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20 Dec 09
US: Iraq not ‘pushed around’ by Iran | Antiwar Newswire
A proxy war for the benefit of an interested party to use as cover?
wire.antiwar.com/...aq-not-pushed-around-by-iran-2 - Preview
Iraq Iran US al-Fakkah-oil-field border Iranian-soldiers Iraqi-military Admiral-Mullen General-Odierno proxy-war
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US: Iraq not 'pushed around' by Iran
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US praises speedy Iraqi reaction to oil well dispute, worries over Iran's influence
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ANNE GEARAN and LARA JAKES
AP News
Dec 19, 2009 07:56 EST
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Add Sticky NoteIraq is "not going to be pushed around" by Iran, the top U.S. diplomat in Iraq said Saturday following an Iranian takeover of an oil well along the two nations' disputed border.
- Big Bro: "Yeah..That's right..You gone take that off them, Iraq? Huh? Yah need to show'em you ain't no wimp and Iran ain't gone be run'n this playground. We is..uh..er..I..I mean, we is. - on 2009-12-20
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U.S. officials said they approved of Iraq's speedy defense of its sovereignty amid ongoing concerns over Iran's influence on its Mideast neighbor.
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"It does speak to the overall view here that they are not going to be pushed around by Iran," U.S. Ambassador to Iraq Chris Hill told reporters.
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Iranian forces earlier this week crossed into Iraq, seizing an oil well just over the border in the southern Maysan province. The takeover — which included planting an Iranian flag on the well — was met by protests from Baghdad.
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It served as a dramatic display of the sometimes tense relations between the wary allies.
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Iraqi authorities on Saturday prevented media representatives from visiting the area at the al-Fakkah oil field, located about 200 miles (about 320 kilometers) southeast of Baghdad.
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Top Iraqi national security officials said the well was clearly in Iraqi territory and demanded that the Iranians leave immediately.
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High-level diplomatic talks between Iraq and Iran are continuing, said Iraqi deputy foreign minister Labid Abbawi.
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"The situation this morning is the same: the Iranians have not withdrawn from the well," Abbawi told The Associated Press. "We are still sticking to our position in demanding an immediate withdrawal of Iranian forces from the oil well."
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Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Rahmin Mehmanparast denied that Tehran had seized the oil well and sought only to reduce tensions between the neighbors, accusing foreign media of spreading false news to "disrupt good relations" between Tehran and Baghdad.
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"Diplomatic and technical mechanisms" were the way to deal with the issue, said Hasan Kazemi Qomi, the ambassador to Iraq, according to the semiofficial Fars news agency.
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Army Gen. Ray Odierno, commander of U.S. forces in Iraq, told reporters that the Iranian forces had withdrawn from the oil well as of Saturday morning. But an oil worker at the field said five Iranians remain inside the well, and the Iranian flag still flew above it.
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The worker, who did not want to be identified for fear of retribution, said Iranian troops were watching the well from a hillside on Iran's side of the border.
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An Iraqi Interior Ministry official, meanwhile, said Iraqi troops and border guards have moved to a staging ground about a kilometer from the well, awaiting orders.
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The official, who was at the scene, was not authorized to discuss the situation with the media and spoke on condition of anonymity.
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It was not clear as well what kind of Iranian forces had been at the well. An Iraqi official and an eyewitness described them as soldiers. The Iraqi government spokesman described them only as an armed Iranians.
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Earlier Saturday, the top American military official said the oil well takeover appeared to be the latest example of Iran flexing its influence over Iraq and other Mideast nations.
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However, Joint Chiefs Chairman Adm. Mike Mullen called it an issue for the Iraqi government to settle, and said there were no plans by the United States to intervene.
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Once bitter enemies, Iraq and Iran settled into a more positive, if still uneasy, relationship after a Shiite-led government came to power following the 2003 U.S.-led invasion.
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"I continue to worry about the influence of Iran," Mullen, in Iraq for a two-day visit with U.S. and Iraqi authorities, said at a news conference in Baghdad.
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"I still think it's important that Iran have a constructive, positive influence in this region and globally. And there are just too many examples where that is not the case."
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Odierno also said Iran continues to fund and train fighters in Iraq, as well as send weapons and equipment over the border — although less frequently now than in the past.
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Add Sticky NoteAnalysts said it was too early to say whether the incident would mushroom into greater tension but said it could raise concerns with oil companies looking to invest in Iraq.
- Yep..useful in kicking off another major conflageration in the area and one that would useful to Israel (and/or the U.S.) in striking Iran's nuclear facilities. - on 2009-12-20
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Oil prices rose slightly after news of the incident.
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Iraqi Troops Mass Along Iran Border -- News from Antiwar.com
A little proxy going on here? Heating the grill so that when it flames just right there is the pretext for a US/Israeli strike against Iran? Sounds to me as well that U.S. Ambassador Hill's comments are stoking the fire rather than removing the fuel that feeds it.
news.antiwar.com/...-troops-mass-along-iran-border - Preview
Iraq Iran borders Middle-East Maysan-Oil-Field Iraqi-troops Iranian-soldiers staging-area Ambassador-Chris-Hill
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Iraqi Troops Mass Along Iran Border
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US Envoy Declares Iraq 'Not Going to Be Pushed Around by Iran'
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by Jason Ditz,
December 19, 2009 -
Tensions are rising at the Eastern Maysan oil field, which straddles the border between Iran and Iraq, and Iraqi forces have massed at a “staging area” just outside the field, awaiting orders.
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The situation started yesterday when Iraq’s Deputy Foreign Minister claimed 11 Iranian soldiers had “invaded” the nation and occupied one of the abandoned oil wells.
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US officials say they approve of Iraq’s escalation of the as yet unclear situation,
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and Ambassador Chris Hill declared that it “speaks to the overall view here that they are not going to be pushed around by Iran.”
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Iran said reports of its invasion were misleading, adding that the field’s ownership is “disputed and now it is neglected by both sides.”
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They added that the well in question lies “exactly on the border between Iraq and Iran.”
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17 Dec 09
On brink of religious war? - Israel Opinion, Ynetnews
www.ynetnews.com/...0,7340,L-3819438,00.html - Preview
Israel Jews Arabs Palestinian religion IDF government Middle-East Messiah Temple-Mount war Iran fanatics
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On brink of religious war?
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Fanatic wave sweeping through region, both in Arab states and in Israel
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Dan Caspi
Published:12.15.09 -
The torching of the mosque
in Yasuf, displays of insubordination
by soldiers from hesder yeshivas, the rabbis’ revolt against the construction freeze policy,
and Justice Minister Ne’eman’s endorsement
of Torah law in Israel
combine to create a worrying picture: -
Israel is radicalizing, and with a more religious IDF is confidently heading towards a regional religious war.
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Prof. Dan Caspi -
It was also no coincidence that Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu
saw fit to allay tensions around Temple Mount a few weeks ago. -
The words he uttered during the government session were meant for Israel’s Arab citizens, yet their true target must be wider – Arabs, Palestinians, and Jews alike.
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Those terrified by the Iranian nuclear threat can relax. The State of Israel faces a greater threat in respect to the conflict vis-à-vis Palestinians and Arab states escalating into an all-out religious war.
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The Middle East’s soil is drenched with the blood of the faithful who arrived here via long Crusades in order to save the Holy Land from infidels.
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After all, no monotheistic religion can bear the faithful of another religion. When faith is burning in one’s bones, logic and common sense grow silent.
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This was the case in the past, and apparently this is happening right before our eyes at this time.
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For dozens of years, the conflict vis-à-vis Arab states, and particularly with the Palestinians, was managed in the pragmatic theater, mostly around the notion of partitioning the land. Religious values and birthrights supported other considerations.
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While there was always a religious and fanatic minority, leaders always knew how to isolate it rather than be led by it. Each side realized that turning this historical conflict into a religious one is destructive and would lead to explosion.
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The centrifuges at the mosques and synagogues could fan the flames of religion and lead to disaster.
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Ongoing leadership crisis
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Yet it appears that the delicate status quo in managing this complex conflict has been distorted in recent years.
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A global wave of religious fundamentalism is sweeping through our region too; and not only in Islamic states, but rather, in Israel as well.
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Under the new circumstances, religious values are shifting to the center of the political spectrum and a fanatical religious minority is able to sweep the entire camp.
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A growing wave of “Messiah Now” has crossed the Green Line and is now threatening to sweep the entire Jewish public.
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First, religion had always provided a comprehensive response to the complexity of life and also to conflict with rivals.
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So why is it happening?
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Secondly, the secular public and its leaders sank into the luxury of economic abundance, a sort of hedonistic escapism, while failing to come up with a convincing alternative for managing and resolving the conflict.
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Finally, the limited ability to manage the conflict in a pragmatic and tolerable manner has to do with the ongoing crisis in our political leadership.
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Upon the departure of our founding fathers, the political arena became the default choice for mediocre people who failed to find their place in other systems.
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Most prominent in this respect are the military leaders who shifted to politics, only to have their intellectual shallowness fully exposed.
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In order to be accepted into and survive in the political arena, these former army chiefs and senior officers adopted, for lack of other choice, traditional thinking patterns including religious values adhered to by the fanatic minority.
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What’s more simplistic and convenient than enlisting public support via zealous and overly passionate rhetoric?
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This is the essence of the leadership crisis and the difference between a leader and a politician:
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A leader is capable of shaping the public’s views and leading it to new and unconventional paths, while a politician is led by the public and remains a captive of its urges.
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The wretched conflict in our region has always been positioned on top of a powder keg about to blow up at any moment.
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The nuclear fuse is indeed new, yet the question was and remains as follows: How do we keep it, along with the religious fuse, away from reckless hands?
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The real leadership test requires resourcefulness in order to restrain religious aspirations on both sides, isolate the fanatical and active minority, and shift the management of the conflict vis-à-vis the Arab world back to a pragmatic and rational approach.
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Professor Dan Caspi, Ben-Gurion University’s Department of Communication Studies
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29 Nov 09
The Vril Society, Aliens and the Coming Master Race - page 2
Page 2
www.ufodigest.com/...vril-society2.php - Preview
Edward-Bulwer-Lytton racial-politics master-race Nazis Gobineau Schopenhauer Aryans Nordics euthanasia sterilization race Iran India Guido-von-List Rosenberg Karl-Brandt Vril Theosophy
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The Vril Society, Aliens and the Coming Master Race
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The Coming Race (original title), also reprinted as Vril: The Power of the Coming Race is a novel published in 1870 by Edward Bulwer-Lytton.
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The novel is an early example of science fiction, sometimes cited as the first of this genre.
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However, many early readers believed that its account of a superior subterranean master race and the energy-form called Vril was accurate, to the extent that some theosophists accepted the book as truth.
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Furthermore, since 1960 there is a conspiracy theory about a secret Vril-Society.
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The origins of the Nazi version of the theory of the master race were in 19th century racial theories of Count Arthur de Gobineau, who argued that cultures degenerate when distinct races mix.
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It was believed at this time that southern European peoples were racially mixed with non-European Moors from across the Mediterranean Sea, while Northern Europeans remained pure.
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Proponents of Nordic theory further argued that Nordic peoples had developed innate toughness and determination due to the harsh, challenging climate in which they evolved.
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Thus the racial ideal of these theorists was the tall, blond and blue-eyed Nordic individual.
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The German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer was one of the earliest proponents of the theory presenting a hierarchical racial model of history, attributing
civilizational primacy to the "white races" who gained their sensitivity and intelligence by refinement in the rigorous North: -
The highest civilization and culture, apart from the ancient Indians and Egyptians, are found exclusively among the white races; and even with many dark peoples, the ruling caste or race is fairer in colour than the rest and has, therefore, evidently immigrated, for example, the Brahmans, the Incas, and the rulers of the South Sea Islands.
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All this is due to the fact that necessity is the mother of invention because those tribes that emigrated early to the north, and there gradually became white, had to develop all their intellectual powers and invent and perfect all the arts in their struggle with need, want and misery, which in their many forms were brought about by the climate. This they had to do in order to make up for the parsimony of nature and out of it all came their high civilization.
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Nevertheless, such theorists usually accepted that considerable variety of hair and eye colour existed even within the racial categories they recognised.
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Contrary to a popular myth, the Nazis themselves did not discriminate against Germans who were not blonde or blue-eyed, or had only one of these features. Adolf Hitler and most Nazi officials (not to mention most Germans at the time) had dark hair and were considered to be "Aryans."
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The postulated superiority of these people was said to make them born leaders, or a master race".
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Other authors included Guido von List (and his associate Lanz von Liebenfels) and the British racial theorist Houston Stewart Chamberlain, all of whom felt that the white race and Germanic peoples were superior to others, and that given the purification of the white race and German people from the races who were "polluting" it, a new Millenarian age of Aryan god-men would arrive.
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The term Aryan derives from the ancient peoples who lived in Iran (see also Iranian peoples) and the Indus Valley.
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Following the ideas of Gobineau and others, the
Nazi theorist Alfred Rosenberg claimed that these were a dynamic warrior people who originated in northern climates, from which they migrated south, eventually reaching India. -
They were supposed to be the ancestors of the ancient Germanic tribes, who shared their warrior values.
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Building from Nietzsche, who stated git is quite in order that we possess no religion of oppressed Aryan races, for that is a contradiction: a master race is either on top or it is destroyede (The Will to Power, 145),
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Rosenberg claimed that Christianity was an alien Semitic slave-morality inappropriate to the warrior Aryan master race and thus supported a melange of aspects of Vedic and Zoroastrian teachings, along with pre-Christian European paganism, which he considered to be distinctively Aryan in character.
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In Nazi Germany, marriage of an "Aryan" with an "Untermensch" was forbidden. *
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In order to eliminate "defective" citizens, the T-4 Euthanasia Program was administered by Karl Brandt to rid the country of the mentally retarded or those born with genetic deficiencies, as well as those deemed to be racially inferior.
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To maintain the purity of the Germanic master race eugenics was practiced.
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Additionally, a program of compulsory sterilization was undertaken and resulted in the forced operations of hundreds of thousands of individuals.
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Many of these policies are generally seen as being related to what eventually became known as the Holocaust.
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05 Nov 09
Asia Times Online :: Central Asian News and current affairs, Russia, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan
www.atimes.com/...KK05Ag01.html - Preview
central-asia asia china russia india diplomacy USA afghanistan iran obama mark-brzezinski RIC regionalism NWO
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He said, "I want to say that no bilateral problems
between India and China had any impact on today's [RIC] meeting. In no way did
these themes surface." -
True, the Indian and Chinese foreign ministers held a
separate 90-minute meeting to devote to the hot issues in their bilateral
relations. - 51 more annotations...
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Lavrov took pains to explain that the RIC was shaping up to be "a highly
promising format", given its "dialogue" on agriculture, health and business. -
He
minimized the RIC's role in crafting any initiative on Afghanistan. -
Lavrov
offered a lengthy explanation:RIC is a group of countries that are
integrally needed to mobilize regional efforts. But they are not enough. All of
Afghanistan's neighbors are needed. The US, the main supplier of troops ... is
needed. Iran is needed. The Central Asian countries are needed.
RIC is a group that was not created for Afghan affairs at all, but for other
reasons ... Although India, Russia and China have an influence on how to
normalize the situation in Afghanistan, our efforts are not enough. The three
nations can and are willing to work with other major actors to develop a
collective strategy, meaning exactly collective. -
Delhi faces
isolation -
Not that the RIC format lacks a raison d'etre - as the pro-American elements in
the Indian strategic community and media constantly try to establish. -
Its
relevance is acute, as three big countries with common concerns in the Asian
continent come together within an exclusive format to discuss shared interests
on the core issues of regional security - terrorism, religious extremism,
political separatism, etc - and coordinate their policies. -
Without doubt, regional cooperation has become the leitmotif of international
politics within the new reality of a polycentric world. -
World politics is
beginning to operate in a new coordinate system. -
Regional formats so far remain
mostly in dialogue formats with relatively modest agendas, but all understand
that this format sets a certain standard of equal, cooperative relations. -
Regionalization of global politics attends to various compulsions.
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A need often
arises to find regional solutions to conflicts and crisis situations. -
Again,
regionalization fills in where global mechanisms are either insufficient or are
lacking. -
At other times, a safety net is simply required in case of any likely
"de-globalization" (as in Afghanistan) so that fragmentation is arrested. -
Clearly, regional formats provide additional possibilities for the formation of
unifying agendas. -
But, unlike Russia and China, which take to regional formats with zest, Indian
diplomacy generally holds back. -
India's preponderant size in its region and its
problematic relationships with China and Pakistan partly account for its
reticence. -
But the crisis building up in the Pakistan-Afghanistan region shows
up the inadequacies of India's "solo approach". Delhi's inability to partake of
regional initiatives on Afghanistan virtually isolates it in the region. -
Evidently, its nationalist isolationism is reducing India to being a bystander
when momentous regional processes are unfolding. -
There has been a systematic
attempt by influential sections of the Indian strategic community to deride or
downright rubbish and undermine India's involvement in regional processes -
such as the RIC - that exclude the US or towards which Washington remains
antithetical. -
India has the maximum to lose in the absence of a regional initiative on the
settlement of the Afghan problem. -
Delhi holds an archaic view of the Taliban.
While there is wide recognition in the region that the Taliban are an Afghan
political reality, Delhi stands apart. -
The security establishment in Delhi sets
the pace for Indian diplomacy and in its vision, the Taliban are the progeny of
Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence and therefore India cannot countenance a
role for the Taliban in Afghanistan's power structure. -
But then, the Afghan conflict is first and foremost a fratricidal strife, and
an enduring solution needs to be all-inclusive. -
Besides, who are Indians to
prescribe what is good for the Afghan people? Delhi would have gained by
working together with like-minded countries that broadly share India's
misgivings about the ascendancy of radical forces in the region and yet accept
the inevitability of a broad-based pan-Afghan settlement. -
Add Sticky NotePrincipal among such major regional countries would be China, Russia and Iran.
- Another "axis of evil" - on 2009-11-05
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Now, these three countries are ahead of India in forging regional matrixes
within which they advance their national interests. -
Russia and China work
together within the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. -
Russia also has an
alliance system in the Collective Security Treaty Organization. -
Iran has
initiated its own trilateral format with Pakistan and Afghanistan. -
Obama's Chinese takeaway
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To be sure, Washington heaved a big sigh of relief that the RIC process failed
to mature. -
The dreadful moment, from the US perspective, would be if and when
the RIC began bearing the fruits of regional activism. -
Therefore, the RIC's
state of health has all along been of intense curiosity to Washington. The US
has been stalking the RIC - just as it is doing with regard to Tokyo's nascent
idea of an East Asian community. -
As the president of the influential Japan
Foundation, Kazuo Ogoura, wrote last week, "It is intolerable [for Washington]
to see Asians considering their relations among each other in a form that
excludes the US." -
Moscow will feel concerned. Lavrov candidly admitted to Russian journalists
accompanying him, "[The George W] Bush administration sinned by a lopsided
interpretation of collective efforts ... Obama has announced a different
philosophy - that of collective action, which calls for joint analysis,
decision-making and implementation rather than for all others to follow
Washington's decisions. -
[But] so far inertia lingers at the implementers' level
in the US, who still follow the well-trodden track ... -
Add Sticky NoteThis is a process which
will take time before the president's will is translated into the language of
practical actions by his subordinates ... a need for joint analysis is still
evident in Afghanistan."- The way some of these foreigners digress on American politics and our departments of government, sound more like they are talking about a monarchy or dictatorship; rather than a representative government - on 2009-11-05
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The RIC's failure at Bangalore to work substantially on a regional initiative
regarding Afghanistan ensures that the US can now press ahead with its own
strategy of striking "grand bargains" individually with the three major
regional powers - Russia, China and India. -
Conceivably, the "Chinese takeaway" will be a substantial outcome of US
President Barack Obama's forthcoming visit to Beijing. -
The Pentagon press
release on the talks in Washington between US Secretary of Defense Robert Gates
and the visiting vice chairman of China's People's Liberation Army Central
Military Commission, General Xu Caihou, said the two sides "agreed on the need
to work together" on Afghanistan and Pakistan. -
Pentagon press secretary Geoff Morrell said, "The takeaway is that there was
broad agreement on the importance of, and how to deal with, the situation in
Afghanistan and Pakistan, and the need to work together to create a more stable
and secure environment in both those places." -
Add Sticky NoteWriting in the New York Times newspaper last Friday, two influential American
voices - Mark Brzezinski, who served on the National Security Council in the
Bill Clinton administration,- This Mark Brzezinski..his daddy that old conniver Zbigniew??? - on 2009-11-05
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and Mark Fung of Harvard University, who is an old
Beijing hand - argued that Obama must carry a purposive "China List" when he
travels Beijing. -
They wrote:
Three overarching "deliverables" could be
identified that if implemented would significantly reshape the US-China
relationship and address serious challenges the two countries face together. -
One, establish a formal mechanism among the leaders of the United States, China
and Pakistan. China is Pakistan's most important supporter both because of
their geographical proximity and China's perception of Pakistan as a
counterweight to India -
The interests for the United States and China are consonant in Pakistan:
removing extremist fundamentalist activity, stabilizing the leadership and
encouraging economic growth ... -
The United States should make it clear it does
not want to displace Beijing's influence in Islamabad, but a tripartite
approach would advance shared interests -
... The Obama trip to Beijing provides
an opportunity to elevate the relationship to include constructive engagement
in concentric areas of shared interest - stabilizing Pakistan, advancing soft
power interests in Afghanistan, and cooperating on security matters and shared
challenges in East Asia. -
The Afghan crisis is most certainly
prompting a shift in geopolitical templates. -
What if the Chinese side has its
own "Obama List"? Beijing will be justified in asking: How could China possibly
cooperate in the security sphere with the US and the Western alliance in
Afghanistan when the West maintains a 20-year-old arms embargo on China? -
Ambassador M K Bhadrakumar was a career diplomat in the Indian Foreign
Service. His assignments included the Soviet Union, South Korea, Sri Lanka,
Germany, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Kuwait and Turkey.
(Copyright 2009 Asia Times Online (Holdings) Ltd. All rights reserved. Please
contact us about
sales, syndication and
republishing.)
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30 Oct 09
YouTube - Full Spectrum Dominance and Iran Pt2
Part 2
www.youtube.com/watch - Preview
william-engdahl iran NWO full-spectrum-dominance real-news interview geopolitics USA
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Full Spectrum Dominance and Iran Pt2
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More at http://therealnews.com/t/in...
Was the recent uprising in Iran a "colored revolution", a genuine movement for democracy - or both?
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28 Oct 09
Book of Giants | Old Testament Pseudepigrapha - School of Divinity, University of St Andrews
www.st-andrews.ac.uk/...bgiants - Preview
manichean aramaic books giants nephilim enoch mani babylon iran near-east jewish qumran scrolls ancients
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Add Sticky NoteM1. The two hundred demons descend to earth.
- Some scholars place this landing upon Mt Hermon in northern Israel - on 2009-10-27
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Add Sticky NoteM4. They reveal forbidden arts and heavenly mysteries in order to seduce these women (cf. 1 Enoch 7-8) and they bring about ruin on the earth (cf. Gen 6:5, 11-12; 1 Enoch 7; 9:8; Jub. 5:2-3).
- A continuation of the "Tree of Knowledge" seduction, when the Serpent promised Eve her "eyes would be opened" and that she would "be like God?" - on 2009-10-27
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M15. Enoch interprets the dream, indicating that the trees represent the "Egregoroi" (Greek for "Watchers," cf. 1 Enoch 12:4 etc.) and also mentioning the giants who were born of women. Something (the trees?) are "pulled out."
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M16. Someone reports that someone ordered him not to run away but to bring the message written on two stone tablets, showing it first to Nariman. He has brought them in order to share the contents of one tablet, pertaining to the demons, with the giants. Shamizad tells him to read the writing by Enoch.
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M17. Enoch the apostle gives a message of judgment to the demons and their children, telling them that they will have no peace and that they will see the destruction of their children (the giants--cf. 1 Enoch 14:6; 16:3; Jub. 4:22)
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He refers to someone (presumably the giants) ruling for one hundred twenty years (cf. Gen 6:3). Then he predicts either an era of earthly fecundity, presumably after the Flood (cf. 1 Enoch 10:11-22), or else the Flood itself (cf. Gen 7:8-9).
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M18. Sa(h)m exhorts the other giants to cheer up and eat but they are too sorrowful to eat and instead fall asleep.
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Mahaway goes to Atanbush (=Utnapistim--either another giant or another name for Enoch) and tells him all. When Mahaway returns, Sa(h)m has a dream in which he ascends to heaven. He sees the water of the earth consumed with heat and a demon comes out of the water. Some beings (the protecting spirits?) are invisible but he sees the heavenly rulers.
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M19. Sa(h)m, Shamizad, and Mahaway have a conversation. Mahaway mentions his father, Virogdad. There are obscure references to weapons and a blessing on someone who saw something but escaped death. Sam and Mahaway search (?) for something?
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M20. Someone gives satisfactory assurance to Mahaway that he will be protected from Sa(h)m but nevertheless Sa(h)m and Mahaway fall out and begin to fight.
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M21. The wicked demons are glad to see the "apostle" (Enoch) and assemble timidly before him. Apparently they promise to reform their ways and they ask for mercy (cf. 1 Enoch 13:4-6, 9).
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M22. Someone (Enoch?) warns a group (the demons?) that they will be taken from a fire to face eternal damnation, despite their belief that they would never lose their misused power. He also addresses their "sinful misbegotten sons" (the giants?--cf. Gen 6:3) and describes how the righteous will fly over the fire of damnation and gloat over the souls inside it.
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M23. "They," presumably the demons, take some heavenly helpers hostage. As a result the angels descend from heaven, terrifying the two hundred demons, who take human form and hide among human beings (cf. 1 Enoch 17:1).
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They angels separate out the human beings and set a watch over them, seize the giants from the demons, and lead "them" (the children of the giants?) to safety in thirty-two distant towns prepared for them by the "Living Spirit" at Aryan Wezan (the traditional homeland of the Indo-Iranians) in the vicinity of the sacred Mount Sumeru and other mountains.
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These people originated the arts and crafts. The two hundred demons fight a massive and fiery battle with the four angels.
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M24. Atanbush does battle, accompanied by Watchers and giants, and three of the giants are killed. An angel and others are also killed.
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M25. Ohyah and Ahyah resolve to keep their promise to do battle, and they boast of their prowess.
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M26. The four angels, by divine command, bind the Egregoroi with everlasting chains in a dark prison (cf. 1 Enoch 10:11-14; Jub. 5:6, 10) and annihilate their children (cf. 1 Enoch 10:15; 15:8-12; Jub. 5:7-9, 11).
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Add Sticky NoteM27. Even before the rebellion of the Egregoroi, this prison had been built for them under the mountains.
- As in Greek myth regarding the Titans - on 2009-10-27
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In addition, thirty-six towns had been prepared for the habitation of the wicked and long-lived sons of the giants before they were even born.
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M28. Ohyah (or Ahyah), the primordial monster Leviathan, and the archangel Raphael engage in a great battle, "and they vanished." According to one tradition, Ohyah survived the Flood and fought this battle after it.
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M29. Three thousand, two hundred and eighty years passed between the time of Enoch and the time of King Vishtasp (who ruled at the time of the prophet Zoroaster, who, along with Buddha and Christ, was an apostle who came before the final apostle Mani).
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II. THE ARAMAIC VERSION FROM QUMRAN
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There have been many attempts to reconstruct the sequence and content of the Aramaic Book of Giants. Here I follow Stuckenbruck's sequencing, essentially uncritically, since his is the most recent and most comprehensive attempt with all the fragments available.
-
An effort to nuance this version is given after the summary. I do not always follow Stuckenbruck's readings or interpretations.
-
A1. The angelic Watchers beget the Nephilim and the giants (perhaps the same creatures but perhaps not) through miscegenation with mortal women (cf. Gen 6:1-4; 1 Enoch 6; Jub. 5:1).
-
These rapacious monsters inflict bloodshed and injustice upon the earth and destruction upon the sea animals, plants, cattle, and humanity (cf. Gen 6:5, 11-12; 1 Enoch 7; 9:8; Jub 5:2).
-
A2. All this is reported to Enoch, the "scribe of interpretation."
-
A3. Enoch (?) addresses God, praising him for his glory, knowledge, strength, and creative acts. (Placement very uncertain.)
-
A4. A number of giants, including Hobabis (=Humbaba), Mahaway, ADK?[, and perhaps the Watcher Baraq'el, have a conversation in which they discuss killing, perhaps of human beings.
-
A5. Following hints from the Manichean version and the Midrash of Shemihazah, perhaps we should reconstruct here an episode in which the giants have a first pair of dreams predicting the great Flood. If so, the first dream seems to involve the effacing of a writing-tablet by submerging it in water. Stuckenbruck also suggests that a fragment which refers to three shoots in a garden (6Q8 2-3) belongs to the second. The first dream may have told of an angel doing the effacing as a symbol of the destruction wrought by the Flood. The second may have told of an angel descending and cutting down all but three shoots (representing the sons of Noah) in the garden.
-
A6. [Mahaway consults Enoch the first time. It is possible that the first tablet was introduced at this point. These episodes are entirely lost but their existence is deduced by later references in the fragments.]
-
The giants Ohyah and Mahaway have a conversation in which Mahaway tells Ohyah something he heard while in the presence of his (Mahaway's) father, the Watcher Baraq'el. Ohyah responds that he too has heard "fou[r] marvels" and he starts to make a comparison which pertains to a woman giving birth.
-
A7. There is a conversation among the giants in which one of them admits that, despite his own might, he has been unable to prevail in war against some heavenly beings, presumably the archangels. Ohyah mentions an oppressive dream which has disturbed him, and someone tells the giant Gilgamesh to recount his dream as well.
-
A8. Ohyah says something to his brother Hahyah about the Watcher Azazel (cf. Lev 16:7-10; 1 Enoch 8:1; 9:6, etc.), the Watchers, and the giants.
-
In another fragment that may continue this speech, one of the giants resigns himself that there is no escape and that he and the others must die for their misdeeds. He refers to a vision that hinders him from sleeping.
-
Someone enters the assembly of the giants. Perhaps a conversation continues in which the giants anticipate with dread their coming destruction in the Flood for their sins, in which they will be stripped of their form and reduced to being evil spirits (Cf. 1 Enoch 15:8-12).
-
A9. The Watchers tell the giants that they themselves are imprisioned and perhaps that the giants are being defeated.
-
A10. Mahaway and the two tablets are mentioned. The second tablet is now read. It is a letter from Enoch to the Watcher Shemihazah and his companions. They are rebuked for their and their sons' (the giants) corrupt acts, which have come to the attention of the archangel Raphael (cf. 1 Enoch 9:1?). They are warned of imminent destruction and ordered to release their hostages and to pray.
-
A11. Neverthless, Ohyah informs the giants of a message from Gilgamesh and Hobabis which involves the cursing of "the princes" and which cheers the giants up.
-
A12. The two giants Ohyah and Hahyah have dreams. Hahyah describes his in the assembly of the giants. He dreamed of gardeners watering a garden which produced great shoots. But a disaster of some sort destroyed the garden in a deluge of water and fire. The other giants are unable to interpret his dream.
-
Hahyah proposes that they consult Enoch for an interpretation. Then his brother, Ohyah reports that he too had a dream, in which God descended to the earth, thrones were set up, and God sat enthroned amid a multitude of angels and presided over a judgment based on the opening of certain books (cf. Dan 7:9-10).
-
The giants, presumably unable to interpret this dream either, summon Mahaway and send him to Enoch, whom he has encountered before, to ask him to interpret the dreams.
-
A13. Mahaway takes wing and flies across the "Great Desert" until Enoch sees him and calls to him. Mahaway refers to this as his second visit and makes the request. Bits of Enoch's interpretation may survive in a fragment that mentions the violent deaths of a number of Watchers, Nephilim, and giants, and also in a small fragment that says "no peace to you."
-
A14. Enoch pronounces an eschatological or postdiluvian blessing of earthly prosperity.
-
(Presumably much of the story came after this point and is now lost. Cf. M18-28 above.)
-
Reconstruction of the Aramaic Book of Giants remains extremely subjective, but a number of objective factors limit the possible arrangments and point us in certain directions.
-
The most important external factor is the assured sequence of fragments in some of the manuscripts based on physical joins.
-
A second factor is that some individual fragments of the Manichean version contain material parallel to more than one fragment of the Aramaic version, suggesting (assuming--optimistically--that the order of material in the Manichean version was not radically reworked) that the Aramaic fragments go together.
-
The Book of Giants
-
(Summary of a lecture by J. R. Davila on 1 March 2002)
-
In this lecture I wish to supplement the previously circulated handout on the Book of Giants with brief overviews of the historical backgrounds of, respectively, the Manichean and the Aramaic versions, along with some observations on the mythological contexts of each version.
-
For reasons already indicated in earlier lectures and reading assignments I will work backwards, starting with the more recent Manichean version and concluding with the question of whether the Aramaic version is a Jewish composition.
-
The Book of Giants has been omitted from all editions of the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, no doubt because of its highly fragmentary state in highly obscure languages, as well as the unavailability of the Aramaic fragments until recently, but it has just as much right to be included as central works like 1 Enoch, and we can only hope that future editions with find a place for it.
-
1. THE MANICHEAN VERSION
-
The founder of the Manichean religion was the apostle Mani (216-76 C.E.), who was raised in Southern Mesopotamia in a Jewish-Christian baptist sect called the "Elkesaites."
-
From age twelve on, Mani began to have visions. Eventually, his visionary experiences led to his being expelled from the sect, and he then founded his own religion, sending out missions to Iran, India, Syria and Egypt.
-
Late in his life, he fell out of royal favor and was sent to prison, where he died.
-
He wrote detailed scriptures so that his doctrines would be preserved forever, even going so far as to invent a new script to write them in, but over time nearly all of these scriptures have been lost.
-
This loss makes it very difficult to reconstruct his original theology. We know that he drew on other world religions to interpret himself as the culminating revelatory intermediary for Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Buddhism.
-
We also know that the Manichean religion taught an extremely complicated system of gnostic dualism centered around a cosmological myth about the war between the originally pristine realms of light and darkness.
-
The physical universe was created as a trick to liberate the captive sparks of light in living beings from the realm of darkness.
-
There were two classes of practicing Manicheans: the Elect, who lived ascetic, monastic lifestyles of celibacy, vegetarianism, etc., and the Hearers, who supported the Elect financially and otherwise in the hope of being reincarnated themselves as Elect in due course.
-
Although most of Mani's scriptures are themselves lost, lists of the titles of these documents survive in works by both friendly and hostile writers who wrote in Coptic, Greek, Arabic, and even Chinese. Allowing for minor corruptions, all the lists mention the same seven works, usually in more or less the same order. These are: the" Gospel," the "Treasure of Life," the "Pragmateia" ("Treatise"), the "Book of Mysteries," the "Book of Giants," the "Epistles," and the "Psalms."
-
For our immediate purposes, the only one of interest is the Book of Giants, a work apparently composed in Syriac (an eastern dialect of Aramaic).
-
The book was entirely lost until the twentieth century, but scant references to it survived in Latin, Greek, and Arabic, indicating that it involved battles of the ancient giants.
-
Then about a century ago many highly fragmentary Manichean works written in Central Asian languages were recovered archaeologically at Turfan, in China (and much of the find remains unpublished even at present).
-
The Manichean versions adapted the story of the giants to fit Iranian mythology.
-
Three of the most striking adjustments have to to with the names of major characters.
-
Sam or Sahm is the name of an immortal dragon slayer in later Iranian epic. His name is given to the giant Ohyah.
-
Ohyah's brother, Hahyah, is given the name Nariman, who in Iranian epic is a figure closely connected to Sa(h)m; either identified with him or presented as one of his close relatives.
-
The name of the father of the giant Mahaway, the demon "Virogdad," means "given by lightning" in Persian, a loose translation of "Baraq'el," which is Hebrew for "lightning of God."
-
2. THE ORIGINAL ARAMAIC VERSION FROM QUMRAN
-
In my handout I have noted numerous connections between Mani's Book of Giants and the stories of the giants related in the Enoch literature and in Jubilees.
-
These were already good indicators of Mani's use of earlier Jewish traditions, a use confirmed by the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls in 1947.
-
These consisted of many hundreds of parchment and papyrus manuscripts in Hebrew and Aramaic (with a few also in Greek), most of which had rotted away into tens of thousands of fragments.
-
Fragments survived of some of the Enoch books (in Aramaic) and also the book of Jubilees (in Hebrew).
-
J. T. Milik also discovered roughly six to ten extremely poorly preserved manuscripts of an Aramaic Book of Giants, apparently the document used by Mani as the basis for his scriptural work.
-
These manuscripts give no indication of being sectarian compositions. Their paleographic dates fall roughly across the first century B.C.E., so presumably the book was composed before this, although how long before remains open to question.
-
The kernel of the same story appears in the Bible in Gen 6:1-4 but, as with the Book of the Watchers, it remains debatable whether the traditions about the Watchers and giants are creative expansions of the Genesis passage or (more likely in my view) independent transmissions of stories that have been summarized and truncated in Genesis.
-
There is evidence that the Aramaic Book of Giants continued to be transmitted in Judaism apart from Mani's version.
-
Hebrew manuscripts survive of the "Midrash of Shemihazah," which Milik has published and translated in his edition of some of the Aramaic fragments of the Book of Giants.
-
This work tells how at the time of the corrupt generation of the Flood, the angels Shemihazah and Aza'el make a bet with God that if they were to descend from heaven to earth they would be able to resist the lure of the evil inclination.
-
Soon they find themselves revealing heavenly secrets to their mortal wives. Shemihazah begets sons named Heyya and Aheyya.
-
The angel Metatron (another name for the deified Enoch in the Hekhalot traditions) sends them a warning of the coming Flood.
-
Heyya and Aheyya each have a prognostic dream. In the first, an angel descends from heaven and scrapes an enormous stone tablet with writing on it, which was spread across the whole world, until only four words remain.
-
In the second, there is a garden full of trees and gems, but an angel descends and cuts down everything but one tree with three branches. Both dreams predict the coming of the Flood and the destructions of all human beings except Noah and his three sons.
-
The giants are then killed in the Flood, but are consoled by the fact that mortals will use their names in incantations and thus their fame will never cease.
-
Shemihazah repents and suspends himself upside down between heaven and earth. Aza'el refuses to repent and becomes a demon who entices men to corrupt deeds and who bears the sins of Israel on the Day of Atonement (cf. Lev 16:7-10).
-
The numerous and striking parallels with the Book of Giants are obvious. Although there is only one pair of dreams in the Midrash of Shemihazah, Stuckenbruck argues that the original Book of Giants had two sets. This may well be true also of the Manichean version.
-
Moving now from history of transmission to background influences, we should note that the Aramaic Book of Giants draws on ancient Near Eastern myth rather as the Manichean version draws on Iranian myth.
-
Two of the evil giants in the Aramaic version are named Gilgamesh and Hobabis.
-
Gilgamesh is an epic figure in Sumerian and Akkadian literature, best known from the Epic of Gilgamesh, a work whose importance in ancient Mesopotamia was comparable to that of the Homeric epics in ancient Greece.
-
According to the Epic, Gilgamesh, a huge semidivine man, has many adventures with his friend, the wild man Enkidu. One of these is the slaying of the monster Humbaba (Huwawa) in the Cedar Forest.
-
But Enkidu dies tragically and Gilgamesh sets out to discover the secret of immortality in order to avoid his friend's fate. He meets Utnapishtim, the Babylonian version of Noah--the only man to survive the Flood.
-
Unlike Noah, Utnapishtim was made immortal by the gods. Nevertheless, Gilgamesh fails in his quest, eventually dying and leaving only his heroic fame behind him.
-
The giants Gilgamesh and Hobabis are reflexes of the Gilgamesh and Humbaba/Huwawa of the Gilgamesh Epic.
-
Likewise, a Sogdian text of the Manichean version refers to Atanbush, who is either another giant or Enoch under another name (Enoch also survived the Flood and was made immortal).
-
Atanbush is clearly a reflex of Utnapishtim and we may assume that he appeared also in some lost passage or passages in the Aramaic Book of Giants.
-
Finally, we must ask whether the Book of Giants is a Jewish work.
-
The dates of the Aramaic manuscripts rule out the possibility of it being a Christian composition, and it clearly does contain Jewish traditions. Nevertheless, it contains Babylonian mythic material as well, which opens up the possibility that it is an indigenous polytheistic (i.e., "pagan") work which borrowed Jewish traditions and in turn was borrowed by Jews.
-
The extremely fragmentary nature of the surviving manuscripts rules out the kind of full analysis of the text we would like, but in what survives I see no obviously Jewish signature features, nor any obvious polytheistic signature features.
-
The use of Babylonian mythic figures, one of whom is demoted from hero to wicked giant, is not too jarring and can be paralleled by the similar demonization of Indian mythic figures in Zoroastrianism or the Classical gods in early Christianity.
-
23 Oct 09
Silencing the Saber-Rattling: How the American Empire Threatens the Potential Iranian Counter-Revolution | Paul David Collins
www.conspiracyarchive.com/...Silencing_Saber-Rattling.htm - Preview
john-loftus paul-collins iran dissent election ahmadinejad CIA MEK riots Elites Lucies NWO bush obama
-
Silencing the Saber-Rattling: How the American Empire Threatens the
Potential Iranian Counter-Revolution -
- by Paul David
Collins, July 4th, 2009 - 75 more annotations...
-
-
John Loftus proved to be a treasure
chest of information over the Middle East during an interview with
this writer on March 21, 2009. -
In little over an hour, the former
Justice Department prosecutor and former Army intelligence officer
addressed the issues of postwar Nazi activity, the September 11
attacks, and fanaticism in the Arab world. The most fascinating
information Loftus shared, however, concerns Iran. -
The Central Eurasian Islamic Republic has been a hot topic for
many observers of the international political landscape ever since
Bush II referred to it as part of an “axis of evil”
during his January 29, 2002 State of the Union speech. -
That speech
helped create an absolutely schizophrenic political climate filled
with saber-rattling and war-fever that has held sway for the last
seven years. -
During that period of time, rumors of an invasion of
Iran have periodically surfaced, causing people in both America and
Iran to oscillate between anxiety and sighs of relief. -
Former CIA
case officer Robert Baer has referred to Iran as “the third
rail of American foreign policy in the world” (Interview:
Robert Baer). -
It is the country that every administration has dared
not touch since 1979. With Iran on the verge of possessing a
nuclear power program, however, avoidance may no longer be an
option. -
What will be Iran’s fate? For Loftus, the tide of
history will soon make an invasion of Iran completely
unnecessary. -
“I believe the government will eventually collapse and
Iran will return to democracy,” Loftus told this writer.
“The clock will turn back to the way things were before the
1953 coup.” -
Of course, this statement raised an eyebrow. “Do you mean
to say another Mossadegh will rise,” I asked.“Yes,” Loftus responded. (Loftus)
-
For many years now, Iran has put up a strong front that made
Loftus’ words hard to swallow. -
The Islamic republic sees
itself as a revived Persian Empire, and it has gained a
considerable amount of regional influence. A 2008 poll conducted by
the University of Maryland found that Iranian President Mahmoud
Ahmadinejad was the second most admired leader across the Arab
world (“Nasrallah most admired Arab leader”). -
The only
leader to outshine Ahmadinejad in the poll was Seyyed Hassan
Nasrallah, the leader of Iranian proxy Hezbollah (ibid). Needless
to say, regional support for Iran is strong. -
Problems began to appear in
the middle of the 1990s when a 1996 census revealed that
Iran’s fertility rates “were less than one-half of the
figure obtained from the previous census” (Mehryar and
Aghajanian). A large-scale survey conducted in 2000 was less
promising in its findings. That survey found “that total
fertility rates of Iranian couples had dropped to 2.0”
(ibid). -
Underneath the tough exterior, however, hides several serious
problems that have begun to boil over. -
The survey also found that 14 of the 28 provinces surveyed
were well below the 2.1 replacement level (ibid). -
A 2006 census was
probably the most dismal. Of the 30 major provinces in Iran, 27
provinces “would seem to have reached below replacement
fertility, with TFR [total fertility rates] values ranging from
1.15 to 1.95” (ibid). The data presented by the 2006 census
indicated that “over 80% of the population of Iran belong to
provinces with clearly below replacement fertility rate”
(ibid). -
Can Iran rely on young people of marrying age to rectify the
baby dearth? According to writer Azadeh Moaveni, the answer is
“no.” In a June 9, 2009 Time magazine article,
Moaveni stated:By official estimates, there are currently 13 million to 15
million Iranians of marrying age; to keep that figure steady, Iran
should be registering about 1.65 million marriages each year. The
real figure is closer to half of that. (Moaveni) -
Why has the number of marriages dropped so drastically?
According to Moaveni, economic conditions in Iran do not make
marriage feasible. -
Inflation hit a whopping 25.9 percent in
February 2009 (“Iran inflation hits 25.9%: Reports”).
While that figure is lower than the September 2008 of 29 percent,
it was still high enough to cause concern for Iran’s central
bank chief Mahmoud Bahmani, who promised to slash inflation by
almost 4 percent before the end of the Iranian year on March 20
(ibid). -
In early June 2009 there were some signs of improvement,
with inflation falling to 23. 6 percent (“Iran inflation
falls below 24 percent”). The number is still far too high,
however, to accommodate a new couple desiring to start a
family. -
The Iranian president’s
election rivals, such as reformist candidate Mehdi Karroubi,
capitalized on the poor economic environment and blamed Ahmedinejad
for encouraging inflation (ibid). Was Karroubi and the rest of the
opposition way off the mark with their accusation? -
The inflation drop was also far too little, too late for
Ahmedinejad’s political health. -
Again, Iran
views itself as a revival of the Persian Empire, and Ahmedinejad
certainly holds imperialist aspirations. In the quest for empire,
Ahmedinejad has initiated several reckless expansionary economic
policies. -
One of the results of this policy was Ahmedinejad’s
proposed budget in January 2009 of 282.7 billion dollars with a
deficit forecast of 44 billion dollars (“Iran inflation hits
25.9: Reports”). Can any country long stand such an orgiastic
spending spree? -
Probably one of the most serious problems currently facing Iran
is low crude oil prices. -
Gholamhossein Nozari, Iran’s current
Oil Minister, predicted oil prices “will hover at the $40
mark in 2009” (Avro). This prompted Nozari’s ministry
to tell the government “to set the price of oil at that
amount in its upcoming 2009-2010 budget” (ibid). -
According to
Samuel R. Avro, these low prices “could eventually bring out
the disgust of the Iranian public against the current regime which
may then lead to destabilization and perhaps a halt to their
nuclear program” (ibid). -
Add Sticky NoteBush’s CIA Director Michael
Hayden also expressed this opinion, stating that Iran’s low
oil prices “removes a buffer that will cause the natural
stressors in Iranian society to become more pronounced”
(ibid).- Oil prices have now begun to climb again as I am reading this (October 2009) - on 2009-10-23
-
While the problems facing Iran are lamentable, they did set the
stage for self-correction to occur in the Islamic Republic. The
situation is beginning to right itself as more and more Iranians
conclude that the country’s leadership lacks the ability and
the desire to solve the problems. -
People began expressing their
dissatisfaction with the current regime shortly after Iran’s
tenth presidential election on June 12, 2009. The next day,
opponents of Ahmedinejad took to the streets and began protesting,
some violently (Johnson and Murphy). -
As we shall see, some of these
protestors may have been part of an organized destabilization
campaign. That being said, the number of people in the streets was
far too high for everyone to be surrogates of Western intelligence
agencies, a contention some of the more extreme conspiracists seem to
be pushing. The crowds included many sincere Iranian citizens with
legitimate grievances. -
It’s important to note that many of the activists made the
mistake of elevating Ahmedinejad’s main rival, Mir Hossein
Mousavi, into a hero from which they derive inspiration. -
Behind
Mousavi’s emergent messianic mystique hides a terrorist and
criminal who is no better than Ahmedinejad. -
During his time as
Iran’s prime minister in the 1980s, Mousavi was the
supervisor of a terrorist campaign against the West that included
the infamous attacks on the U.S. embassy and Marine Corps barracks
in Beirut (Stein). -
According to former CIA case officer Robert
Baer, Mousavi “oversaw an office that ran operatives abroad,
from Lebanon to Kuwait to Iraq” (ibid). Baer places Mousavi
in direct contact with Imad Mughniyah, the individual responsible
for conducting the Beirut attack (ibid). -
Retired Navy Admiral and
“father” of the Navy SEAL’s Red Cell
counter-terror unit James “Ace” Lyons has also
identified Mousavi as the mastermind behind the 1988 truck bomb
attack on the U.S. Navy’s Fleet Center in Naples, Italy
(ibid). That terrorist action resulted in the deaths of five people
(ibid). -
Given his criminal and terrorist background, it’s obvious
that Mousavi represents the status quo in Iran, not change. -
Still
it is important to note that Mousavi was able to build an
impressive support base by presenting himself as a reformer and
running on a reformist platform. These seems to indicate that many
Iranians desire positive change and are now willing to express that
desire. -
A counter-revolution that will reverse the effects of the 1979
Iranian Revolution seems to be in the embryonic stage right now. -
If an American destabilization
campaign were to be detected or exposed, internal contention would
disappear and the people would again be galvanized behind
Ahmadinejad. This potentiality is very real. Unfortunately, the
American Empire’s interventionist spirit is alive and well
and evidence suggests that it may be at work in Iran. -
Only one thing could reverse that trend: interference and intrusion
on the part of the American Empire. -
In May 2007, intelligence sources revealed to the UK Telegraph
that President George W. Bush had given the CIA “approval to
launch covert ‘black’ operations to achieve regime
change in Iran” (Shipman). -
This approval, according to the
Telegraph, appeared in a “non-lethal presidential
finding” and authorized “CIA plans for a propaganda and
disinformation campaign intended to destabilize, and eventually
topple, the theocratic rule of the mullahs” (ibid). The
presidential directive also endorsed the supply of communications
equipment to opposition groups in Iran (ibid). This equipment would
allow such groups to network with one another and coordinate
destabilization plans more effectively (ibid). -
On the positive, the directive
prohibited the CIA from using lethal force (ibid). This can be
interpreted to mean that Bush was moving away from the influence of
Vice President Richard Cheney and his neoconservative allies who
favor a military strike (ibid). -
The Telegraph’s revelations carried both negative
and positive implications. -
However, the revelations had also shown
that the President had not abandoned interventionist policies that
could instigate hostilities with Iran. -
Obama’s handlers among
the power elite seemed to prefer attempting to recruit Iran to
fight the American Empire’s other enemies. Imperial
recruitment, euphemistically referred to as
“diplomacy,” was heavily promoted in the early days of
the Obama Administration. -
When power traded hands from Bush to Obama, the approach to
dealing with Iran seemed to change. -
There is evidence, however, that
destabilization efforts have continued. -
Add Sticky NotePerhaps the current
administration believes that destabilization efforts will lead to a
weakened Iran that is more willing to deal.- As in the bombing of and deaths just a few days ago (week of October 22, 2009) of Iranian high military commanders - on 2009-10-23
-
Perhaps the
administration has just grown frustrated with trying to reach out
to a stubborn and skeptical nation. Whatever the case may be,
aspects of the 2009 Iranian election fallout suggests the invisible
hand of the American Empire at play. -
On Saturday, June 20, 2009, Iran’s security apparatus
reportedly discovered and arrested a large contingent of rioters in
Tehran who were members of the Mujahideen-e-Khalq organization, or
MEK (“Iran finds US-backed MKO fingermarks in riots”). -
Iranian security officials claimed that the MEK members
“confessed that they were extensively trained in Iraq’s
camp Ashraf to create post-election mayhem in the country”
(ibid). The MEK members were also allegedly receiving instruction
from the dissident group’s command post in Britain
(ibid). -
On the same day that the MEK rioters were arrested, the
group’s leader Maryam Rajavis gave her official endorsement
to election protestors and even went so far as to declare the MEK
the real election victors (ibid). -
In
July of 2008, respected journalist Seymour Hersh was told by a
Pentagon consultant that the MEK might receive covert funds from
the United States in order to help destabilize Iran (Hersh). -
Add Sticky NoteWas the MEK acting as a surrogate of the American Empire?
- SEE: Recent (October 2009) bombing of an Iranian military HQ with the deaths of several top military commanders - on 2009-10-23
-
The
Iranian dissident group has received arms and intelligence from
Western intelligence groups in recent years and possesses an
enduring relationship with the CIA and Special Operations
communities in spite of its inclusion on the State
Department’s terrorist list for more than a decade (ibid). -
If
MEK participation in the riots and protests prove to be a genuine
example of American interference, it could threaten the chance of a
successful counter-revolution. -
The Iranian people have simply lost too
much confidence in the president, the mullahs, and the
government’s way of doing things for the last three decades.
American interventionism can not contribute one iota to the current
regime’s trip on history’s exit ramp. -
Left to its own devices, Iran’s ruling establishment will
commit political suicide. -
If anything,
black ops, destabilization campaigns, and ridiculous cloak and
dagger schemes and conspiracies to “liberate” Iran will
give the current regime a new lease on life. -
The American Empire is
providing Iran’s ruling establishment with an existential
threat that justifies its political survival. Iranians are starting
to wake up and see Ahmadinejad for the mentally unstable tyrant he
is. -
American meddling in Iranian affairs, however, would lend
itself to a public relations spin that would portray Ahmadinejad as
a populist hero doing battle with the “Great Satan.”
Interference would destroy the receptivity of the Iranian people to
change and lead to more hostility. -
These oligarchical Hegelian
activists need a world full of bogeymen, fanatics, and dictatorial
strongmen to maintain history’s march toward a new world
order. -
Perhaps a perpetually hostile and dangerous Iran is exactly what
many among the power elite crave. -
At least one member of the neoconservative faction of the
elite, Daniel Pipes, has expressed such sentiments. -
During a June
3, 2009 meeting held by the neoconservative Heritage Foundation,
Pipes stated that if he were to participate in Iran’s
election, he would, “with due hesitance,” vote for
Ahmadinejad because the current Iranian president is “an
enemy who’s forthright and obvious, who wakes people up with
his outlandish statements” (“New Thinking for Old
Problems: The Challenges of Middle East Peacemaking in the Shadow
of the Iranian Threat”). -
The dialectical climate proposed by Pipes will not lead to what
the neoconservative Francis Fukuyama called “The End of
History,” but it may lead to what Jesus Christ called
“the beginning of sorrows” (Matthew 24:8). -
While Iran
is certainly not the juggernaut the neoconservatives have portrayed
it as, the overstretched American Empire is in no condition to
tackle a third war. -
The Lord has designed the universe to take out
its own garbage. It does not require the American Empire acting as
its waste management surrogate. -
Is there any meaningful contribution America can make to
Iran’s nascent counter-revolution? -
America can aid the
Iranians by helping itself. It can dismantle its bloated and
overstretched empire and return to its constitutional roots as a
democratic republic. -
Such a move would send a clear message to
Iran. In effect, America will be saying, “We tried empire and
it bankrupted us economically and morally. It’s weakened our
military and left us in a weakened state. For the sake of your own
country, don’t explore this imperial road further.” -
There is a good chance Iran would follow America’s example.
Then, and only then, will the saber-rattling finally be
silenced.
-
18 Oct 09
YouTube - UNGAGGED - Sibel Edmonds Talks 5/5
www.youtube.com/watch - Preview
sibel-edmonds bush-admin turkey iran FBI congress israel ISI pakistan 9-11 bin-laden blackmail
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UNGAGGED - Sibel Edmonds Talks 5/5
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Sibel Edmonds worked as a language specialist for the FBIs Washington Field Office. During her work with the bureau, she discovered and reported serious acts of security breaches, cover-ups, and intentional blocking of intelligence that had national security implications. After she reported these acts to FBI management, she was retaliated against and ultimately fired in March 2002. Since that time, court proceedings on her issues have been blocked by the assertion of State Secrets Privilege by Attorney General Ashcroft, and the Congress of the United States has been gagged and prevented from any discussion of her case through retroactive re-classification issued by the Department of Justice.
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"State Secrets Privilege Gallery": http://www.justacitizen.com/images/Ga...
Edmonds' blog: http://www.123realchange.blogspot.com/
Edmonds' official site: http://www.justacitizen.com/
Articles on Edmonds: http://www.scribd.com/my_docs#tab:fol...
http://thesenatorhillary.blogspot.com
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15 Oct 09
Turkey Tightens Syrian-Iranian Axis after Snubbing Israel - Defense/Middle East - Israel News - Israel National News
www.israelnationalnews.com/...133843 - Preview
turkey israel syria iran northern-border military-exercises cancellation ezekiel-38-39 Gog Magog invasion coilition nations prophetic
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Turkey Tightens Syrian-Iranian Axis after Snubbing Israel
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by Tzvi Ben Gedalyahu
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Add Sticky Note(IsraelNN.com) The threat of the anti-Israel axis north of the border worsened Wednesday with the announcement that Turkey, which has close ties with Iran, conducted joint military drills with Syria after snubbing Israel.
- And just as prophesied..Read Ezekiel 38 and 39 for the coalition under Gog-Magog that moves against Israel.. - on 2009-10-15
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The maneuvers were held last week, revealed Syrian Foreign Minister Walid Moallem, who made the announcement on the Qatar-based Arabic-language Al Jazeera news network.
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"One week ago, Syria and Turkey carried out maneuvers near Ankara," Moallem announced. "This is important because it refutes reports of poor relations between the military and political institutes in Turkey over its strategic relations with Syria."
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The Syrian-Turkish military exercises were apparently being held at the same time that Turkey was informing Jerusalem that it would ban the IAF from participating in the joint Anatolian Eagle exercise, a move that was not made public by Israel until Sunday.
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The war games, scheduled to be held together with Turkey, the U.S. and Italy, reportedly were to include mock bombing raids in air space near the borders of Iran, Iraq and Syria.
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Israeli planes are believed to have passed through Turkish air space two years ago during the attack on a Syrian nuclear facility under construction.
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Two decades of close ties between Ankara and Jerusalem appear to be coming to an end, the Asia Times reported Wednesday.
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It explained that demands from the Arab world and from hard-line Muslims in Turkey have influenced the government to distance itself from Israel, which has supplied Ankara with hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of equipment for refurbishing tanks and airplanes.
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"This is a seriously worrying development," former Israeli Air Force Commander Eitan Ben-Eliyahu told an interviewer on Israeli television.
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"Turkey is critically essential in the training of our air force over wide spaces, particularly given Turkey's strategic location adjacent to both Iran and Syria."
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Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee chairman Tzachi HaNegbi (Kadima) stated that the cancellation of the joint military exercise is a "troubling" development.
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Turkish officials tried to calm harsh Israeli reactions to the surprise cancellation, but Israeli officials charged that the government of Prime Minister Recip Tayyip Erdogan is trying to punish Israel for the three-week Operation Cast Lead counterterrorist war against Gaza that concluded in mid-January.
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Prime Minister Erdogan also has been in the forefront of criticizing the United Nations decision last month not to discuss the Goldstone Report that accused Israel of war crimes in the Gaza operation. The U.N. now is considering reversing its position.
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End of an Era?
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The change in the friendship between Turkey and Israel, which one senior Israeli official admitted may “have simply ended,” leaves Israel without any friendly nation close to the northern border.
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The Asia Times noted that the cancellation of the aerial exercise may have severe implications on the effort to prevent Iran from developing a nuclear weapon.
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A Turkish-Syrian treaty signed Tuesday included plans to strengthen military ties and to end visa requirements for each country. Ten Turkish ministers flew to Syria for the high-level meeting with Syrian counterparts.
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Syria also praised Turkey for pulling out of the military exercise with Israel and urged other Muslim countries, mainly Jordan and Egypt, to cut diplomatic ties with Israel.
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Jordan this week threatened to withdraw its ambassador to Israel if Israeli police enter the Al-Aqsa mosque on the Temple Mount.
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Turkey also played a critical role as intermediary in indirect talks between Syria and Israel during the term of former Prime Minister Ehud Olmert.
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Turkey Tries to Calm Crisis
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Ankara nevertheless may be trying to calm the current crisis with Israel.
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Zamanonline, a Turkish news web site, reported Wednesday that the failure of Israel to deliver UAVs to help Turkey fight terror was the reason behind the cancellation of the aerial exercise with Israel.
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It quoted an anonymous senior air force official as saying that politics is not involved with the current crisis with Israel. The official reportedly said that Israel is not making good on a four-year-old $180 million contract with Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and Elbit Systems for 10 Heron UAVs.
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“Turkey needs those vehicles in its fight against terror. What led to the recent crisis between Turkey and Israel was the delay in the delivery,” he said.
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“As Israeli authorities failed to satisfactorily convince Turkey that they would be able to achieve the planned date for delivery of the Herons, the Air Forces Command informed the General Staff of the situation,” he told the web site.
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“The General Staff asked Israeli authorities one last time about the delivery of the Herons. Israeli authorities refused to give an exact date and said they planned to deliver the vehicles by the end of 2009, whereupon the General Staff decided to cancel the international part of the exercises.”
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Israeli engineers explained they ran into problems because of the weight of Turkish-made electro-optical payloads, which require a stronger engine for the Heron UAV. Two of the Herons have been delivered, but Turkey claims they are not satisfactory.
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Relations between Turkey and Israel deteriorated after the three-week Operation Cast Lead counterterrorist campaign ended, with Turkish Prime Minister Erdoğan storming out two weeks later during a panel discussion with President Shimon Peres about the war with Hamas.
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12 Oct 09
YouTube - THE HAWK 6-6
www.youtube.com/watch - Preview
the-hawk iran war USA russia china israel gog-magog cyberwar communications illuminati US-Govt
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THE HAWK 6-6
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The Hawk continued
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YouTube - The HAWK 4-6
www.youtube.com/watch - Preview
the-hawk boeing-aircraft US-Govt illuminati britain communications russia china iran mossad NWO end-time WWIII
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The HAWK 4-6
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The Hawk Continued
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09 Oct 09
Millennium Ark: Ahmadinejad’s Apocalyptic Ambitions
standeyo.com/...091009.Iran.apocalypse.html - Preview
ahmaddinejad iran mahdi hidden-imam islam shiites shia 12th-imam occultic western-nations USA Israel antichrist ithna-ashari Twelvers mahdaviat persia
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Ahmadinejad’s Apocalyptic Ambitions
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We ignore them at our own peril.
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October 8, 2009
Brad Macdonald
The Trumpet -
During an interview with Mahmoud Ahmadinejad recently, msnbc’s Ann Curry confronted the Iranian president with a provocative question about his spiritual beliefs.
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“In your speeches, you pray for God to hasten the arrival of the hidden imam, the Muslim messiah,” stated Curry. “What is your relationship with the hidden imam, and how soon do you think before the second coming?”
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Ahmadinejad’s response, delivered rather nonchalantly, was non-specific and concocted to appeal to his American audience. “Yes, that’s true,” he replied. “I prayed for the arrival of the 12th imam. … When the imam arrives, all [the world’s problems] will be resolved. And a prayer for the owner of the age is nothing but a wish for justice and brotherly love to prevail around the world.”
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Unconvinced, Curry pushed further: “You’ve said that you believe that his arrival, the apocalypse, would happen in your own lifetime. What do you believe that you should do to hasten his arrival?”
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“I have never said such a thing,” Ahmadinejad retorted.
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That was all it took. Deflated, Curry apologized, and backed away from the issue. “Forgive me … forgive me,” she pleaded, before allowing Ahmadinejad to conclude the segment with a slick sales pitch on the virtues of the 12th imam.
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Despite Curry’s capitulation, msnbc’s inquiry into Ahmadinejad’s spiritual underpinnings was refreshing, unique and extremely relevant.
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If Curry had pushed the issue further, she might have shed some much-needed light on what is arguably the most underrated story in the ongoing saga with Iran: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s quest to create the apocalyptic conditions he believes will surround the return of the 12 imam.
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The belief of a returning Mahdi, or 12th imam, is a defining doctrine within the most populous group of Shiites (known as Ithna Ashari, or “Twelvers”), to which Ahmadinejad belongs.
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Iran’s president—who wishes for the extermination of the Jewish state and is gunning for a nuclear arsenal—is a staunch adherent to the mahdaviat, which is “belief in and efforts to prepare for the Mahdi,” according to the Encyclopaedia of Islam.
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Twelvers believe the 12th imam will emerge from hiding when the world has fallen into chaos and civil strife.
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Ahmadinejad has stated that the main mission of the Islamic revolution “is to pave the way for the reappearance of the 12th imam, the Mahdi.”
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“Ahmadinejad speaks of the return of the 12th imam in many of his speeches,” warned Rick Santorum recently.
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“To the consternation of the ayatollahs, he has even said the Mahdi has communicated with him personally” (emphasis mine throughout).
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Commenting on what makes Iran’s leader a radical Twelver, Santorum noted Ahmadinejad’s consistent predictions about the return of the Mahdi, and, more ominously, Ahmadinejad’s conviction that “it is within his power to call the Mahdi back from his occultation.”
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When it comes to the Mahdi’s return, Ahmadinejad is the opposite of the seemingly nonchalant believer he sold himself as during his interview with Curry.
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In 2004, as mayor of Tehran, he instructed the city council to build a grand avenue to prepare for the Mahdi.
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Once he became president, he allocated $17 million for a blue-tiled mosque in Jamkaran, south of the capital, that is closely associated with the mahdaviat.
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“From redressing the gulf between rich and poor in Iran, to challenging the United States and Israel and enhancing Iran’s power with nuclear programs,” Scott Peterson wrote, “every issue is designed to lay the foundation for the Mahdi’s return.”
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Ahmadinejad’s belief in the Mahdi’s return has been a driving force behind his politics over the past four years.
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In a speech before the United Nations in September 2005, the Iranian president concluded his address to world leaders with a prayer for the Mahdi’s appearance: “O mighty Lord, I pray to you hasten the emergence of your last repository, the promised one, that perfect and pure human being, the one that will fill this world with justice and peace.”
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According to Ahmadinejad, it was no ordinary prayer.
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When he returned to Iran, the Iranian president boasted about it to supporters: “One of our group told me that when I started to say ‘In the name of God the almighty and merciful,’ he saw a light around me, and I was placed inside this aura. I felt it myself. I felt the atmosphere suddenly change, and for those 27 or 28 minutes, the leaders of the world did not blink. … [T]hey were rapt. It seemed as if a hand was holding them there and had opened their eyes to receive the message from the Islamic Republic.”
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Is there a better way to describe the present state of Iranian foreign policy?
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Peterson wrote that Ahmadinjad’s “presidential obsession with the mahdaviat yields a certitude that leaves little room for compromise.”
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Ahmadinejad does not base his political decisions on what is best for his nation—he makes decisions based on his radical religious beliefs.
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And these beliefs tell him that he must facilitate the return of the Mahdi by challenging America and the West and strengthening Islamic power on the world scene.
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Charles Krauthammer summed it up perhaps the best. He wrote back in 2005:
So a Holocaust-denying, virulently anti-Semitic, aspiring genocidist, on the verge of acquiring nuclear weapons of the apocalypse, believes that the end is not only near but nearer than the next American presidential election. … This kind of man would have, to put it gently, less inhibition about starting Armageddon than a normal person.
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Middle East expert Daniel Pipes says Ahmadinejad’s religious fervor and unbending commitment to the return of the 12th imam ranks him among the most dangerous leaders in history.
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“The most dangerous leaders in modern history are those (such as Hitler) equipped with a totalitarian ideology and a mystical belief in their own mission. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad fulfills both these criteria ….”
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Instead of apologizing, then backpedaling, Ann Curry, armed with all the evidence proving Ahmadinejad’s devotion to his 12th imam, ought to have prodded Ahmadinejad further on this issue. msnbc, rather than burying the snippets of its interview on its website, ought to have produced a full-length report on Ahmadinejad’s apocalyptic beliefs, and then aired it on prime-time television. Why?
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Because by providing an honest glimpse into the mind of Iran’s president, it could have helped America, including those inside the Beltway, uncover a fundamental reason for the United States’ ongoing failure to deal with Iran.
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It could have helped America realize that Mahmoud Ahmadinejad listens to his Mahdi, not Western leaders—not Barack Obama.
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He’s telling him to shun peace, and work toward creating the apocalyptic conditions needed to usher in his return.
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And what is the Mahdi supposedly telling his earthly minion?
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http://www.thetrumpet.com/index.php?q=6628.5096.0.0
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07 Oct 09
Steve Quayle News Alerts: Massive Cyber Attacks On U.S., British Mil Communications
www.stevequayle.com/...091007.cyber.threat.html - Preview
oct-6-2009 cyber-attack US-Military china russia iran back-up communications cyber-war Andrews
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Massive Cyber Attacks on U.S. & British Military Communications
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What ya gonna do when the sats and computers go down? A primer in communications -urgent return to the past for communications back up.
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October 7, 2009
Hawk -
Yesterday on October 6, 2009 several acts of war against the U.S. and the U.K. were perpetrated and very few know about it.
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No it was not bullets, mortars, missiles, or even IEDS in Afghanistan or Iraq.......but the blows were none less telling in the world of 3 C's ........Command, Control, and Communications.
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Apparently, the entire National Communications Center capability to communicate went down at Andrews at least for enough of a duration to cause extreme consternation and a designation of RED.
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As many know, this is a vital Communications Center for the U.S. Military, Intelligence community, and the Commander In Chief. It going down caused numerous problems and no doubt many questions asked.
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It may be no wonder to those who follow such events why the President decided to give a visit and a Speech to the main Counter Terror Fusion Hive somewhere in D.C. and its environs nearby of Puzzle Land or Ole Virginny.
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Oh, some may say, that because of all the attacks upon the Intel community by this President and his comrades, along with Speaker Pelosi in the House, and the recent down dressing of General McChrystal for breaking chain of command to beg for more troops in Afghanistan by Obama adviser General Jones (RET.) may have prompted this visit to work some MAJIC and shore up his relationship with those with actually higher clearance levels.
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Others might say that because of rumored up to $500,000 bounties offered to those who would turn in any of their high level INTEL / MIL brethren who dare oppose or hold different political views than those of the King Tut to the World,
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that in fact so much $$$ have been spread in order to Purge the INTEL/ MIL world of Constitutionalists, Christians, and Anti-Communist factions within the U.S. that in fact he has at least some willing friendly minions there.
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That is all intrigue and info from deep pools.
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I contend that it was necessary to visit because Communications were hampered somewhat and the deep underground Counter Terror Bunker has not only dedicated communications, and power generation .........but also they might have just been able to tell this President who may have taken down Andrews comm capability,
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whether it was related to a similar incident that affected MI-6 and GCHQ across the pond in the U.K. which will be discussed shortly, and whether it was related to the upcoming War in the Mideast beginning with Israel vs. Iran.
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Or, just to add fuel to the Illuminati generated ORDO AB CHAO under some luciferian faction plan.
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Anyway, someone had better know how to prevent these unprecedented in scope ,attacks on the key U.S. military facilities.
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He went to be able to communicate and found out that this world is not revolving around his personal Alinskyesque attempts to overwhelm the U. S. into forming some new AMERO INTERNATIONALE de Lucie and that WAR IS GETTING READY TO COME TO TOWN AS THE U.S. DOLLAR AND BANKING SYSTEM ARE READY TO COLLAPSE .
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That some nations just might take advantage of that and do perhaps have the will to strike death blows to the United States in spite of her Military capabilities, may have just turned on a light bulb that this ain't play acting to win an election.
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In this world it is really hard anymore to just "Glow" your way to victory.
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The U.K. situation yesterday apparently was a massive deep hack and the resultant cyber-purloining of approx. 2000 pages of the Queen's MI-6 deepest current secrets relating perhaps to operational details of clandestine agenteur, current INTEL operations, and future plans for a variety of target nations around the world.
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That these "Dirty Knickers" were spread all over the Internet throughout the Eurozone prior to a quick takedown by GCHQ and MI-6 caused great wailing and consternation in the British circles of power. Understandably so as this amounts to war.
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Curiously though, yesterday also had a UN group comment that the next World War will be fought in Cyberspace
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.....is there any linkage of these cyber generated attacks to the fact that certain UN working groups were addressing that very issue or that in nearly every country belabored Elites like Senator Rocky Oil want to take away the Internet from the people because they are losing control of the masses of sheep they have been feeding upon.
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So, the questions abound who did these massive attacks in cyberspace. Best guesses are:
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1. Red Chinese who already have been caught compromising the entire U.S. Govt, Mil. and Intel computer net works. Of course DHS having a contract with Tsinghua University computer experts in a Metro Columbus, Ohio branch campus office? Why should be addressed quickly.
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2. Russians who do have a treaty of defense with Iran and who have the will to launch on CONUS and the U.K. if they support an Israeli attack upon Iran. Both countries have been probed heavily by Russian Bombers and Subs very recently in a new "cold war like" show of force by the Bear.
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Their overall Mil capability is not what it once was, but they did pay off their Club of Paris Debt and with oil going to go to Pluto they will contest just how this "New World Order" is to be structured.
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Large numbers of Spetsnaz and GRU sleepers are very active in the U.S. and U.K.
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3. Iran herself who has to perhaps work the asymmetrical angles as much as possible with an almost guaranteed pending Israeli attack coming against their nuclear material and warhead development facilities.
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4. Israeli Mossad perhaps to create a false flag cyber attack in order to gain guaranteed actual Military and Financial support from the U.S. and U.K.
IE. Pin the false tail on the Iranians and Russians so that the U.S. and the U.K. will go along with the attacks coming on Tehran, Qom. Isfahan, and other Iranian cities. -
5. some luciferian Cabal wanting to just fuel ORDO AB CHAO and throw the world into 6th gear on a slippery track of abandon.
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Regardless, the point here is that a return to the tried and true nearly indestructible older communications methods of the Cold War 50s for back-up purposes is in order.
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Industrial strength HF transmitters that can cut through nearly any amount of bad propo, antennas that can receive HF from Alpha Draconis or Adam and Eve through time/space.
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Analog, tubes, and hard wires that were not susceptible to electro magnetic pulse detonation might just want to be considered to be reactivated.
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Also, Military and Intel rank and file should be trained once again in all forms signalling and comm including Morse Code, Flag and Pennant codes, older HF radio systems, and any so called antiquated method of signals including smoke signals and the native drum if necessary.
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All this hardware with soooooo too many Chinese Chips inside outsourced in De-industrialization of the U.S. by greedy and evil men, can soon mean that you cannot project much power anywhere if the orders to send them into to battle cannot even be given or if the threat of an incoming bogey 110 nautical miles off the east coast CONUS cannot be communicated properly to command who can interdict the threat.
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Recall also the unscheduled forced landing of Air Force 2 with Daarth Duvhunter aboard who ended up talking to some Chinese at their whim at a Singapore airport. They even described the sequence of the chips that were turned off inside that aircraft. Why did the U.S. let Boeing ever create that manufacturing line inside Red China?
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Well, you had better have back up as at that point it becomes a much more confused and local battlefield and some enemy just take your Command Post with a club or a rock, just as Einstein warned about many years ago.
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So, what you gonna do? what you gonna do when the Sats get killed and the Computers get Hacked?
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Regenerate complete U.S. manufacture of military micro chips, hire and pay well dedicated U.S. service personnel instead of mercenary contractors and mixed allegiance corporate Illuminati who hire foreign techno zombies with no allegiance to America.
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Create a true multi-level Communications redundancy and one as simple and tough a KABAR knife. One that could be drenched in an Asian swamp or used at the frozen Chosin again or could be hidden in a Shanghai apartment and easily serviced and used even after EMP strikes or during if you please.
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Wake up Good Guys in MIL/ INTEL.........We don't have much time left.
Hawk
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UFO tracks Iranian missiles | The Sun |News
www.thesun.co.uk/...O-tracks-Iranian-missiles.html - Preview
video iran test missile UFO drone mystery middle-east phenomena nick-pope shahab-3 alien man-made
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Mystery ... craft streaks through cloud
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By VINCE SOODIN
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Published: 06 Oct 2009
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A UFO streaks through the sky in this astonishing video of the Iranians test
firing a controversial missile. -
The mystery object zooms unseen through Iran's airspace —
before splitting a cloud in two as the film focuses in on the soaring
rocket. -
A UFO expert today described the unknown craft — which appears to be
tracking the weapon — as "phenomenal". -
Iran launched two short-range missiles last Saturday — angering the
West and Israel. -
A US report on Fox News revealed the UFO in footage of the second launch.
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The video shows the Shahab-3 rocket soaring into the sky.
But after 38 seconds a nearby cloud is mysteriously torn in two by a flying
object travelling at speed. -
Nick Pope, a respected former UFO analyst for the Ministry of Defence,
examined the remarkable footage. -
He hinted that whatever ripped through the cloud was not man made.
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He said: "One theory is that it's a secret American drone. At any time there
are prototype aircraft and drones being operated that won't be shown in
public for years. -
"Stealth aircraft flew for many years before their existence was acknowledged.
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"But the speed and acceleration seems phenomenal. I'm not convinced we've got
anything capable of such manoeuvres."
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27 Feb 09
YouTube - War Games - SHTF Scenario #2 - Tax Revolts and Global Unrest
www.youtube.com/watch - Preview
israel netanyahu gog-magog bob-baer glenn-beck civil-unrest europe america mexico us-government iran 2012 scenario end-time middle-east tyranny martial-law usa
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War Games - SHTF Scenario #2 - Tax Revolts and Global Unrest
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In the United States, it is often used to refer to a series of anti-tax state initiative campaigns. The first significant wave of these campaigns was during the 1930s.
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The Great Depression introduced unprecedented tax burdens to Americans. While real estate values plummeted and unemployment skyrocketed, the cost of government remained high.
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As a result, taxes as a percentage of the national income nearly doubled from 11.6 percent in 1921 to 21.1 in 1932. Most of the increase took place at the local level and especially squeezed the resources of real estate taxpayers. Local tax delinquency rose steadily to a still standing record of 26.3% in 1933.
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Many Americans reacted to these conditions by forming taxpayers' leagues to call for lower taxes and cuts in government spending. By some estimates, there were three thousand of them by 1933. Taxpayers' leagues endorsed such measures as laws to limit and rollback taxes, lowered penalties on tax delinquents, and cuts in government spending. Partly as a result of their efforts, sixteen states and numerous localities adopted property tax limitations while three states instituted homestead exemptions.
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While taxpayers' leagues usually favored traditional legal and political strategies, a few were more direct. Probably the best known of these was the Association of Real Estate Taxpayers in Chicago. From 1930 to 1933, it led one of the largest tax strikes in American history. At its height, it had 30,000 paid members, a budget of $600,000, and a weekly radio show.
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By 1933, the taxpayers' leagues had entered a period of decline. Several factors undermined the conditions that had nurtured revolt. For example, economic conditions gradually improved, the federal government extended aid to homeowners, and local governments reduced reliance on real estate taxes. To some extent, the tax revolt also fell victim to an effective counterattack by municipal reformers, government officials, and the holders of municipal debt such as bondholders and bankers who formed so-called "Pay Your Taxes" campaigns throughout the country. These campaigns used a combination of door-to-door solicitation, threats of coercion, and inducements, such as installment payment plans, to collect back taxes.[1]
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An alternative theory describing the decline of the taxpayers' leagues is that laws limiting existing taxes and new tax revenues from the manufacture and sale of alcohol due to the repeal of prohibition eliminated the need for the taxpayers' leagues.[2]
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18 Jan 09
From The Ashes Of Angels - Part 3
www.andrewcollins.com/...ashespreview_three.html - Preview
andrew-collins angels fallen-angels egypt the-sphinx jarmo ubaid iran peacock-angel melek-taus devil-worship iranian-highlands flood fire age-of-leo giza yezidis serpents underground-cities nephilim
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Add Sticky NoteTheir beliefs centre
around a supreme being named Melek Taus, the `peacock angel', who is
venerated in the form of a strange bird icon known as a sanjaq.- The "Peacock Angel" - on 2009-01-18
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Add Sticky NoteThis is highly significant, for it suggests that
the baby was seen as having been born with these features. In other
words, the `lizard-like' heads of the figurines are not masks, or symbolic
animalistic forms, but abstract images of an actual race believed by
the Ubaid people to have possessed such reptilian qualities.- A "reptilian" race - on 2009-01-18
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Add Sticky NoteMuch more likely is that the heads are those
of serpents which are known to have been associated with Sumerian underworld
deities such as Ningiszida, Lord of the Good Tree.- Sumerian "underworld deities" - on 2009-01-18
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Add Sticky NoteThe
memory of such subterranean worlds are also likely to have been behind
the Judaeo-Christian belief in Gehenna and Hell - the fiery realm into
which the fallen angels were cast as a punishment for their interference
in the affairs of mankind.- Jesus spoke of a literal Hell and a place of eternal torment as a factual place; not an allegory or mythic abode. - on 2009-01-18
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In the same general vicinity as the underground cities of Cappadocia
is a virtual lunar landscape made up of thousands of enormous rock cones
whittled into shape by fierce winds over many thousands of years. -
Local
tradition refers to them as peri bacalari, the fire chimneys of the
Peri - beautiful fallen angels born of Iblis, the Arab-Persian form
of Satan. -
These `fairy chimneys', as they are inappropriately referred
to in English, are today said to be haunted by the djinn, spectral relatives
of the angels who also once lived in heaven before their fall. -
Many
of these `fairy chimneys' were occupied during early Christian times,
while a number of them were actually fashioned into rupestral or troglodyte
churches from the sixth century onwards. -
The oldest contain many fascinating
images beyond the accepted iconography of the Early Church. These include
recurring geometric designs and, in one case a stylised bird-man, which
may well reflect an art-style found in the 8000-year-old vulture shrines
at Catal Hayuk. -
The close proximity of both this unique `Christian'
art and the site of Catal Hayuk to the underground cities cannot be
overlooked. -
Remember too that in the story of Ishtar's descent into
the underworld the goddess encounters beings `like birds covered with
feathers', who `from the days of old ruled the earth'. -
Is it
possible that the dwellers of the underground cities were indeed the
forerunners of those who built the sub-surface citadel of Catal Hayuk?
Might they have been connected with the shamanistic Watcher culture
of the Kurdish highlands, which lay some distance to the east of Cappadocia? -
Children
of the Djinn -
If so, then where might these strange shamanistic cultures have originated?
-
Did it simply develop in Turkey and Kurdistan shortly after the end
of the last Ice Age, or had its original ancestors migrated from some
foreign land? -
Add Sticky NoteThe angel-worshipping cults of Kurdistan see themselves
only as descendents of the patriarch Noah, the saviour of humanity whose
direct family settled in their land.- Devil worshiping cults of northern Iraq draw their ancestry from Noah and his surviving sons. - on 2009-01-18
-
In contrast, the Kurdish Jews preserve
a very curious story concerning the origins of their gentile neighbours,
whom they refer to as `children of the djinn'. -
Add Sticky NoteThey say that long ago
King Solomon ordered 500 djinn to find him 500 of the most beautiful
virgins in the world. They were not to return until every last one was
in their possession. The djinn had set about their immense task, going
to Europe to seek out the maidens. Finally, after gathering together
the correct number, the djinn were about to return to Jerusalem when
they learnt that Solomon had passed away. In a dilemma, the djinn decided
what to do. Should they return the girls to their rightful homes in
Europe, or should they remain with them? Because the young virgins had
`found favor in the eyes of the jinn, the jinn took them unto themselves
as their wives. And they begot many beautiful children, and those children
bore more children ... And that is the way the nation of the Kurds came
into being'- The Kurdish Jews' version of the origins of the Kurds - on 2009-01-18
-
In another
version of the same story, 100 genies are dispatched by Solomon to search
out 100 of the world's most beautiful maidens for his personal harem.
Having achieved this quota, Solomon then dies and the 100 genies decide
to settle down with the maidens amid the inaccessible mountains of Kurdistan.
The offspring of these marriages result in the foundation of the Kurdish
race, `who in their elusiveness resemble their genie forefathers and
in their handsomeness their foremothers'. -
As non-sensical
as these legend may seem, they attempt to explain the inexplicable foreign
features of certain Kurdish communities and point to their origin in
the biblical kingdom of Solomon, in other words modern-day Israel. -
Mountain
of the Madai -
The Mandaeans of Lower Iraq are more specific about the origin of their
race. -
Although their direct ancestors are said to have come from a mythical
location known as the Mountain of the Madai in Iranian Kurdistan, before
that their most distant ancestors apparently originated in Egypt. -
Even
though this might seem a mere fantasy on the part of the Mandaeans,
it is a fact that their language contains various words that are undoubtedly
of ancient Egyptian origin. -
More importantly, they believe that after
death the soul flies north (ie towards the mountains of Kurdistan) where
it enters a mythical domain known as Mataratha, the place of judgement. -
Add Sticky NoteHere the intelligences of the neter, the watch-houses, can be found.
The term neter can be used as a noun in some Near Eastern languages
to mean `watchers', the very name of the first angels given in Enochian
and Dead Sea literature,- Is this where we get the term "nether regions" and "nether world?" - on 2009-01-18
-
while in the ancient Egyptian language this
same word is used to define the semi-divine beings who lived in a golden
age known as zep tepi, the First Time. -
Was it possible that the Watchers
of Kurdistan were descendents of the neter-gods of Egypt? -
The
First Farmers -
Although the neolithic explosion is known to have begun in the mountains
of Kurdistan sometime around 8500 BC, this was not the genesis of early
agriculture, animal domestication, precision tool manufacture and structured
community lifestyles. There is strong evidence that they were all present
at various sites along the Nile in southern Egypt and northern Sudan
as early as 12,500 BC. -
Add Sticky NoteThese advanced communities continued to develop
at a steady pace until 10,500 BC, when suddenly they ceased farming
for no obvious reason.- The Flood of Genesis stopped it? - on 2009-01-18
-
Scholars have put this complete and utter cessation
of a sophisticated agricultural-based lifestyle among the Nilotic peoples
down to the extremely high Nile floods which occurred during this epoch. -
Yet in my opinion there was something more behind this extraordinary
U-turn on the part of these communities. -
Add Sticky NoteIt almost
seemed as if those who had taught the Nilotic peoples the rudiments
of an agricultural lifestyle had suddenly departed the scene, leaving
their obedient pupils to return to primitive hunter-gatherer lifestyles
more familiar to the age in question.- And a departure of the fallen angels (Watchers) - on 2009-01-18
-
It is therefore interesting to
note that after its apparent disappearance from Egypt c. 10,500 BC,
agriculture does not reappear again until it blossoms in Kurdistan a
full 1500 years later. -
Add Sticky NoteIs it therefore possible that the teachers of
the Nilotic communities departed Egypt for Kurdistan sometime between
10,500 and 9000 BC?- They departed..but it wasn't for Kurdistan - on 2009-01-18
-
Who exactly were these hypothetical agronomists
and what made them leave the cultivated steppes of palaeolithic Egypt
for pastures new? More importantly, were they the ancestors of the Watchers,
the human angels of Enochian and Dead Sea tradition? -
Redating
the Sphinx -
Hard evidence now emerging from Egypt strongly suggests that the Great
Sphinx of Giza was not carved during Pharaonic times, as has always
been believed, but much earlier instead. -
As has been widely publicised
over the past few years, the geological profile of this most ancient
of monuments suggests that it was fashioned before the gradual desiccation
of the Middle East in the fourth millennium BC. -
Add Sticky NoteThe intense weathering
on its body would appear to have been induced, not by sand erosion,
but by rain precipitation over the course of many thousands of years.- He is careful to emphasize "over the course of many thousands of years." Whereas, it is equally possible the Sphinx could have survived the mighty downpours of the 40 days of rain and the subsequent inundations of the flood; the "fountains of the deep" contributing to the rising waters. And in addition, the run-off of the receding flood waters could also have contributed to the erosian of the Sphinx. - on 2009-01-18
-
The last time that rain fell in such profusion was during the period
known to climatologists as the neolithic sub-pluvial which occurred
between 8000 and 5000 BC. This suggests that the Sphinx was carved either
during or before this time. -
The
Sphinx is quite obviously a lion, the head of which was re-carved in
Pharaonic times to represent a king wearing the nemes-headdress. -
Orientated
exactly due east, it gazes out towards the point on the horizon where
the sun rises each spring and autumn equinox. -
Its function is like that
of a time-marker, a minute hand on a clock, recording the return of
the solar orb as it passes through its 365-day cycle. -
Yet it also possesses
a less obvious, though perhaps more important `hour' hand, and this
one marks the minuscule shift in the starry canopy as it turns about
its 26,000-year cycle of precession. -
This visual effect is caused by
the extremely slow wobble of the earth, which might be compared with
the swaying action of a child's spinning top if revolving at a snail's
pace. -
Built
in the Age of Leo -
In astronomical terms the phenomenon known as precession causes the
12 zodiacal constellations to shift backwards in line with the ecliptic,
the sun's path, in a regular sequence. In simple terms, this means that
the stars rising alongside the sun make way for another constellation
every 2160 or so years until all 12 signs have completed this astronomical
merry-go-around. -
To `read' precession as a long-term time-cycle the
ancients noted which sign rose with the sun on the spring equinox, the
zero-point of the yearly calendar in many Middle Eastern cultures. -
If
we look today towards the eastern horizon just before sun-rise on 21
March we will see the stars of Pisces. -
When Alexander the Great conquered
the Persian Empire in 330 BC, the stars of Aries the ram were seen rising
with the equinoctial sun, -
and when the Pyramids of Giza were built in
c. 2500 BC, it was the stars of Taurus the bull that rose with the sun
on the spring equinox. -
If the
Great Sphinx was carved as an equinoctial marker at the same time the
neighbouring Pyramids were constructed in Pharaonic times, then surely
it would make more sense if it was a bull. Making it a lion hints at
a connection with the stars of Leo, suggesting that it marked an age
when the constellation of Leo rose with the equinoctial sun. -
The last
Age of Leo occurred between 10,970 and 8810 BC, suggesting that the
construction date of the Great Sphinx fell somewhere within this time-frame. -
This is not a new idea by any stretch of the imagination. As far as
I am aware, this theory was first put forward by British astro-mythologist
Gerald Massey in 1907. -
In an extraordinary work entitled ANCIENT EGYPT
- THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD he boldly concluded that `... we may date the
Sphinx as a monument which was reared by these great (Egyptian) builders
and thinkers, who lived so largely out of themselves, some thirteen
thousand years ago (ie in the age of Leo, its astronomical counterpart).' -
More
recent astro-mythological evidence presented by Graham Hancock and Robert
Bauval in their 1996 book KEEPER OF GENESIS, convincingly demonstrates
that the Great Sphinx, as well as the ground-plan of the Giza plateau
as a whole, must date as early as 10,500 BC, the very time-frame given
for the sudden cessation of proto-agriculture along the Nile. -
Since
we know that the great stone blocks removed from the sunken enclosure
around the leonine monument at the time of its construction were used
to build the nearby Sphinx and Valley Temples, then these too must date
from the same distant epoch of human history. -
Add Sticky NoteAll this indicates the
presence in Egypt around 10,500 BC of an advanced culture adept in agronomy,
engineering, building technology, as well as astro-mythology and geomythics
that included a profound knowledge of the earth's 26,000-year precessional
cycle.- And there is no reason to believe these "pre-flood" peoples were all one big semi-civilized people barely existing in a stoneage culture. There is reason to believe, even by Bible standards, that a worldwide civilization existed and may very well have been one of extremely high technology...or at least capable of engineering, astronomy and navigation. - on 2009-01-18
-
Who
were these people? Were these builders of the Great Sphinx really the
ancestors of the tall, viper-faced Watchers of Kurdistan? Folklore,
legend and the spread of Old World agriculture would appear to support
this view. -
Add Sticky NoteYet if this was the case, then what happened to make this
Egyptian Elder culture want to migrate to the highlands of Kurdistan?- Perhaps they did not. Perhaps they were wiped out in Noah's Flood; and only migrated back into the land that would become Egypt after their ancestors landed in the mountains of northern Mesopotamia; with the subsequent division of the peoples by language. - on 2009-01-18
-
Global
Destruction -
As has already been adequately demonstrated elsewhere (Hapgood, 1958
& 1970; Hancock, 1995; Flem-Ath, 1995), there is ample evidence
that as the last Ice Age came to a close in the eleventh and tenth millennia
BC, the world was shaken by a series of severe climatic changes and
geological upheavals. -
Volcanoes erupted, earthquakes shook the ground,
floods poured across the landscape and long periods of darkness blotted
out the sun. -
This led to the destruction of countless millions of animals
and the outright extinction of dozens of individual species. Cataclysm
legends across the world appear to record these events in colourful
and often symbolic detail. -
Egypt's
proposed Elder culture would have been right in the thick of this global
destruction. -
Certainly it is known that the climatic changes during
this epoch caused wide-spread flooding along the Nile, the reason scholars
have suggested for the cessation of its proto-agriculture. -
Father
of Terrors -
It seems likely that these troubled times forced Egypt's high culture
to fragment and disperse, hence the sudden cessation of proto-agriculture
among the various Nile communities. -
This supposition is supported by
vivid accounts of fire and flood from Egypt itself. -
For example, surviving
Coptic-Arab texts speak of the land being devastated both by floods
and a great fire that came from `the constellation of Leo' - a reference
not necessarily to some astronomical boloid coming from this part of
the heavens, but to the time-frame in which these events occurred, in
other words during the Age of Leo. -
Because the human race had turned its back on the ways of
the sun-god Ra, or Re, whom it saw as `too old', the fierce goddess
unleashed an all-consuming fire. Her mass genocide would have resulted
in the destruction of humanity had it not been for Ra's personal intervention.
He sent an intoxicating brew to cover the earth. Consuming this mixture
made Sekhmet drunk so that she fell asleep. -
More
telling is the myth of Sekhmet, the lion-headed deity in the Egyptian
pantheon. -
Assuming
that Sekhmet's fierce fire was in some way representative of an all-encompassing
conflagration that devastated Egypt, then might the intoxicating brew
that covered the earth be a memory of a subsequent flood that also overwhelmed
the land? -
Add Sticky NoteThe indications are that the lion of Leo come to
symbolise the age of chaos and destruction that surrounded the end of
the Ice Age, perhaps the reason why the Arabs referred to the Great
Sphinx as the `Father of Terrors'.- Arabs refer to the Sphinx as "the Father of Terrors." - on 2009-01-18
-
If so, then was Sekhmet herself simply a allegorical allusion
to the Age of Leo? -
In the
story of Sekhmet the survivors of the human race attempt to escape the
goddess' devastating fire either by climbing a mountain or by hiding
in `holes' like `snakes' or `worms'. -
Similar means of protection against
the cataclysms that raged during the Age of Leo are found in mythologies
around the globe, while the presence of such stories in Egyptian legend
point towards the break-up of the Elder culture and its subsequent re-establishment
in other regions. -
Might this have included Cappadocia, where underground
cities would appear to have been built as early as 9000 BC, and the
mountains of Kurdistan, where the Watchers may well have catalysed the
beginning of the Neolithic revolution as early as 8500 BC? -
The
date for this apparent diaspora of the Elder culture towards the end
of the last Ice Age can actually be pinned down with some degree of
accuracy. -
For instance, a ninth-century Coptic-Arab text known as Abou
Hormeis records that the astronomer-priests of Egypt, having realised
the imminent destruction of their race, conceded that: `The deluge was
to take place when the heart of the Lion entered into the first minute
of the head of Cancer.' -
Add Sticky NoteThe `heart of the lion' was the name given in
classical times to the star Regulus, Leo's `royal star', which lies
exactly on the ecliptic, the sun's perceived daily course across the
sky.- Regulus: "The Heart of the Lion" - on 2009-01-18
-
Since the constellation of Cancer follows Leo only in the precessional
cycle (Leo follows Cancer in the yearly cycle), then this appears to
confirm that this legend preserved, not just the memory of probable
historical events, but also the approximate date in which they occurred. -
At my
request, electronics engineer Rodney Hale punched the astronomical information
contained in the Abou Hormeis account into a computer using a Skyglobe
3.5 programme. -
He ascertained that the last time Leo's `royal star'
would have risen and been visible on the eastern horizon just prior
to the equinoctial sunrise, was around 9220 BC. -
When the star Regulus,
the `heart of the lion', no longer rose with the sun on the spring,
or vernal, equinox, this would have been seen by the astronomer-priests
of Egypt as a signal that the Age of Leo had come to an end, and the
age of Cancer was either about to commence, or that it had already entered
its `first minute' of arc across the sky. -
This information therefore
suggested that it was at this point that the Elder culture had departed
Egypt in anticipation of a major deluge that was about to over-run their
land. -
Kosmokrator
-
If we now turn to Iranian tradition we find that various Zoroastrian
texts, including the Bundahishn, speak of world history beginning 9000
years before the traditionally accepted date for the coming of its great
prophet, Zoroaster, in 588 BC. -
It was
at this time, so one text states, that the faith's dualistic deities,
Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu, were born from `the fire of the air' and
`the water of the earth' - cryptic references once again to fire and
flood during the age of Leo. -
This gives a date of 9588 BC.
-
The
twin deities vie for superiority over heaven and earth, a battle that
is only settled when Zoroaster is said to have vanquished the daeva-worshipping
Magi priesthoods during his own life-time. -
Ever since this time the
`Good Spirit', Ahura Mazda, has ruled supreme. -
Did
all this imply that the ancestors of the Iranian god-kings had first
inhabited their mythical homeland, known as the Airyana Vaejah, the
Iranian Expanse, around 9588 BC? -
Give or take a few centuries, this
date was remarkably close to the time-frame in which the Egyptian Elder
culture would appear to have broken up. -
Since the Airyana Vaejah is
equated with the Kurdish highlands, might this tradition also record
the arrival in the region of those Elders who went on to establish the
proposed Watcher culture? -
According
to Iranian mythology, the dualistic forces of Ahura Mazda and Angra
Mainyu were born to a supreme being known as Zurvan, who symbolised
`infinite time'. -
In the Roman cult of the god Mithras, which developed
from primary Iranian sources, the concept of `infinite time' was symbolised
by a lion-headed deity. -
Add Sticky NoteStatues depicting this leonine figure show the
twelve signs of the zodiac on its chest and a snake curling up over
the top of its mane.- The "snake" - the serpent swallowing his tail : the "Ouroboros" - on 2009-01-18
-
Although the deity is not identified by name (although
it is occasionally linked with Aeon, a gnostic god of time), scholars
of Mithraism describe it as a kosmokrator, the controlling intelligence
behind the phenomenon of precession. -
To find
a lion-headed kosmokrator that originated in a tradition that saw world
history as having begun in 9588 BC, during the Age of Leo, was impossible
to ignore. -
Could it be possible that although knowledge of the precessional
cycle was understood by the Elder culture of Egypt, later cultures who
inherited this tradition failed to comprehend its mechanics. -
So instead
of Leo making way for the age of Cancer, and then Gemini, and then Taurus,
the symbol of the lion became the one and only kosmokrator, or guardian
of infinite time, in much the same way that the Great Sphinx became
a precessional time-marker on the plateau at Giza. -
Tragedy
of the Fall -
Egypt's Elder culture never made it into the pages of history. The memory
of their apparent descendents, the Watchers of Kurdistan, is but a hollow
victory on their part. -
Add Sticky NoteBeing remembered as beautiful angels who fell
from grace, or as immortal gods and goddesses, or as lustful demons
who corrupted the minds of mankind, hardly befits their incredible achievements
in astronomy, agriculture, geomythics, building technology and structured
society.- Nevertheless...great societies of great achievements in the arts, medicine, music, architecture, egineering, etc...do not necessarily preclude them from evil. Evidence: Germany and the rise of Hitler. - on 2009-01-18
-
It was almost certainly the descendents of the Egyptian Elder
culture who paved the way for the growth of civilisation in the Old
World. -
Yet
these individuals did much more than this, for they would also appear
to have left the world an important legacy. -
It can be traced in the
astro-mythology and geomythics of the Giza plateau as well as in the
universal myths and legends concerning global cataclysms and precessional
data. It transcends all language barriers and can be `read' by all.
It is a simple message repeated again and again, like a recurring SOS
Mayday signal, and it suggests that what befell their race could one
day happen again. -
For whatever reason, we as a race could sink into
oblivion without trace and be wiped clean from the pages of history,
unless, that is, we wake up from this collective amnesia we seem to
have been experiencing for the past eleven thousand years and realise
that we were never the first. -
Free
thinkers, mystics and maverick scholars have been telling us that civilisation
is much older than science would like us to believe for the past hundred
years or more. -
Often their books repeat almost exactly the same evidence
time after time. The Pyramids, Tiahuanaco, the Maya, Piri Reis, Hapgood,
Plato and the Baghdad battery are just some of the buzz-words repeated
again and again. Yet no one other than believers has ever taken these
matters seriously. -
With
the re-dating of the Great Sphinx in particular, there is now too much
evidence to deny that at the end of the last Ice Age a high culture
existed in this world. -
Where these people came from is completely unknown.
Some might suggest Atlantis, others will say they came from the skies,
but to be honest we simply do not know. -
What is far more important is
that we take each step at a time, and stick to hard facts, in the hope
that this time the whole world will share in these greatest revelations
of our time. -
All
notes and references used for this article can be found in the author's
book FROM THE ASHES OF ANGELS (Michael Joseph, hbk, œ16.99)
-
17 Jan 09
Iranian, foreign archaeologists return to 8000-year-old site in southern Iran
www.payvand.com/...1104.html - Preview
iran archaeologists fars-province persia 8000-years excavations sorvan nurabad-mamasani lidoma achaemenids neolithic
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01/11/09
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Iranian, foreign archaeologists return to 8000-year-old site in southern Iran
- 14 more annotations...
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TEHRAN,
Jan. 11 (Mehr News Agency) -- A team of Iranian, Australian, and British archaeologists has
recently begun the fifth season of excavation at the 8000-year-old site in
Sorvan near Nurabad Mamasani in Fars Province. -
An Iranian-Australian team's joint efforts in late 2007 led to the discovery of
the ruins of an Achaemenid palace at the site, which is believed to be the
Achaemenid city of Lidoma that has been named in a collection of ancient tablets
previously unearthed at Persepolis. -
The prehistoric area of Tol-e Nurabad and the Achaemenid structure at the site
will be studied by the team, Iranian director of the team Alireza Asgari told
the Persian service of CHN on Sunday. -
Tol-e Nurabad has a 6000 year archaeological sequence beginning in the Neolithic
period (ca. 6000 BC) and extending to the post-Achaemenid period in the 1st
millennium BC. -
The team is also slated to survey the effects of climate changes over the past
10,000 years on residential areas in the region during this season of studies,
which will be continued in February, Asgari added. -
Cameron Petrie of the University of Cambridge and Iranian archaeologist Alireza
Sardari head the team in the prehistoric studies section, and Asgari and Lloyd
Weeks of the University of Nottingham will direct the team in the Achaemenid
studies at the site. -
"Mamasani is the second most important ancient region of Far Province after
Marvdasht," Asgari noted. -
"It is the key to the history of the land located between Susa and Persepolis,"
he explained. -
The Achaemenid palace was reburied in August 2008 due to lack of an appropriate
plan necessary for the preservation of the site. -
The structure covers an area of 1500 square meters and its original height has
been estimated at 14 meters, based on the width of the column footings unearthed
at the site. -
The remains of stairs, halls, column bases, and the original stone surface of
the structure along with numerous marble artifacts had been unearthed during
previous seasons of excavation. -
The ruins also include a 30-meter long hallway with a flagstone floor. It is
believed that it was originally an iwan. The walls of the iwan have been
constructed from stairs of crenellated stones. -
The column bases and stairs of crenellated walls are very similar to those
belonging to the Sad-Sotun Palace at Persepolis.
-
14 Jan 09
Expediting the Grand Jihad: Barack Obama and the Muslim Brotherhood | Paul and Phillip D. Collins
www.conspiracyarchive.com/...Obama_Muslim_Brotherhood.htm - Preview
obama muslim-brotherhood tony-rezko chicago grand-jihad iran israel hamas george-bush al-banna mazen-asbahi mirza power-elite us-citizens
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This ground assault followed hot on the heels
of Operation Cast Lead, a December 27-28 series of Israeli airstrikes
conducted in Gaza in response to Hamas' refusal to renew the truce
brokered by Egypt in the summer of 2008 -
Hamas had been launching rocket
attacks into Israel since December 24, when no less than 70 rockets hit
the small Jewish state, and Israel decided to strike back ("Israeli
jets hit Hamas target, killing 1"). - 100 more annotations...
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Doubtless, the conflict between Israel and Hamas is one of the many
issues that Obama will have to address when he enters the Oval Office. -
Is the President-elect sincere in his opposition to the terrorists
responsible for the current Middle East crisis? -
Obama has repeatedly
condemned Hamas, calling the group a terrorist organization -
The President-elect even went as far as
to condemn former President Jimmy Carter for meeting with Hamas (ibid). -
But the words of Ahmed Yousef, a top Hamas political advisor, during a
WABC interview, seem to suggest that Obama's opposition to Hamas may be
a mere public relations ploy. -
During the interview, Yousef stated:
"We don't mind-actually we like Mr. Obama. We hope he will (win) the
election and I do believe he is like John Kennedy, great man with
great principle, and he has a vision to change America to make it in a
position to lead the world community but not with domination and
arrogance." (Ibid)
-
Why would Hamas support an Obama presidency? The answer may lie in a
group known as the Muslim Brotherhood. -
The Muslim Brotherhood
-
According to former CIA operative Robert Baer, Hamas was an offshoot of
the Egyptian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood (172). Founded in 1928 by
an Egyptian schoolteacher named Hassan al-Banna with the expressed
purpose of purifying Islam, the Muslim Brotherhood is anything but a
benign Muslim organization -
-
According to Baer, the Brotherhood
"is another of the cauldrons from which al Qaeda emerged" (172). -
Khalid
Sheik Mohammed, the architect of the September 11 attacks, joined the
Muslim Brotherhood at the age of sixteen and attended the Brotherhood's
desert youth camps (Mintz and Farah, "In Search of Friends Among
Foes"). -
Ayman Zawahiri, Osama bin Laden's deputy, was a member of the
Muslim Brotherhood's Egyptian branch (ibid). -
According to Seymour
Hersh, the Brotherhood may have even been involved in the September 11
attacks. Hersh states: "Many of the September 11th hijackers had
operated out of cells in Aachen and Hamburg, where Al Qaeda was working
with the Brotherhood" ("The Syrian Bet") -
The Brotherhood's hatred of
the United States was clearly expressed in a 1991 internal memorandum
written by Mohamed Akram for the Shura Council of the Muslim
Brotherhood. -
Entitled "An Explanatory Memorandum on the General
Strategic Goal for the Brotherhood in North America," the document
states that the Brotherhood's activities in the United States
represent:
a kind of grand Jihad in eliminating and destroying the Western
civilization from within and "sabotaging" its miserable house by their
hands and the hands of the believers so that it is eliminated and
God's religion is made victorious over all other religions. (Akram)
-
Akram's memorandum failed to mention the powerful, white,
English-speaking individuals that have given assistance to the
Brotherhood's "grand Jihad." -
Add Sticky NoteThe Muslim Brotherhood is not only a
radical and dangerous party; it is intimately tied to the power elite.- The Muslim Brotherhood and the Western Power Elite - on 2009-01-14
-
This connection probably had its start prior to World War Two when
British travel writer and intelligence agent Freya Stark forged an
alliance between the Brotherhood and British intelligence (Dorril 622). -
Brotherhood collaboration with Western intelligence continued with an
alliance between the Brotherhood and the CIA that began around 1955. -
According to former CIA agent Miles Copeland, it was around this time
that America began looking for the Muslim equivalent of Billy Graham,
hoping to use such a charismatic individual to influence the Arab
world. When this failed, the Agency began forging ties with the Muslim
Brotherhood (Aburish 60-61). -
The connection between the Brotherhood and the power elite is perfectly
illustrated by the party's audience with the Bush Administration. -
On
June 20, 2007, the Bureau of Intelligence and Research at the State
Department hosted a meeting with other intelligence community
representatives to discuss the opening of "more formal channels" to the
Muslim Brotherhood (Lake, "Bush Weighs Reaching Out to 'Brothers'"). -
One of the Brotherhood supporters at the June 20 meeting was Robert
Leiken (ibid). Robert Leiken, a scholar at the Nixon Center, was
commissioned by the National Intelligence Council to put together a
paper on the history of the Muslim Brotherhood earlier in 2007 (ibid). -
According to administration officials, Leiken's paper to the National
Intelligence Council drew the attention of Secretary of State
Condoleezza Rice and senior members of the National Security Council
(ibid). -
George W. Bush even encouraged Tariq al-Hashemi, the leader of
the Iraq branch of the Muslim Brotherhood, to form an alliance to
oppose Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki (Slavin, "Iraqi VP says Bush
wants coalition to counter al-Sadr"). -
After his election victory, Barack Obama promised that change was on
the way. Will that change include an end to Washington's contact with
the Muslim Brotherhood? -
Unfortunately, there is evidence that the
Brotherhood will maintain its audience with Washington circles during
the Obama reign. -
The Democrats' Answer to Grover Norquist
-
When the Obama campaign needed an individual to reach out to the Muslim
community, it turned to Chicago lawyer Mazen Asbahi for help (Simpson
and Chozick, "Obama's Muslim-Outreach Adviser Resigns"). -
-
But Asbahi's
connections to the Muslim Brotherhood did more to raise questions than
it did to bridge gaps. -
By August of 2008, Asbahi had resigned from his
position as volunteer coordinator for Muslim American affairs for the
Obama campaign (ibid). -
Asbahi was the democrats' equivalent of GOP/Bush political operative
Grover Norquist, meant to court Muslim American voters. -
And like
Norquist, Asbahi had several radical associations that raised eyebrows
and set off alarm bells. -
Eight years before taking up the Obama cause,
Asbahi served on the Board of the Allied Asset Advisors (Spencer,
"Obama's Muslim Outreach Problem"). Allied Asset Advisors is a
subsidiary of the North American Islamic Trust (NAIT) (ibid). -
According
to the 1991 internal memorandum authored by Akram for the Muslim
Brotherhood, NAIT is part of the network conducting the Brotherhood's
"grand jihad" ("An Explanatory Memorandum on the General Strategic Goal
for the Brotherhood in North America"). -
NAIT is also connected to the
Holy Land Foundation (HLF), an organization believed to be involved in
the financing of Muslim Brotherhood offshoot Hamas (Josh Gerstein, "US:
Facts Tie Muslim Groups To Hamas Front Case"). -
According to the
prosecutors in the HLF case, NAIT has an "intimate relationship with
the Muslim Brotherhood" (ibid). -
When the Wall Street Journal and other media organs began
raising questions, Asbahi quickly went to work on damage control. -
The
Chicago lawyer claimed he resigned from Allied Asset Advisors' board
immediately after learning about fellow board member Jamal Said's
connection to Hamas (Simpson and Chozick, "Obama's Muslim-Outreach
Adviser Resigns"). However, Asbahi later admitted that his resignation
from the Obama campaign was purely a "strategic decision," suggesting
that the explanation for his involvement in the Allied Asset Advisors
was contrived (Spencer, "Obama's Muslim Outreach Problem"). -
Asbahi's
alibi further disintegrated on September 15, 2008 when the former
Muslim liaison met with members of the Council on American-Islamic
Relations (CAIR) (ibid). -
CAIR's parent organization, the Islamic
Association for Palestine, is named in Akram's Muslim Brotherhood
memorandum as part of the Brotherhood's "grand jihad" network (ibid). -
Asbahi's resignation did not end the Obama campaign's love affair with
the Muslim Brotherhood. Also present at the September 15, 2008 meeting
was Asbahi's replacement as the Obama campaign's Muslim liaison, Minha
Husaini (ibid). -
Rezko, Othman, and Al Taqwa
-
Obama may also connect to the Muslim Brotherhood through his old
Chicago mob friends. Antoin "Tony" Rezko, a Syrian-American political
fundraiser and Chicago real estate developer provides the bridge. -
-
On
June 4, 2008, Rezko was found guilty in federal court on 16 corruption
charges ("Rezko begins serving time immediately"). -
It seems that when
Rezko wasn't busy helping his friends in the Illinois political scene,
such as scandal-embroiled Governor Rod Blagojevich and Obama, he was
knee-deep in a kickback scheme that involved taking bribes from
companies that desired state contracts (ibid). -
Obama owes a lot to his good friend Tony. Rezko began his career as
Obama's political godfather in 1995, when two of his food companies
contributed $2,000 to Obama's campaign (Novak, "Obama and his Rezko
ties"). -
It was the beginning of a beautiful political friendship. Rezko
helped bankroll Obama in five election runs (Fusco, et al., "Obama
explains Rezko relationship to Sun-Times"). -
After some ducking and
weaving, Obama admitted to receiving $250,000 from Rezko's fundraising
efforts (ibid). -
According to the Chicago Sun-Times, this amount was
"about $100,000 more than had previously been disclosed and about five
times more than Obama conveyed during a November 2006
question-and-answer exchange with the Sun-Times" (ibid). -
Standing
behind Rezko is Talat Othman, a leader in the American Muslim community
in Illinois and an extremely successful Arab American businessman. -
It
was Othman who introduced Rezko to former Illinois governor Jim Edgar
and it was Othman who aided Rezko in gaining access to Illinois
political circles (Hanania, "Arabs in Chicago discover political clout
and controversy"). -
Rezko was also recognized as "Entrepreneur of the
Decade" by Othman's Arab-American Business and Professional Association
(ibid). -
Othman has a close relationship with M. Yaqub Mirza, a naturalized
Pakistani businessman and physicist (Trento 336). -
-
Othman and Mirza were
co-chairmen of the Islamic Society of North America 2001 Convention
(336). The two were also involved in Amana Mutual Funds Trust, an
Islamic mutual fund which, according to investigative journalist Joseph
Trento, "specializes in investments that are consonant with Islamic
beliefs" (336). Othman sits on Amana's board and Mirza served as the
mutual fund's chairman (336). -
On March 20, 2002 a U.S. Treasury task force known as Green Quest
raided 14 homes and businesses believed to be involved in terrorism
financing that were affiliated with Mirza (Guidera and Simpson, "Agents
Raid Properties Affiliated with Chairman of Islamic Fund"). -
According
to Guidera and Simpson, the Green Quest investigators were "most
interested in Mr. Mirza's role as an officer in the Saar Foundation, a
nonprofit started in the 1970s by members of the Saudi Arabia's
al-Rajihi family, which has interest in banking, construction, and real
estate" (ibid). -
Stephen Schwartz identifies the Saar Foundation as the
"keystone" to the Mirza-related network ("Wahhabis in the Old
Dominion"). -
The hidden hand of the Muslim Brotherhood can be identified through the
Saar Foundation's connection with a shell company known as Al-Taqwa
(Schwartz, "Wahhabis in the Old Dominion"). -
The Al-Taqwa shell game was
originally based in Switzerland and had as one of its leading figures a
notorious Nazi disciple named Ahmed Huber (ibid). -
It was an extensive
network that included companies based in the Bahamas, Switzerland, and
Liechtenstein (Hosenball, "Attacking the Money Machine"). Al Taqwa even
had a foothold in the United States until after September 11 when its
assets were frozen and its operations were shut down by a U.S.
presidential order ("Wahhabis in the Old Dominion"). -
According to a
Newsweek investigation, the Al Taqwa network "was set up in the 1980s
by prominent members of the Muslim Brotherhood" ("Attacking the Money
Machine"). -
Al-Taqwa' chairman, Youssef Nada, even admitted to being a
member of the Brotherhood for 50 years (ibid). -
Apparently, the Green Quest raids made Othman extremely nervous. Two
weeks after the raids, Othman and several other Muslim activists met
with Secretary of the Treasury Paul O'Neill to protest the raids
(Trento 337). -
-
Was Othman afraid that the investigation would connect
him to the Muslim Brotherhood's plan for a "grand jihad"? -
Four
individuals who were targets of the investigation were affiliated with
Amana, the mutual fund where Othman serves as a trustee (337). -
It is
also interesting to note that another Amana board member, Samir Salah,
is known to have ran a Caribbean branch of the Muslim Brotherhood's
Al-Taqwa network ("Wahhabis in the Old Dominion"). -
When Obama tries to downplay his connections to Rezko, is he merely
trying to conceal his poor judgement in the realm of campaign finance? -
The 44th President may be trying to hide a much more disturbing reality
from the eyes of the public. That reality is the fact that our own
government, in league with the power elite, will continue collaborating
with America's enemies. -
Add Sticky NoteThe "grand Jihad" proclaimed by Akram in his
1991 memorandum does not only constitute the Muslim Brotherhood's
crusade to destroy Western civilization. It also constitutes the power
elites's war on the plebians.- The Power Elite's war on American citizens via radical islam - on 2009-01-14
-
Iran
Obama's Muslim Brotherhood connections may motivate him to go soft on
Hamas when it comes time for him to deal with the current Middle East
crisis. -
If the new administration was too supportive of Israel in its
efforts to end the terrorist attacks, it could potentially alienate its
Muslim Brotherhood connections.Those connections may prove useful when
the new administration unveils its plans for Iran. -
The Muslim Brotherhood is still very close to its Hamas
offshoot. -
According to investigative researcher Webster Tarpley, power in
Washington has shifted away from the neocon "rogue" faction of the
elite to the Trilateral faction that stands behind Obama ("US Policy
Shift On Iran-Iraq Again Shows Brzezinski Rules In Washington"). -
This
faction seeks to redirect the American Empire's hostilities away from
Iran and focus them on Russia and China (ibid). -
Such a plan requires
that Iran be transformed into an asset, which means that Tehran's
efforts to procure nuclear weapons may even be tolerated, so long as
Iran is willing to act as a nuclear proxy of the American Empire
(ibid). -
Iran has long desired to revive the Persian Empire, and
Trilateralists such as Carter's former National Security Advisor
Zbigniew Brzezinski believe that they can insure that a revived Persian
Empire is merely an extension of the American Empire. -
For Obama, diplomacy really
means imperial recruitment. -
The Muslim Brotherhood could provide the
bridge in the recruitment process. -
According to Robert Baer, Iran has
substantial ties with Jordan's branch of the Muslim Brotherhood, known
as the Islamic Action Front (178). -
Hamas, the Muslim Brotherhood
offshoot currently fighting with Israel, is also extremely close to
Iran. -
Iran first began establishing contact with Hamas in 1992, when
Israel expelled 415 members of Hamas's leadership as punishment for
their involvement in the first intifada, which was a Palestinian
uprising against Israeli rule (172). -
When the exiled leaders crossed
the border into Jordan, they found Hezbollah, a Shi'a paramilitary
organization that acts as Iran's Lebanese proxy, waiting for them with
open arms (172). -
Hezbollah provided the Hamas leaders with tents,
clothes, and food (172-173). A few days later, an Iranian Revolutionary
Guard officer also arrived on the scene to provide assistance to the
Hamas leaders (173). -
Without a doubt, the Muslim Brotherhood and Iran
are becoming extremely close as Iran attempts to co-opt every major
movement and political party in the region as part of its bid for
empire. -
The Obama administration may wish to use its connection to the Muslim
Brotherhood as a means of establishing diplomatic channels with Iran.
But that means the new President may not be as supportive of Israel in
its struggle with Hamas. -
Obama may even pressure Israel to come to the
table of diplomacy and establish yet another truce with Hamas. -
The 1988
Hamas Covenant, however, painfully illustrates why peace overtures on
Israel's part would be an act of folly. -
Article seven of the covenant
states:
"The Day of Judgement will not come about until Moslems fight the Jews
(killing the Jews), when the Jew will hide behind stones and trees.
The stones and trees will say O Moslems, O Abdulla, there is a Jew
behind me, come and kill him. Only the Gharkad tree, (evidently a
certain kind of tree) would not do that because it is one of the trees
of the Jews." ("Hamas Covenant 1988")
-
Article 28 reiterates the document's anti-Jewish theme when it states:
"Israel, Judaism, and Jews challenge Islam and Muslim people. 'May the
cowards never sleep.'" ("Hamas Covenant 1988"). -
Obviously, the idea of
Israel establishing a truce with a group that adheres to such ideas is
unthinkable. -
It would merely give Hamas an opportunity to lick its
wounds and continue to prepare for the day when it hopes to finally
wipe Israel from the face of the earth. -
These authors believe that history will characterize the Obama
administration's attempts at diplomacy with Iran as a lost opportunity.
Iran has been a hotbed of radicalism ever since the 1979 Iranian
Revolution. -
Instead of facilitating Iran's departure from radicalism,
Obama and his puppeteers will work to turn the radicals against the
American Empire's competitors, such as Russia and China. -
A chance to
move Iran in a moderate direction will slip away as Obama and his
Establishment handlers try to employ the country as an asset in their
fight for dominance in the New World Order. In the process, Obama will
help expedite the Brotherhood's "grand Jihad."
-
NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Aras River
www.nationmaster.com/...Aras-River - Preview
aras-river armenia pishon mountains iran turkey asia-minor wine-making russia azerbaijan eden genesis creation noah post-flood
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Aras River
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- 32 more annotations...
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Mouth Kura river -
Basin countries Turkey, Armenia, Iran, Azerbaijan -
Length 1,072 kilometers (665 miles) -
The Aras (also known as Araks, Arax, Araxi, Araxes, Araz, or Yeraskh; Armenian: <!--google_ad_section_end--><!-- google_ad_region_end=first_para -->Արաքս, Persian: ارس, Turkish: Aras, Azerbaijani: Araz, Kurdish: Aras or Araz; Russian: Аракс) is a river located in and along the countries of Turkey, Armenia, Iran, and Azerbaijan.
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Its total length is 1,072 kilometers (665 miles). Given its length and a basin that covers an area of 102,000 km², it is one of the largest rivers of the Caucasus.
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Description
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The Aras River rises near Erzurum, Turkey. It meets with the Akhurian River southeast of Digor, flows along the Turkish-Armenian border, and then near a corridor that connects Turkey to Azerbaijan's Nakhichevan exclave (and by extension Azerbaijan itself).
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It then flows along the Iranian-Nakhichevan and the Iranian-Armenian border.
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The river then flows along the border between Iran and mainland Azerbaijan and then rises into Azerbaijan to meet with the Kura River at the village of Sabirabad.
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It then directly flows into the Caspian Sea.
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The Zangmar, Sariso, Ghotour River, Hajilar River, Kalibar River, Ilghena River, Darreh River and Balha River are the major tributaries of the Aras from the south (right).
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In Turkey the Ghareso river flows in on the left side.
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The Khachin River, Okhchi River, Kuri River and Kandlan River flow in from the Azerbaijan north side (left).[1]
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History
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The name was later Hellenized to Araxes and was applied to the Kura-Araxes culture, a prehistoric people which flourished in the valleys of the Kura and Aras.
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But many times it is the Volga River which is called Araxes especially in Herodotus' History first chapter - The First of Book the Histories, Called Clio.
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In modern history, the Aras gained significance as a geographic political boundary.
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Under the terms of the Treaty of Gulistan and the Treaty of Turkmenchay, the river was chosen as the border limit between the Russian and Persian Empires.
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Iran and the Soviet Union later built a joint dam on the Aras at Poldasht area.
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- The river appears in the lyrics of the System of a Down song Holy Mountains.
In popular culture
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Footnotes
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Calumet, A. D. 1672-1757, Rosebmuller, 1768-1835, Kell, 1807-1888, and some other scholars believed the source river [for Eden] was a region of springs.
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The Pishon and Gihon were mountain streams. The former may have been the Phasis or Araxes, and the latter the Oxus." Duncan, George S. (October 1929) "The Birthplace of Man" The Scientific Monthly 29(4): pp. 359-362, p. 360
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Results from FactBites:
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Aras River with 1072 km long begins from east of Turkey then it goes between Iran, Armenia and Azerbaijan.
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Aras goes from west to east and has different wide in different places.
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Before 1828 Aras was belong to Iran but after that it be the frontier between Iran and Russia.
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