - Le Monde.fr

www.lemonde.fr/...n-accusation_1139824_3244.html - Preview

agriculture OGM

18 Jan 09

US National Assessment of Climate Change. Overview: Agriculture

www.usgcrp.gov/...overviewagriculture.htm - Preview

agriculture climate change

Cropland
grasslands, and permanent grazing and

pasturelands
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- The value of agricultural commodities (food and fiber) exceeds $165
  
  billion at the farm level and over $500 billion, 10% of GDP, after
  
  processing and marketing
- Agricultural productivity has
  
  improved at over 1% per year since 1950, resulting in a decline in both
  
  production costs and prices
- off-site consequences of soil erosion
- livestock wastes
- crop agriculture
- climate change, as defined by the scenarios examined
  
  in this Assessment, will not imperil the ability of the US to feed its
  
  population and to export foodstuffs
- Crops
  
  showing generally positive results include cotton, corn for grain and
  
  silage, soybeans, sorghum, barley, sugar beets, and citrus fruits.
  
  Pastures also show positive results.
- CO2
  
  fertilization effect
- Greater concentrations of CO2
  
  generally result in higher photosynthesis rates and may also reduce
  
  water losses from plants
- on-farm adaptation options
- changes in planting dates and changes in
  
  varieties
- dryland
  
  crops
- Two scenarios of future climate, the Canadian and Hadley
- Economically, consumers benefit from lower prices while producers'
  
  profits decline
- The estimated $4-5 billion reduction in producers'
  
  profits represents a 13-17% loss of income, while the savings of $3-6
  
  billion to consumers represent less than a 1% reduction in the consumers'
  
  food and fiber expenditures. This large difference exists because much of
  
  the final cost of agricultural goods to consumers reflects processing,
  
  transportation, and retailing costs that the models used here assume are
  
  not affected by climate.
- Economic Impacts of climate change under the Canadian and Hadley
  
  climates.
- The smaller producer losses in the Hadley scenario, despite
  
  greater productivity gains and price changes, reflect the fact that the US
  
  farmers' advantage over foreign competitors grows and they are thus able
  
  to significantly increase export volume.

16 Jan 09

Climate change could be slowed by planting crop varieties that reflect more sunlight, claim food scientists | Environment | guardian.co.uk

www.guardian.co.uk/...echange-scienceofclimatechange - Preview

wheat barley crops agriculture global warming

higher-albedo crops
the biofuel minefield
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- you could not displace any food production
- To encourage them to grow these reflective crops, farmers could be rewarded with carbon credits
- farmers could earn 23 euros per hectare for the CO2 they prevent from reaching the air
- waxier leaves
- leaves arranged to reflect more sunlight
- geo-engineering schemes

26 Dec 08

Une théorie lie débuts de l'agriculture et réchauffement - Planète - Le Monde.fr

www.lemonde.fr/...echauffement_1134733_3244.html - Preview

agriculture climat

anthropocène
paléoclimatologue
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- gaz à effet de serre - dioxyde de carbone (CO₂) et méthane (CH₄)
- carottes glaciaires
- insolation
- oscillations cycliques de ses paramètres orbitaux (forme de l'ellipse, inclinaison sur le plan de rotation

06 Dec 08

A Pitch to Obama on Food and Farming - Diner's Journal Blog - NYTimes.com

dinersjournal.blogs.nytimes.com/...foodies-make-a-pitch-to-obama - Preview

agriculture AgSec USA

28 Nov 08

Réduire les pesticides, un défi pour l'agriculture - Planète - Le Monde.fr

www.lemonde.fr/...-agriculture_1123859_3244.html - Preview

pesticides environnement agriculture

L'UE est la première région consommatrice de pesticides au monde.
300 substances
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- liens entre l'exposition aux pesticides et le développement de cancers, d'atteinte aux organes génitaux masculins, et d'altération de la fertilité, en particulier chez les agriculteurs, qui sont les premiers concernés.
- "paquet pesticides"
- critères d'autorisation des molécules
- substances cancérigènes, mutagènes, et toxiques pour la reproduction (CRM), de niveaux 1 et 2
- molécules neurotoxiques et immunotoxiques, et les substances nocives pour les abeilles.
- protection intégrée des cultures
- diversification des rotations, utilisation de variétés résistantes aux maladies, réduction de la densité des semis, amélioration de la surveillance et des systèmes d'alerte en cas d'attaques de ravageurs, utilisation de pesticides issus de substances naturelles
- plan français de réduction des usages de pesticides

24 Nov 08

CL 121/5

www.fao.org/...033t-e.htm - Preview

agriculture plant genetic resources FAO

LEGUME FORAGES

From genes to farmers' fields

www.eurekalert.org/...irri-fgt112008.php - Preview

genetics agriculture

Waterproof rice
state seed certification agencies
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- flood-tolerant versions
- susceptible counterparts
- rice breeder
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
- German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)
- gene is switched on
- Bangladesh's annual rice shortfall
- precision breeding
- Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR)

Intellectual Property Watch » Traité international sur les ressources phytogénétiques pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture: des objectifs difficiles à mettre en œuvre

www.ip-watch.org/...index.php - Preview

FAO biodiversity agriculture

Traité international sur les ressources phytogénétiques pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture (TIRPG)
système multilatéral d’accès et de partage des avantages
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- Droits des agriculteurs
- semences de ferme
- matériel de multiplication
- espèces cultivées
- conservation, la caractérisation, l’évaluation et l’utilisation de ressources génétiques
- Fédération Internationale des Semences (ISF)
- Organe directeur
- engagement à ne pas les replanter
- principe de souveraineté alimentaire
- semences fermières

22 Nov 08

Renergie’s Weblog

renergie.wordpress.com - Preview

agriculture ethanol biofuels

UL certified E85 fuel dispensers and blender pumps
E20 fuel waiver request
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- midlevel blends
- American Coalition for Ethanol
- 80 retail stations
- station owners
- standard nonflexible fuel engines
- Underwriters Laboratory Inc. approved fuel dispensers
- UL certification
- hose, nozzle, and other hardware elements
- fire marshals
- Ethanol Promotion and Information Council
- big box retailers
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- nonroad engines

The Behind-the-Scenes Struggle Over Ethanol - US News and World Report

www.usnews.com/...nes-struggle-over-ethanol.html - Preview

agriculture biofuels ethanol

Glover Park Group

The Behind-the-Scenes Struggle Over Ethanol - US News and World Report

www.usnews.com/...nes-struggle-over-ethanol.html - Preview

ethanol agriculture biofuels

Renewable Fuels Association
flagging reputation
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- backroom dispute
- land use changes

Obama Under Pressure Over Role of Ethanol in Energy Policy - US News and World Report

www.usnews.com/...-ethanol-in-energy-policy.html - Preview

ethanol biofuels agriculture

far-reaching overhaul of the current biofuel policy
sharp cutbacks on ethanol subsidies
16 more annotations...
- advanced biofuels
- nonfood alternatives like grasses, husks, and waste products
- cellulosic ethanol
- do the benefits of ethanol, corn or otherwise, outweigh the costs
- Energy Information Administration
- Friends of the Earth
- ethanol from algae
- Algenol Biofuels
- land is often cleared to grow crops for fuel
- Advanced Biofuel Industry Development Initiative
- alternative transportation fuel legislation
- hydrous ethanol pilot program
- Field-to-Pump Strategy
- waterlogging
- saline-alkaline soils
- marginal soils, ranging from heavy clay to light sand

13 Nov 08

FT.com / Partnership Publishing - Growing concerns

www.ft.com/...f9-11dd-bf00-000077b07658.html - Preview

agriculture climate

Europe’s grocery basket
below-average rainfall
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- farmers across the world use 1.4bn hectares of land for crops – about 10 per cent of the total ice-free land – and another 2.5bn for pasture.
- more than 200m hectares of arable land is under irrigation, using about 75 per cent of fresh water resources withdrawn from aquifers, lakes and rivers by human activity.
- Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: Challenges and Opportunities for Food Security
- farming is responsible for 25 per cent of carbon dioxide emissions, largely from deforestation; 50 per cent of methane emissions through rice and fermentation processes; and more than 75 per cent of nitrous oxides, mainly from fertiliser application, emitted annually by human activities.
- Africa will suffer acutely, with predictions of a more than 30 per cent decline in cereal output by 2050.

11 Nov 08

Ethanol will curb farm income until economy rebounds, economist says

www.eurekalert.org/...uoia-ewc111008.php - Preview

ethanol agriculture prices

economy rebounds
record profits
6 more annotations...
- agriculture's fortunes are now tethered more to ethanol than food
- sharp price swings
- recessionary impacts
- global economic meltdown
- growers locked in prices
- at head-snapping speed

'Arid aquaculture' among livelihoods promoted to relieve worsening pressure on world's drylands

www.eurekalert.org/...unu-aa110308.php - Preview

agriculture arid aquaculture

Arid aquaculture
drylands
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- International Centre on Agricultural Research in Dryland Areas (ICARDA),
- UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Program
- briny water
- brackish water
- dryland soaps
- sustainable drylands ecotourism
- People in Marginal Drylands: Managing Natural Resources to Improve Human Well-being
- Sustainable Management of Marginal Drylands (SUMAMAD) project
- dryland dwellers
- UNU's International Network on Water, Environment and Health
- Drylands constitute more than 40% of the global land area
- They are home to nearly a third of the global population, about 2 billion in all, over 90% of whom live in developing countries.
- Drylands degradation results from a combination of local drivers (droughts, inappropriate irrigation systems, deforestation, overgrazing, and poor land use practices), and global drivers (demography, agricultural policies or global climate change).
- Conservative estimates of the extent of desertified drylands range from 10 to 20 percent while a much larger area is at risk
- Management practices that build on the right mix of traditional knowledge, contemporary technology and innovative scientific research yield optimum results
- rainwater, floodwaters and groundwater resources
- water storage cisterns and ponds
- new desalination technologies using solar energy were successfully introduced
- well water
- the grassland ecosystem
- Dryland Science for Development (DSD) Consortium
- UN Convention to Combat Desertification
- the doom and gloom scenarios

05 Nov 08

My Voice: Rescue begins with American agriculture and energy | argusleader.com | Argus Leader

www.argusleader.com/...article - Preview

agriculture

As Thomas Jefferson said, "Cultivators of the earth are the most valuable citizens. They are the most vigorous, the most independent, the most virtuous, and they are tied to their country and wedded to its liberty and interests by the most lasting bands."
cultivators of the earth
2 more annotations...
- stewards of the land
- We have the technology and know-how to shift our agricultural practices toward sustainable production and a focus on food security that will help see this country through tough times.

17 Jul 08

Foreign Policy: Missing Links: The Global Food Fight

www.foreignpolicy.com/...cms.php - Preview

food crisis agriculture

Household surveys show that the poor already devote half of their spending to food
The World Bank estimates that high food prices will quickly pull 100 million people back below the poverty line
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- In fact, the demand for both rice and wheat has not matched the increase in the world’s population—that is, consumers
- Innovations in animal genetics, nutrition, and production methods have revolutionized the efficiency of the production of chicken, pork, and beef. The meat produced per unit of grain feed has increased 40 percent in East Asia since 1990, for example
- And one of the fundamental realities that financial speculators are exploiting is that the existing inventories of agricultural commodities are at record lows. In the past 25 years, most countries gradually abandoned the policy of stocking grains and other agricultural commodities.
- harvest cycles
- these government decisions are responsible for more than 50 percent of the recent increase in food prices and will account for more than 33 percent of food inflation in the next decade

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