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18 Oct 09
The Real Story of Nazi Egyptology | Heritage Key
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owen-jarus germany nazi-germany egyptology hitler universities national-socialism learning archaeology professors aryan science art
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The Real Story of Nazi Egyptology
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Submitted by owenjarus on Tue, 09/01/2009 - 12:52
- 97 more annotations...
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Thomas Schneider is exploring a subject that has never been studied before.
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The University of British Columbia professor is examining the history of German Egyptology during the Nazi era. The period that lasted from when Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933 - until he committed suicide in his bunker in 1945.
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The research is a work in progress and Professor Schneider continues to receive new archival documents and information. He plans to turn his work into a book length manuscript.
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While popular fiction, such as the Indiana Jones trilogy, depicts action packed films about this topic, the real story is far more complex.
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Professor Schneider generously took the time to talk about his research with me. He also provided me with detailed written notes, that outline his research, to help me write this story.
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Hitler Comes to Power
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In January 1933, Adolf Hitler, head of the far-right National Socialist (Nazi) party, was sworn in as Chancellor.
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Over the next few years he and the Nazi party would gain control over Germany’s institutions and levers of power, allowing Hitler to govern as a de-facto tyrant.
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One of those institutions was the universities which, before the rise of the Nazis, had enjoyed a level of autonomy.
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A tradition established in the 19th century saw the state as a “benevolent patron” for academic life. With Hitler in power, that quickly changed.
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Professor Thomas Schneider. Published on University of British Columbia website -
Add Sticky Note“Since its inception, National Socialism strove for implementing a new system of education in agreement with its doctrine across the country's institutions of learning,” Professor Schneider wrote.
- Sounds very current in modern day USA - on 2009-10-18
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“This policy was meant to be applied in a particularly stringent way to the institutions of higher learning which were seen as the potential spearheads of the new nation but also feared for their intellectual independence and power.”
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Before Hitler’s rise to power Germany was a respected centre of Egyptology. The foreign affairs ministry financed an archaeological institute in Cairo that was used as a base to conduct scientific research.
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The country’s scholars had made important contributions. To name a few examples, Adolf Erman helped unravel the grammar of Egyptian writing.Ludwig Borchardt uncovered the bust of Nefertiti and Heinrich Schäfer broke new ground in the understanding of Egyptian art.
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Professor Schneider pointed out that, in this pre-Nazi era, many American Egyptologists received their training in Germany, including James Henry Breasted (who, ironically, some regard as an inspiration for the Indiana Jones character).
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A Changing Situation
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Professor Schneider urged me to get an important point out in this story:
You need to “warn the public against believing the discipline during the Nazi period was uniform,” he said.
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“You’re dealing with a number of individuals, a number of professors,” he said, adding that the situation also changed depending on the year and the institution.
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Photo from wikimedia, in public domain. Before the rise of the Nazis, Egypt was a respected centre of Egyptology. James Henry Breasted, pictured here, got his PhD from the University of Berlin. -
As I listened to the professor, and read his notes, I came to understand his viewpoint. The people involved in Egyptology, during this time, reacted to Nazism and its belief in the supremacy of an “Aryan race,” quite differently.
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There is only a small cast of characters involved. Egyptology, in Nazi Germany, was a relatively small discipline. In 1945 there were only six chairs dedicated to the subject in the Reich with further positions as junior professors or museum staff. “The people they knew each other,” said Schneider.
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Egyptology Challenged
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In 1935, Helmut Berve, a professor of ancient history at the University of Leipzig and a dedicated Nazi, questioned Egyptology’s right to exist as a discipline.
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He wrote:
The study of the Ancient Near East as far as it relates to peoples of a foreign race, of a nature alien to us and thus impossible to comprehend fully in its peculiarity, is doomed to resignation as soon as the problems exceed what can be established rationally.
Therefore, it fails with regard to the new claim of values and losses its right to exist (...). Where the threshold of deeper questioning has been tred upon – as in Egyptology –, serious decisions have now to be taken.
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Photo in public domain. Source United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. May 10, 1933, SA members and university students march in a torchlight procession around the bonfire of "un-German" books on the Opernplatz. In this environment Egyptology's right to exist was questioned. -
He expected that.
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Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Germany will automatically focus on the peoples akin to us in terms of race and mind; Egyptology and Assyriology will recede into the background.
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Schneider writes, “Berve pleaded for a national history both committed to and committing German nationhood ('volksverbunden und volksverbindlich') and tied the possibility of historical understanding to race ideology.”
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Pharaoh as Fuhrer
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Walther Wolf was an Egyptologist at Leipzig who had pro-Nazi leanings.
He is known for lecturing while wearing a SA uniform.
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The SA was a pro-Nazi organization that sprang up in the 1920’s. They were the main force in Hitler’s unsuccessful coup attempt in 1923.
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In 1937 Wolf authored a defence of Egyptology as a discipline “Wesen und Wert der Ägyptologie.”
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Professor Schneider writes that Wolf’s defence, “unveils the distinct will to align his discipline with the doctrinal requirements of the new ideology. It postulates for Ancient Egypt a predominant significance of the racial collective ("Volksgemeinschaft") which Wolf believes to have been essential for the shaping of Egyptian culture (kulturprägend) and which he said was owed to "soil and blood" (Boden und Blut).”
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Adding, “Wolf construes pharaoh as the realizer of forces lying dormant in the national collective and waiting to be set free.”
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If these ideas sound familiar, they should, this leadership model for pharaoh is very similar to that which Hitler used for himself.
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Wolf viewed Akhenaten to be a poor pharaoh because he 'Did not uncover ideas that were lying dormant in the depth of their Volkstum, and fight for their full potential of development.'
“This is clearly worded on the template of the role assigned to Hitler,” wrote Schneider.
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The Anti-Nazi League
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As Wolf attempted to twist Ancient Egypt into something the Nazis could agree with, a prominent Egyptologist stood up against this. Alexander Scharff held an Egyptology chair at the University of Munich. He was strongly anti-Nazi and in 1938 authored a piece that dismissed Wolf’s attempt to see Egyptology through the lens of Nazism.
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Said Scharff of Wolf’s work:
In it the attempt is made to understand the Egyptian culture from a new angle of view which is apparently rooted in National Socialistic ideology (...). Such slogans of today which may have a predominant significance in other areas, are of little use with regard to Ancient Egypt.
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There is no question of "race" being a factor in the formation of Ancient Egypt (...). It seems to me that a political event, and be it of the scale of the German revolution of 1933, cannot at this moment transform our understanding of a past civilization to the extent the author would like to make us believe with his treatise which to all appearances is meant to be programmatic. Academic arguing has always proceeded with measured steps, without being tied to particular dates.
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Professor Schneider told me that despite Scharff’s anti-Nazi leanings he managed to keep his job until the end of the war.
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George Steindorff was a prominent Egyptology Professor at Leipzig. He was also Jewish. He edited the journal Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache and was in charge of other editorial projects.
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In a 1935 letter to Adolf Erman, he lamented what was happening in Germany. He wrote-
The Nuremberg legislation has completely paralyzed us and cut our thread of life, it has annihilated our zest of life and my zest of work (...). I was always proud to be able to say "civis Germanus sum", and cannot bear it to be locked up in a ghetto.
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We are likely to spend the few years that fate grants us with wandering all over the world, deprived of our homeland. In the place where I worked honestly for more than 40 years and where I was conferred all honours, I don't want to and cannot stay any longer.
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Facing a Concentration Camp
Photo in public domain. Source United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Goebbels speaks at a book burning in May 1933. His propaganda ministry would force George Steindorff out of his job and eventually, out of Germany. -
No power of the world will (make) me take my pride; I don't want to be pitied, rather I pity the other. But there is one thing I have learnt in these days (...): to hate.
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Professor Schneider said that it appears as if the Ministry of Propaganda found it intolerable that a Jew have these editorial responsibilities and pressured Steindorff heavily to quit.
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“There was a directive from Berlin that Steindorff could no longer be the protagonist of those publishing projects in Germany, those should go to a Nazi official.”
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Steindorff was forced to quit the journal in 1937 and in 1939 left for the United States.
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Walther Wolf, the SA uniform wearing Egyptologist mentioned earlier, was his replacement. Schneider believes it’s probable that Joseph Goebbels himself made the decision to force Steindorff out.
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In 1938 Steindorff was in a desperate situation and was saved by an Egyptology colleague Dr. Hans Bonnet.
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Steindorff wrote in 1945, after he was safely in the United States that,
During my darkest days at Leipzig, some weeks after the pogrom of November, 1938, he came to our house in Leipzig and invited me and my wife to go with him and find asylum in his house at Bonn, though to give us sanctuary might well have resulted in his confinement in a concentration camp.
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A Base in Egypt
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When the Nazis took over Germany they inherited the Cairo office of the German Archaeological Institute.
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In other countries a special SS unit, the Ahnenerbe, was used to conduct archaeological research. Professor Schneider explained to me that the SS left Egypt alone and archaeological work was done by the institute`s Cairo office.
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The Cairo office operated until the war started in 1939. During that time Professor Schneider believes that the Nazis used it as a base to advance their interests in the Middle East.
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It was “a local outpost that could be instrumentalized for the government,” he told me. Germany had a number of interests in the area, including talking to Arab leaders who opposed Jewish settlement in Israel.
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The head of the institute, after the Nazis came to power, was Hermann Junker. He was an established Egyptologist. During the time of Nazi rule he conducted digs in the Cairo-Memphis area and Nubia. But, he spent the bulk of his energy excavating at the Great Pyramids at Giza.
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He was, “deeply involved in national socialism and a member of the NSDAP and other Nazi organizations during the war,” said Schneider.
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I asked Professor Schneider whether the Nazis got involved in his fieldwork, directing him to excavate at the Great Pyramids or telling him to look for certain artefacts.
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Schneider said that he has found no evidence of that kind of control. He believes that, when it came to excavations, Hitler’s government let Junker pursue his own agenda.
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The details on what the institute was being used for are still being researched. But there is evidence that is was used for more than archaeology.
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In June 1945 George Steindorff, now living in the United States, wrote a letter to John Wilson, a professor at the Oriental Institute in Chicago. In the letter he discussed the involvement of different German Egyptologists with Nazism.
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He wrote about Junker that,
It is very difficult to describe the character of this man because he has none. I have heard that it was rumored in England that Junker acted as a spy in Egypt. I do not believe it. He was too clever to compromise himself by such activity. He played safe.
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However, he used his position and the State Institute to promote Nazi propaganda. The Institute was always available for Nazi meetings, Junker's house was always open to Nazi guests, chiefly Austrian. Every Nazi found a cordial reception in the German Institute in Cairo. I appreciate Junker as a scholar of the first order. More than that, I am sorry I cannot say. At best, his actions and opinions have always been ambiguous.
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The Göttingen Manifesto
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Hermann Kees was a professor of Egyptology at the University of Göttingen.
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According to Schneider’s research he was president of an extreme right-wing group Deutschnationale Volkspartei and played an indirect role in driving Albert Einstein out of Germany.
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He was, “instrumental in the expulsion of Jewish faculty in 1934, after the laws for the restitution of the Civil Order were put into force,” Schneider wrote.
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In 1934, after the death of German president Paul von Hindenberg, Hitler implemented a series of laws that barred Jews, and people opposed to Nazism, from serving in government positions.
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Albert Einstein (then based in Berlin) and his colleage at Göttingen, Nobel Laureate James Frankh, both resigned in protest. They were hoping that other professors would resign in solidarity.
That didn’t happen.
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Fourty-two professors at Göttingen published a manifesto condemning Frankh's resignation and calling for a faster implementation of the "necessary measures of purging."
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“This happened fast,” wrote Schneider. “One day after the publication of the manifesto, the first six Jewish professors were relieved of their duties. The man who initiated the manifesto and the expulsion of Jewish faculty was Hermann Kees.”
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Einstein’s and Frankh's hope had failed at Göttingen.
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Kees certainly didn’t hide his far-right views. On Akhenaten he wrote,
One is certainly wrong to portray Amenophis IV as a gushing idealist who wished to turn the world's quarrels to eternal peace by the gracious sermon of human reconciliation and who therefore declined any warfare abroad.
To be a great reformer, he lacked the creative force to anticipate, in the way of a seer, issues that were fermenting and wanted to take shape, and to shape them, and not the least did his personality lack authoritative charisma, carrying the stigma of repulsive ugliness.
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He himself possessed too many traits that were contrary to the Ancient Egyptian ideal of a master race; he was licentious, effusive, led by emotions, morally debauched and obstinate.
Courtesy German Federal Archive and wikimedia. Photo of a model of "Germania" Hitler's revamped Berlin. It would have included a museum where Nefertiti's bust was close to Hitler's. -
Hitler’s Own Views
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Hitler’s own personal views on Egyptology remain something of a mystery. Professor Schneider said that more archival research needs to be done to determine this
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He does appear to have had an interest in Egyptian Art.
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Professor Schneider sent me an intriguing photo, dating to February 1939. It shows the opening of an Ancient Egyptian Art exhibition in Berlin. Sitting on the front row is Hitler himself.
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Unfortunately I cannot post this photo on the web since the copyright is still valid and is held by a photography firm.
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Schneider points out that Hitler was particularly interested in the bust of Nefertiti and vetoed its return to Cairo.
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Hitler was planning to build a new museum in “Germania,” (his name for what would have been the transformed city of Berlin). According to Professor Schneider’s research the bust of Nefertiti would have been close to that of Hitler himself.
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A Turning Point in Egyptology
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It’s difficult to gauge the full impact that the events of 1933-1945 had on German Egyptology. But certainly the impact was negative.
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“This was, what I think, a decisive turning point in the international history of Egyptology,” Said Professor Schneider.
“Germany lost its status and it has to struggle for many decades after the war until it again became recognized and appreciated (in) the discipline,” he said adding, “Germany had basically sacrificed, through the NS regime, its academic standing.”
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The loss of people such as Steindorff, hindered the country’s knowledge base.
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“They came not only from Egyptology but dozens of other disciplines, they established their fields of knowledge abroad, above all in the United States, and had they been given a perspective in a Germany without National Socialism they possibly would have stayed there.
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And many important strands of thinking or pools would have developed in Germany that now developed in the States,” said Professor Schneider.
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“(The) people who stayed in Germany, or younger generations, as a direct consequence were different people than those who would have lived and had a career in (a) Germany without the Nazis,” he said.
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“It is difficult to say how the discipline would look today without National Socialism but we can very certainly say that Germany would have a different standing today.”
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The German Archaeological Institute in Cairo did eventually reopen after the way and today Germany is again a centre of Egyptological research.
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Herman Kees and Walther Wolf were both removed from their positions after the war. Although in 1963 Wolf did get a professorship at the University of Münster. Kees notes were confiscated as part of de-nazification efforts something which hindered his writing efforts.
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Years after the war Hermann Junker, while writing his memoirs, would choose to not write about the time of Nazi rule. Only saying that, “this was a dark time.”
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Owen JarusOwen Jarus is a freelance writer based in Toronto ,Canada. He has written articles on archaeology for a variety of media outlets including The Canadian Press newswire (CP), U of T Magazine, The Mississauga News and The Guelph Mercury. Education: BA from the University of Toronto in History, Geography and Near & Middle Eastern Civilizations. BJourn in Journalism from Ryerson University.
Last three pieces by this author: The Egyptian Pharoah Who Helped Win a Nobel Prize, 2,000 year old, Ten Commandments scroll image now on Heritage Key, Interview: Jean-Francois Millaire on Exploring Gallinazo Group
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05 Oct 09
Sims-Williams --- Bactrian
www.gengo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/...bactrian.html - Preview
ancient-afghanistan bactria bactrian-language afghanistan persian white-huns turks arabs pashtoon language greek sogdiana india aryan indo-aryan
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A crucial moment in the history of this language was the decision
of the Kushan ruler Kanishka to adopt Bactrian
as the language of his coinage. -
After the first issues of Kanishka, Greek
disappears from the coinage once and for all, to be replaced by Bactrian. - 99 more annotations...
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As the language
of the Kushan kings, Bactrian must have been widely known throughout a great
empire, in Afghanistan, Northern India and part of Central Asia. -
During the first centuries of the Christian era, Bactrian could legitimately
have been ranked amongst the world's most important languages. -
Even after
the collapse of the Kushan empire, Bactrian continued in use for at
least six centuries,
as is shown by the ninth-century inscriptions from the Tochi valley in Pakistan
[Slide 1 9KB] and the remnants of Buddhist and Manichean manuscripts
found as far away as the Turfan oasis in western
China. -
The career of Bactrian as a language
of culture thus lasted for close to a thousand years. -
Until forty years ago virtually nothing was known of the Bactrian
language except for the legends on the coins of the Kushans and their successors. -
The Kushan coins are inscribed in Greek letters of an angular type, apparently
imitating a style of writing used for monumental inscriptions. In principle
these legends are not particularly difficult to read, but their content
is limited to the names and titles of kings and deities. -
The coins of the
later rulers of Bactria --- Kushano-Sasanians,
Kidarites, Hephthalites,
Turks, and so on --- are written in a cursive
script, imitating manuscript styles, which has proved much more difficult
to decipher. Some tiny scraps of manuscripts in a similar cursive script
were also known, but they were too few and too incomplete to offer any realistic
prospect of interpretation. -
These prospects were transformed in 1957 by the discovery at Surkh Kotal near Baghlan
of the first substantial Bactrian inscription -
The
text, written in the monumental script already known from the Kushan coins,
could be read without much difficulty; its interpretation was much more
problematic, since the names and titles known from the coins provided only
a minimal vocabulary and hardly a hint of the grammatical structure of the
language. -
Nevertheless, the essential points were immediately recognized
by W. B. Henning: the text refers to the foundation
of a sanctuary by the emperor Kanishka, its abandonment as a result of problems
with the water-supply, and its re-establishment by a high official named
Nukunzuk in the year 31 of the era of Kanishka,
that is, early in the reign of his successor Huvishka. -
Several further Bactrian inscriptions have been discovered since that
of Surkh Kotal, but most of them are too poorly preserved to add significantly
to our knowledge of the language. However, in 1993 a new inscription of
fundamental importance was discovered by chance at a site named Rabatak,
not far from Surkh Kotal [Slide 4 18KB].
The inscription
of Rabatak describes events of the first year of Kanishka in words strikingly
reminiscent of those of Darius the Great in
the inscription of Bisitun. -
The opening lines refer to Kanishka as "the great salvation,
the righteous, just autocrat, worthy of divine worship, who has obtained
the kingship from Nana and from all the gods,
who has inaugurated the year one as the gods pleased". -
Then comes the
significant statement: "He issued(?) an edict(?) in Greek and then
he put it into the Aryan language". -
In principle, any of the Indo-European
languages of Iran or India could be called "Aryan"; but when Kanishka
refers to "the Aryan language" he surely means Bactrian, the language
of this inscription, just as Darius meant Old Persian, the language of his
inscription, when he wrote: "By the grace of Auramazda, I made another
text in Aryan, which previously did not exist". -
It is difficult not
to associate Kanishka's emphasis here on the use of the "Aryan language"
with the replacement of Greek by Bactrian on his coinage. The numismatic
evidence shows that this must have taken place very early in Kanishka's
reign, quite possibly in his very first year. -
Lines 4-7 of the Rabatak inscription give a list of the chief cities
of north India which were controlled by Kanishka. Four of the five names
can be identified: Saketa, Kausambi,
Pataliputra, and Champa.
[Slide 5 12KB] The wording of the inscription does not make it
clear whether Champa is mentioned as belonging to the area ruled by Kanishka
or as the first city beyond his eastern border. Even in the latter case,
the statement that he ruled northern India as far as Pataliputra is sufficiently
striking. -
The major part of the inscription concerns the foundation of a temple,
perhaps at Rabatak itself, which seems to have been an extensive site. Lines
9 and 10 name the divinities who are to be worshipped in the temple. -
This
list is very intriguing. On the one hand it includes two Zoroastrian deities
who are never portrayed on the Kushan coinage. On the other hand, it omits
many names which are well attested on these same coins, such as Ma,
the moon, and Ardukhsh,
the goddess of plenty. Above the list of Iranian divinities
some words have been added in smaller letters [Slide
6 22KB],
which seem to identify some or all of them with Indian equivalents such
as Mahasena and Visakha. -
Apparently the temple was intended to contain statues of kings as
well as gods. Kanishka lists four kings: Kujula Kadphises
his great- grandfather, Vima Taktu his grandfather,
Vima Kadphises his father, and himself, Kanishka.
This list is extremely informative. In the first place,
it bears witness to the existence of two kings named
Vima, rather than one. Several inscriptions previously attributed to Vima
Kadphises, notably the Bactrian inscription of Dasht-e
Nawur [Slide 7 9KB], can now be ascribed to his father Vima Taktu. -
In all probability the coins of the anonymous king Soter
Megas "the great saviour", which come between Kujula and
Vima Kadphises in the numismatic sequence, should also be attributed to
this newly-discovered Vima the First. -
Moreover, the indication that Kujula
Kadphises was the great-grandfather of Kanishka evidently has a bearing
on the oft-debated issue of the date of Kanishka. The fact that Kanishka
belongs to the third generation after Kujula clearly imposes certain limits
on the manner in which the early chronology of the Kushans may be reconstructed.
Although I would not go so far as to say that the new facts are only compatible
with a single chronological system, it is clear that the solutions previously
proposed will now have to be reconsidered. -
Lines 14-17 mention the officials charged with executing the orders
of Kanishka. Amongst them is a certain Nukunzuk who is probably the same
person who was later responsible for the works described in the Surkh Kotal
inscription. At Rabatak, 30 years earlier, he does not yet bear the title
karalrang "margrave" and seems to occupy a subordinate
position. -
The last part of the inscription in which a continuous text can
be read contains a wish for Kanishka's health and happiness and perhaps
also --- if my reading is correct --- expresses the hope that his reign
may last for a thousand years. -
It goes without saying that neither the reign of Kanishka nor that
of the Kushan dynasty approached 1000 years. In about 2Z4 A.D. the Sasanians came to power in Iran [Slide
8 9KB].
Within
a few years the Sasanians had also conquered Bactria, which they ruled during
part of the following period through a viceroy known as the Kushan-shah
'king of the Kushans", who was often a prince of the Sasanian royal
family. -
Add Sticky NoteSubsequently Bactria was invaded several times by nomads from the
north. At different times the invaders are referred to under various names
--- Chionites, Kidarite
Huns, Hephthalites --- though it is
not entirely clear whether all these names refer to the same or to different
peoples.- The invading "Hephthalites" are known elsewhere as the "White Huns." - on 2009-10-05
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The next arrivals were the Turks,
who in the middle of the sixth century allied themselves with the Sasanians
to defeat the Hephthalites; and then finally all the local dynasties were
swept aside by the coming of Islam and the Arabs. -
The history of the period from the Sasanian Kushan-shahs to the arrival
of the Arabs is illustrated by a second discovery. In December 1991, I was
shown photographs of a newly discovered Bactrian document on leather. The
document was inscribed on both sides with 28 lines in cursive
Bactrian script, making it by far the most substantial example of
cursive Bactrian so far known [Slide 9 12KB]. -
The document was
clearly a letter, beginning with conventional phrases of address and greeting
almost identical to those used in Sogdian letters: "To your lordship
1,000 and 10,000 times greeting and homage from so-and-so your servant.
Having heard that your lordship is healthy I am happy; but I should be still
happier if I myself might see your lordship in good health and pay homage
...". To judge by personal names such as Ohrmuzd
and Khwasraw, the document belonged to the
Sasanian period. -
Another striking name was Purlang-zin, evidently
meaning "the man with the panther's skin" --- a clear reference
to the zin-e palang of Rustam, one of
the heroes of the Persian epic. -
One such document was a revelation in itself. But it was as nothing
compared to what was to come. -
Within five years the corpus of Bactrian documents
had grown to a hundred, most of which are now in London, in the collection
of Dr David Khalili. These documents have passed
through the hands of many different dealers and collectors. In most cases
there is no record of their original provenance, though a couple of them
are said, quite plausibly, to have been found in Samingan.
From internal evidence, especially the recurrence of the same names in several
documents, it seems clear that most if not all of them ultimately derive
from a single source. -
Many of
the documents are letters, some of them still sealed and therefore perfectly
preserved. -
a letter sealed with a clay bulla, with
a few words of address written on the outside; -
the same
letter after opening, from which you can see the standard layout of the
text, with a wide left-hand margin, and the way the seal is attached to
a strip of leather cut along the bottom edge of the letter without being
completely detached from it. -
This
letter can hardly be later than the latter half of the fourth century, when
the rule of the Kushan-shahs came to an end. The Kushan-shah here seems
to be named as Warahran, though the reading
of the name is not quite clear -
One of the less well-preserved letters is particularly interesting
because it mentions a Kushan-shah -
Since Warahran
(or Bahram) was the name of the last Kushan-shah
--- or the last
two Kushan-shahs --- known from the coins, the letter probably belongs to
the very end of the Kushano-Sasanian period. The sender of the letter was
the daughter of a princess named Dukht-anosh,
a Middle Persian name which is attested on a seal in Paris. -
The contents
are not yet clear, but concern a eunuch with the remarkable name Dathsh-mareg
"servant of the Creator" --- a compound of the Bactrian mareg
"servant" and the Avestan genitive dathusho "of the
Creator", which was probably used in the Zoroastrian calendar of Bactria
to refer to a day dedicated to the Creator. -
a representative of the Shahan-shah or "king of kings", the ruler
of Iran, -
It seems very likely that the era used here is the same as that of
the Bactrian inscriptions of the Tochi valley
in Pakistan -
These
inscriptions, written in Arabic, Sanskrit, and Bactrian, contain dates expressed
in three different eras. The vital evidence for determining the starting-point
of the Bactrian era is provided by two bilingual inscriptions, the first
being in Arabic and Sanskrit -
The Arabic text
is naturally dated by means of the Hijri calendar, which is blessedly unambiguous
and enables one to complete the date of the Sanskrit version, which is expressed
in an abbreviated form omitting the thousands and hundreds. The second bilingual
is in Sanskrit and Bactrian. Again the Sanskrit date is abbreviated; but,
if one assumes that this inscription belongs to the same century as the
Arabic-Sanskrit bilingual, the missing figures can be reconstructed, giving
a date which can be computed as 863 A.D. -
The
Bactrian version is dated with Greek numerals. Helmut
Humbach, the first editor of the Bactrian texts, read these numerals
as 632. On the basis of newly-discovered materials I would interpret the
last digit as 1 rather than 2, but a difference of one year is of minor
significance. In either case, the Bactrian date indicates the existence
of an era beginning early in the Sasanian period, in 232 (according to Humbach)
or 233 A.D. (accord to me). I am inclined to
follow Humbach in regarding this as a "Kushano-Sasanian"
era, whose starting-point was probably the Sasanian conquest of the
Kushan empire. -
Let us return to the Bactrian letter, whose date can be read as 239.
If this era began in 233 A.D., the year 239 will correspond to 471 A.D.,
during the rule of Peroz, who spent much of
his reign fighting the Hephthalites and who eventually perished in battle
against them. -
Is it a coincidence that the word preceding the title Shahan-shah
in the letter is in fact Piroz? Unfortunately the Middle Persian
word peroz is not only a personal name but also a common adjective
meaning "victorious", so that it is difficult to decide whether
one should translate "Peroz, the king of kings" or merely "the
victorious king of kings". -
Only two of the newly-discovered Bactrian documents seem to be religious
in inspiration. Both of them are Buddhist texts containing invocations to
Buddhas, bodhisattvas, and so on. -
Unusually, it is written on cloth rather than
leather. As you see, it is illustrated with two drawings, perhaps representing
a Buddha and an ascetic. The text begins with homage to "all the Buddhas"
and to five or six named Buddhas ending with the historical Buddha
Shakyamuni. Then homage is paid to a series of six Bodhisattvas,
followed by the kings of the yakshas, rakshasas, kinnaras,
nagas, pishacas,
etc. and finally Shakra, the king of the gods,
and the "great Brahma". -
I have not
succeeded in deciphering all the names, but the outline of the text is quite
clear up to this point. The last three lines are more obscure, but contain
a reference to a Buddhist monastery (vihara} and a temple. -
I suppose it
to be a kind of votive offering, which would have been tied to a pole like
a banner and fixed in a holy place, or perhaps an amulet. -
One particularly interesting document ---
in fact the earliest of the dated documents --- is
a marriage contract, in which one woman engages
herself to marry two brothers at the same time -
After the letters, the largest group of texts consists of legal contracts
and similar documents: deeds of sale, leases, guarantees, receipts, and
deeds of gift. -
The practice of polyandry, discussed by Prof.
Enoki Kazuo in his well-known article "On
the nationality of the
Hephthalites"
and here confirmed by first-hand evidence, was apparently typical of the
region. -
Another unusual document [Slide 19 20KB], which now
belongs to the Institute of Silk-Road Studies here in Kamakura, is a deed of manumission, recording the freeing of a
slave in return for the purchase of a substitute. -
So far I know of more than twenty documents with dates
ranging from 110 to 549, that is (if we assume that the Bactrian era began
in 233 A.D.), from 342 to 781 A.D. This span of more than four centuries
covers the Chionite, Kidarite, Hephthalite, and Turkish periods, and extends
well into Islamic times. -
For example, the next slide [Slide 20 12KB]
shows a contract
for the sale of land dated in the year 295,
which I interpret as 527 A.D., during the period of Hephthalite domination.
This agrees well with the statement of the text that the "Hephthalite
tax" due on the property has been paid. The format of the document
is typical, though this example is exceptionally well preserved. -
There are
two complete copies of the text. One copy is left open to be read. The other
is
tightly
rolled, tied with string, and sealed with five bullae. The first two bear
impressions of the fingernails of the vendors; the others are impressed
with the seals of three witnesses. -
Presumably it was intended that the sealed
copy should be opened in the presence of a judge in case of a dispute. On
the reverse of the document [Slide 21 5KB], the names
of the vendors and witnesses are written beside the holes for the seal-strings. -
Several
documents state that they were written in Samingan,
Rob (modern Ruy),
Malr or Madr,
or Kah (modern Kah-mard).
All four places are apparently within the jurisdiction of a ruler who is
referred to in many documents as "the khar
of Rob". -
In addition to dates, many of these legal documents contain place-names,
including the names of the places where they were written -
On the other hand, Tarmid (or
Termez), to the north of the Oxus,
and Bamiyan, which is separated from Kah and
Madr by a considerable ridge of mountains, may well have been outside his
kingdom. -
The khar of Rob is no doubt to be identified with the Ru'b-khan, the ruler of Ru'b
and Siminjan, who helped Qutayba
b. Muslim to defeat the Hephthalite rebel Nezak
Tarkhan in the year 91 of the Hijra (710 A.D.), as mentioned by the
historian Tabari. -
The true Bactrian form may be sher, which is mentioned by Muslim
writers as the title of the rulers of Bamiyan,
Gharchistan, and other places in the area around
ancient Bactria. -
I suspect that the title khar is an Iranian --- but not necessarily
Bactrian --- dialect form derived from Old Iranian *xshathriya- "ruler" -
The ruler of Rob may at times have controlled a wider area
than is indicated by the place-names mentioned so far. For instance, in
a letter which probably dates from about 480, the khar of Rob is
addressed, somewhat bombastically, as the "Hephthalite yabghu, ...
scribe of the Hephthalite lords, and judge of Tukharistan and Gharchistan". -
Tukharistan is the land to the north of the
Hindu-kush, including Rob and Samingan, but covering a considerably wider
area; Gharchistan usually refers to the mountainous area to the west of
Bamiyan, but since the Bactrian form of the name indicates that it means
merely "the land of the mountaineers" it is possible that
it refers more generally to the mountain areas to the south of Tukharistan. -
Yet another document is written in a place named Warnu.
-
This is surely to be identified with the Aornos;
mentioned by Arrian as one of the two chief
cities of Bactria. -
According to Paul Bernard
and others, Aornos is to be located near Khulm
or Tashkurgan, where the valley of the Khulm
river, in which Rob and Samingan are situated, opens out into the plain.
Since the whole collection of Bactrian documents almost certainly represents
the royal archive of the kings of Rob, the mere presence of this document
in the archive would suggest that Warnu too formed part of their dominions. -
The next document which I would like to describe [Slide
24 11KB]
is a contract
for the sale of a slave, which begins: "It was the year 446,
the month Ab, the day Wahman,
when this sealed document, this purchase contract, was written here in the
district of Samingan, at Marogan, the court
of the khar of Rob". -
The year 446 should correspond to 678 A.D.
By this time Turkish names and titles are common, as can be seen from the
witness-list which follows: "Under the protection of the god Ram-set, the granter of favours, the granter of
wishes, the wonderful, who is worshipped here at Marogan, at the court,
under the protection of Zhun-lad son of Shabur, the successful, prosperous qaghan,
the tapaghligh iltabir, the khar of Rob, and
in the presence of Khusaru the tarkhan,
and in the presence of Dev-raz, the brave chief
justice of the khars of Rob, and also in the presence of the other noblemen
who were present there amongst them and who bear witness concerning this
matter". -
This document too was originally sealed with five seals,
whose owners are named on the back: remarkably, the seals of the witnesses
include that of the god Ram-set, who was presumably
represented by his priest. In the same way, other documents include the
god Wakhsh, the deified River Oxus, amongst
the witnesses. -
The text continues: "Now, I, Yaskul,
and I, Yezdgird, the sons of Kaw,
inhabitants of Khwastu, who are now present
here in the district of Samingan, and our brothers and sons, have sold to
you, Fanz, and to you, Winamarg,
and to you, Pusk, the sons of Bag-mareg,
you whose estate is called Gabaliyan, and to
your brothers, sons and descendants, a certain boy belonging to us as brothers,
this same boy who is called Khalas, for three
Persian drachmas, since we are unable to keep him in plenty and famine.
So now, may the boy mentioned above belong properly and well to you, Fanz,
and to you, Winamarg, with your brothers, sons and descendants hereafter,
from now to eternity". -
I hope that these quotations may give you a flavour of the legal terminology
of these documents --- for which, incidentally, one can find many parallels
both in documents written in other Central Asian languages such as Sogdian and Turkish,
and in the 5th cent. B.C. Aramaic documents
from Elephantine in Egypt. -
The next document [Slide 25 11KB] is dated in
the Bactrian year 478, that is, 710 A.D.,
in the month "Second New Year". The document
is a deed recording a gift of land and of a slave
girl to the god Kamird and his ked or priest, apparently in return for the healing
of a member of the donor's family -
Kamird
means literally "head" or "chief"; it is perhaps the
god's title rather than his name. -
The word ked is almost certainly
the source of the Chinese term, ji-duo, older kej-ta, mentioned
by Xuanzang as the name of the worshippers
of Zhun, the god of Zabulistan,
to the south of the Hindu-kush. This god was also known in the kingdom of
Rob, as we can see from the name of its ruler in the previous document:
Zhun-lad, literally "given by Zhun". -
In that case
it is quite likely that Zhun is the god referred to by the
title Kamird
"the chief (god)". Perhaps he is the mysterious dedicatee of the
cave-sanctuary of Nigar (Dukhtar-e
Nushirvan) in the mountains south of Rob? -
The donor in the present document, the queen of a ruler with the Turkish
name Qutlugh Tapaghligh Bilga Savug "fortunate,
possessing service, wise, beloved", is also referred to as "the
princess of the Khalas". Khalas, which was also the name of the slave-boy
in the previous document, probably represents the Turkish tribal name Khalach,
of which this would be one of the earliest occurrences. -
One of the very latest Bactrian documents is a deed of sale dated
in the year 525, that is 757 A.D. [Slide 28 13KB]
I just want to
draw attention to a couple of passages in this contract. The first is the
series of clauses which describe the rights of the new owners of the property:
"to have and to hold it, to sell it, to give it away, to pawn it,
to offer it for rent, to exchange it for another piece of land, to give
it for a son's wedding or a daughter's dowry, to make a monastery or temple,
to make a *cemetery or *crematorium ...". -
A similar contrast can be seen between the following
pair of nouns, both of which may refer to places for disposal of the dead:
laxmig would correspond to the Avestan daxma-,
Middle Persian daxmag, terms which usually
refer to a structure used for the Zoroastrian rite of exposure, but sometimes
also to a grave, while laxshatanig, if it derives from the root daxsh- "to burn", would necessarily
refer to a non-Zoroastrian, perhaps Indian, rite of cremation. -
Here the Indian term
for a Buddhist monastery, vihara, is contrasted
with the Bactrian word for a "temple", presumably referring to
a non-Buddhist shrine. -
These terms,
together with the numerous theophoric personal names found in the documents,
give us a glimpse of the variety of religious belief and practice in this
area before the coming of Islam. -
The independence of the kingdom of Rob was nearly at an end, however.
While earlier contracts had expressed prices in gold diners or in Persian
silver, the latest texts refer to "Arab silver dirhams", which
seem to be specified as 'locally *current". -
In addition, the present
text refers, for the first and last time,
to the payment of taxes to the Arabs. Soon afterwards,
Arabic must have replaced Bactrian as the written language of the area;
and indeed, a small number of Arabic documents
have come to light, which appear to form a continuation of the same archive -
Although I have only been able to describe a small part of an immense
new body of material, I hope that I have said enough to show that it will
throw new light on many aspects of the history and culture of ancient Afghanistan.
But as yet I have hardly mentioned its importance for Iranian historical
linguistics, though for me personally this is its chief fascination . -
This slide
[Slide 30 17KB] shows a small selection of forms which illustrate
the position of Bactrian amongst the Iranian languages. In particular I
have chosen forms which show the connection between Bactrian and the languages
of the surrounding area: medieval Sogdian and
Choresmian; modern Pashto,
Yidgha-Munji, and Ishkashmi. -
Such forms support the conclusion which Henning reached on first acquaintance
with the new language that it is "in its natural and rightful place
in Bactria" and justify his decision to name it Bactrian. -
For instance, Gershevitch's
controversial interpretation of lruh-minan in the Surkh Kotal
inscription as
the plural of a putative *lruh-min "enemy" receives strong
support from the contexts in which the later form druh-min occurs.
It is particularly impressive that the new texts provide examples of many
previously unattested Bactrian words whose existence had already been postulated
by Martin Schwartz on the basis of their occurrence
as loanwords in other languages of Central Asia. [Slide
31 17KB] -
In many cases the new material confirms or contradicts views originally
reached on the basis of limited evidence. -
For instance, the only verbs in the Surkh
Kotal inscription are a few forms of the simple past
tense and the present optative. Now
one can quote almost complete paradigms not only of these tenses, but also
of the present indicative, subjunctive
and imperative, and even a few forms of the
perfect subjunctive and optative. -
Of course the new texts also attest many forms for which there was
previously no evidence at all. -
Some features of Bactrian are quite unexpected, such as the existence of
two types of infinitive as in
Sogdian and Khotanese, or the tendency
to fuse sequences of conjunctions, adverbs, prepositions, and pronouns into
complex words such as o-ta-kald-men "and
then when to us". -
The fact that many texts are dated makes it possible
to trace historical developments in the language. For instance, in texts
of the 7th century and later, where an "l"
and an "r" come into direct contact,
the "l" changes to "d",
as in the example quoted before: lruh-min "enemy",
later druh-min. -
Up to now, Bactrian has been the poor relation amongst the Iranian
languages --- the one with nothing to give and everything to receive. Now
that Bactrian is no longer so obscure, it can start to provide solutions
as well as problems -
For example, the traditional translation of Avestan
axvareta- by Pahlavi agrift
"not taken", which many scholars have regarded as a mistake, is
justified by its Bactrian cognate. Similarly, the meaning of the much-debated
Middle Persian term bun-xanag, literally "foundation-house",
is clarified by the corresponding expression in Bactrian, which clearly
implies "estate", that is, "house and lands". -
A place-name
mentioned by the great Muslim scholar al-Beruni,
which modern scholars have emended out of existence, is shown to be correct
as it stands. In the infinitive migd "to
exchange", Bactrian even attests an Indo-European root which is apparently
not found in any language more closely related than Greek. -
The complete elucidation of the Bactrian documents and inscriptions
will require many kinds of expertise: in palaeography and epigraphy, in
history, historical geography, history of religions, numismatics, sphragistics,
Arabic, Turkish, Chinese ... Since no one individual could possibly be competent
in so many fields, such a task demands collaboration between scholars in
several disciplines. -
The starting-point for this collaboration must be the
decipherment of the text and the drafting of a first, tentative translation.
This is the business of the philologist, who employs his linguistic instinct
and his knowledge of cognate languages to formulate hypotheses about the
meanings of words and the grammatical structure of the language. -
Without
his preliminary work there is in fact nothing for anyone else to study.
Philology is a branch of scholarship which some regard as old-fashioned;
but I am proud to call myself a philologist and glad to have had this opportunity
to describe to you a body of material which so well demonstrates both the
necessity and the rewards of philological research.© N. Sims-Williams 1997
-
11 Jan 09
Old Persian (Aryan) | CAIS Language
www.cais-soas.com/...aryan_language.htm - Preview
persia persian-language linguistics persian achaemenid old-persian middle-persian cuneiform alphabet aryan aryan-language ancient-history
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Edited
by Shapour Suren-PahlavRevised
02 July 2007 - 40 more annotations...
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Linguistically,
Old Persian is the oldest attested Persid
language, which is classified in the group of Western Iranian languages. -
The Middle-Persian (Pahlavi) and New New Persian,
are the direct continuation of the Old Persian evolution. -
Old
Persian script was called Aryan (OP. ariyā) by the Achaemenids. -
It is largely known from an extensive body of cuneiform inscriptions –
especially from the time of Darius the Great (r. 522-486 BCE) and his son Xerxes
(r. 486-465BCE)[3]. -
However, some scholars believe that Aryan was invented by the first Iranian
dynasty, the Medes (728-550BCE), and then adopted by the Achaemenids as the
imperial script[4]. -
Old
Persian like Avestan and Sanskrit and all ancient Indo-European languages, are
highly inflected language -
Old Persian phonetics represented three pair of
monophthongs: long and short a, i, u, diphthongs ai, au,
23 consonant phonemes. -
The morphology shows eight cases, three numbers,
three genders, verbs had very complicated structure. -
The vocabulary borrowed
plenty of words from other ancient Iranian languages, and also from
non-Indo-European tongues, e.g. from Aramaic. -
As a whole, we can say that Old Persian
was the beginning of those significant processes which led the language to its
modern stage. -
Old Persian
(Aryan) Alphabet -
-
It evolved into the Middle Persian language known
as Pahlavi
of Parthian and Sasanid
Iran, and eventually into modern Persian
language. -
Old Persian
texts (including inscriptions, tablets and seals) have been found in Iran,
Turkey and Egypt. -
Its journey began around
6th century BCE, when
the Emperor Darius I the Great (522-486) ordered the
Behistun inscription to be made, he also ordered the making of a special,
Persian alphabet, which he called 'the Old Persian script' after the name of
official language. -
While
the shapes of some Old Persian letters may look similar to signs in
Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform script, only one of them, LA, is a
borrowing from that script, and that because LA represents a sound
not occurring in the Old Persian language and is used in foreign names only. -
Based on a logo-syllabic prototype, the system is essentially alphabetic
in character. 13 out of 22 consonants are invariant, regardless of the
following vowel (that is, they are alphabetic), while only 6 have a
distinct form for each consonant-vowel combination (that is, they are
syllablic), and among these, only d and m occur in three
forms for all three vowels. (k, g, j, v only occur before two of
the vowels, and so only have two forms.) In addition, 3 consonants, t,
n, r, are partially syllabic, having the same form before a and
i, and a distinct form only before u. For instance, =<
could be na or ni, whereas <<= is specifically nu.
Ambiguous syllables such as =< na/ni must be followed by a vowel
for clarification, but in practice even unambiguous syllables such as
<<= nu, or fully syllabic ma, mi, mu, are followed by
explicit vowels.
-
The
effect is not unlike the English [dʒ]
sound, which is typically written g before i or e,
but j before other vowels (gem, jam), or the Castillian
Spanish [θ]
sound, which is written c before i or e and z
before other vowels (cinco, zapato). -
It is more accurate to say
that some of the Old Persian consonants are written by different letters
depending on the following vowel, rather than classifying the script as
syllabic. -
This situation had its origin in the Assyrian cuneiform
syllabary, where several syllabic distinctions had been lost and were
often clarified with explicit vowels. However, in the case of Assyrian,
the vowel was not always used, and was never used where not needed, so the
system remained (logo-)syllabic. -
Scholars today agree that the character inventory of Old Persian was newly-invented
for the purpose of providing monumental inscriptions of the Achaemenid King of
Kings, Darius I the Great, by about 525 BC -
However, Old Persian
only kept
the cuneiform appearance of its character simply out of tradition, and the
actual shape of the signs were completely original. -
The
following is the Old Persian syllabary. Notice that this is a very skeletal
syllabary, in that sounds like pu is written with the signs pa and
u. In fact, consonants are written with the signs of the form C-a,
where C is consonant that we want to represent. -
Old Persian
alphabet was written from left to right in a kind of Cuneiform script. -
Old Persian
cuneiform contains 36 signs which represent consonants, vowels or
sequences of single consonants plus vowels, a set of five numbers, one
word divider, and eight ideograms for
the words 'king', 'country' (2x) 'good', 'god', 'earth', and 'Ahuramazda'
(3x). -
A slanting wedge (\)
is used as a word divider. -
This
alphabet was mainly used for Imperial inscriptions; the last text in the 'Old Persian script' can be dated to the fourth century BCE. -
Note
on pronunciation:
<!--msthemelist-->
<!--msthemelist-->
The symbol /ç/ is the alternate way of writing the
sound /
/, or
apico-palatal
voiceless fricative, much like /ch/ in German "ich". -
This is the
Old Persian syllabary: -
-
These are the
eight logograms used in Old Persian script: -
-
And these are numbers in
Old Persian: -
-
Inscription on the doorposts of
the inner room of the Palace of Darius I the Great in Persepolis, above
figures of the king and attendants. -
-
-
da-a-ra-ya-va-u-ša \ xa-ša-a-ya-tha-i-ya
\
va-za-ra-ka \ xa-ša-a-ya-tha-i-ya \ xa-ša-a-
ya-tha-i-ya-a-na-a-ma \ xa-ša-a-ya-tha-i-ya
\
da-ha-ya-u-na-a-ma \ vi-i-ša-ta-a-sa-pa-ha-ya-
a \ pa-u-ça \ ha-xa-a-ma-na-i-ša-i-ya \ ha-
ya \ i-ma-ma \ ta-ça-ra-ma \ a-ku-u-na-u-ša
Dârayavauš xšâyathiya
vazraka xšâyathiya xšâ-
yâthiânâm xšâyathiya
dahyunâm Vištâspahy-
a puça Haxâmanišiya
hya imam taçaram akunauš
Darius, the king
great, king of ki-
ngs, king of
countries, Hystasp-
es' son, an Achaemenid,
who built this palace.
Darius, the great king, king of kings, king of
countries, Hystaspes' son, an Achaemenid, built this palace.
-
08 Oct 08
RaidersNewsNetwork: The Origin Of The Human Condition-Not, Once Again!
www.raidersnewsnetwork.com/full.php - Preview
stephen-yulish carlosox rishis hindu-saints panspermia creation atlantis man-gods hitler akashic-record watchers nephilim demons fallen-angels india hindu-religion nazis aryan christianity
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The Origin Of The Human Condition-Not, Once Again!
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Added: Oct 7th, 2008 7:02 AM
by Stephen Yulish PhD - 24 more annotations...
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This is déjà vu all over again as Yogi Berra once remarked. No sooner had I critiqued Tony Elliot’s article than I ran across an equally bewildering one by Carlosox, “The Human Condition-Part One-The Origin and Early History of Humans”, UFO Digest, 10/01/08.
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Since Elliot rebutted my critique by alleging that I was just a “close-minded fundamentalist full of religiosities and therefore not spiritual”, I am not going to use the Bible in this critique but rather just good old fashioned standards of academic rigor.
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Sorry, but my old professorial standards are rearing their ugly head once again. So sue me! No offense to editor Dirk Vander Ploeg who prides himself on publishing different viewpoints including mine.
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Look, there are many (actually most) articles on UFO Digest that are well thought out and written like those of Hammonds, Bass, Morningstar and many others for example. I don’t always agree with their conclusions but I admire their style and rigor.
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Unfortunately, with all due respect to Carlosox‘s article, in my humble estimation it does not meet those rigorous standards.
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Add Sticky NoteAs I have stated and written about earlier in “My Early Descent Into the Spiritual World of Darkness and My Later Ascent Into the Godly World of Light”, UFO Digest, 2/07/08, I have read the Bhagavad-Gita and the Upanishads and have studied not only Hinduism but have meditated, experimented with lucid dreaming, and read about the so called Akashic Records.
- Eastern mystycism - on 2008-10-08
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Add Sticky NoteCarlosox’s allegation that only “advanced humans are allowed access to it” is without substantiation as to who these individuals are and how it is determined.
- Snobbery and arrogance among the New Age "Elite" - on 2008-10-08
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His further statement that the composition of the human body was determined by the work of so called Hindu saints or rishis using their powers of intuition through meditation again lacks substantiation.
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In another earlier article of mine, “How the Search for the Holy Grail found its way To Hitler and the Third Reich”, UFO Digest 06/02/08, I discussed the relationship between Eastern mysticism and Nazism.
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Add Sticky NoteHitler derived the swastika from Sanskrit Hindu symbols.
- NOTE: Barack Obama carried a Hindu "Monkey god" charm and was presented the summer 2008 with an idol of the same by some Obama supporters in India; which Obama accepted. - on 2008-10-08
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Add Sticky NoteTo further elaborate on this and to show Carlosox to be naive about so called Hindu masters:
“According to this mythology, in Atlantis, the superior Aryan race became a divine/human hybrid- a God Man. When they left Atlantis, they went to Tibet and India and developed superior magical powers (rishis?)…- Like in the Nephilim of Genesis - on 2008-10-08
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Add Sticky NoteHitler was fascinated by Hinduism and the occult as was his confidant Heinrich Himmler who believed in reincarnation and communicated with Kings of the past…
- Why then, out of all the many religious icons and symbols the world over, did Obama choose a Hindu pagan "god" to carry as a "good luck" charm? - on 2008-10-08
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Many Hindus recognized Hitler as an avatar, a god man, who was sent to punish the British for enslaving India… Hitler was seen as a mahatma because he was a vegetarian, abstained from sex, never married and was the visual embodiment of Aryan polity.” Hitler’s Cross by Erwin Lutzer, pgs 91-95.
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Of course neither Lutzer nor I are saying that Hinduism led to Nazism but its connection needs to be understood before people like Carlosox use it to try and explain the “human condition”.
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Add Sticky NoteHe mentions these rishis (Hindu saints or magicians) as saying that “When the Earth had cooled sufficiently, several races from light tears away decided to move to Earth.” How does he know this? Was it from the Akashic Records which only the truly enlightened can access and thus we cannot verify? Who told him, the rishis ? Why him?
- The "Watchers??" - on 2008-10-08
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They, (rishis?), then told him that the earliest inhabitants did not reproduce sexually but “evolved it (sic) later “after watching animals.” This is preposterous to believe. How did they reproduce, by mitosis?
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These same rishis apparently then told Carlosox that humans developed eyes because there was light. Again, no offense, but this is preposterous and unproven.
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Add Sticky NoteThen his arguments go from the preposterous to the ridiculous.
- Which about sums up many of these New Age writers and theorists and their adherents who turn around and want to blast on Christians who fully accept every word of the Bible as truth. - on 2008-10-08
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Add Sticky NoteMany of these “spiritually advanced first inhabitants were eaten by animals (because they had no eyes?) and their souls (never defined?) were mixed with the animal souls and that was why animal sacrifices were developed to free these entrapped souls.
- Moon bats - on 2008-10-08
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To his credit, even Carlosox had trouble accepting this.
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Add Sticky NoteBut then he travels again into the Land of Oz when he writes that the “Supreme Spirit” (again never defined or explained) warned the people not to be enticed by animal mating behavior and to instead experiment. What does that mean?
- Sounds like the "rishis" may be projecting their own God ordained prohibition in "leaving their first estate" to cohabit with human women and for which they were punished by God, onto human beings who were by their Creator, ordained to reproduce sexually among their own kind...but not with fallen angels. - on 2008-10-08
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These same rishis, again I guess accessing the Akashic Records, tell of how different races were brought here by UFOs although all these aliens who live on other planets were under the direction of this undefined Supreme Spirit.
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They all supposedly played a tremendous role in populating the earth. And they still watch the earth to make sure we don’t destroy ourselves or others. Who knew?
-
Look, I believe in freedom of expression and have researched myself Hinduism and the Akashic Records, so I understand what Carlosox is talking about, but I do not follow his line of argumentation or his awkward writing style. You can blame that on my academic teaching background or on my hubris at questioning Dirk’s editorial discretion, but do not try and blame it on my Christian faith. That will not hold water in this case.
-
24 Aug 08
Hitler's Occult Religion
www.geocities.com/...hitler.html - Preview
himmeler ss nazi-germany hitler occult dietrich-eckart karl-maria-wiligut wewelsburg-castle jews spear-destiny race aryan israel herman-rauschning
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He modeled the
<!--webbot bot="HTMLMarkup" startspan -->Nazi castle in Wewelsburg<!--webbot bot="HTMLMarkup" endspan -->
after the legend of King Arthur. Underneath the roundtable was a
small room called the ‘realm of the dead’, where various occult
rituals were performed. -
It was in the actual roundtable room where
Himmler and his followers conducted occult rituals such as
communicating with dead ancestors and Teutonic knights of the past. - 98 more annotations...
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The SS was also the ideological
vanguard of the new religion, and the instrument through which the
Aryan people would be indoctrinated into it. -
Himmler established festivals
on the Summer and Winter Solstices incorporating elements of ancient
pagan rituals such as sun and nature worship. These celebrations
were always characterized by a strong SS presence. -
--- Himmler commissioned His personal occult
advisor Karl Maria Wiligut , {sometimes known as “Himmler’s
Rasputin. See <!--webbot bot="HTMLMarkup" startspan -->The Secret King: Karl Maria Wiligut, Himmler's Lord of the Runes
Germanic traditions, and prehistory. -
After the First World War Wiligut performed as a
Neopagan and claimed to be the last of a line of sorcerers called
the Ueiskuinigsto and to have a clairvoyant recollection of the
early Germanic history . -
He designed the "Totenkopf" ring, which
Himmler personally awarded to prestigious SS officers. -
He met Himmler In 1933 and was appointed to the "SS Race and
Settlement Main Department". -
Himmler chose
Wewelsburg to be the ritual headquarters of the SS based on the
advice of Wiligut. -
Wiligut claimed to be an adherent of what he
called "Irmin-Kristianity." which endorsed Lanz's belief in an Aryan
Jesus. -
The Concept of an Aryan
Race. -
The Aryan race is an idea that
derived out of the fact that the languages of Most North European
and Indian peoples were from a common root language. -
19th century ethnologists that
Northern European peoples originated from an ancient people called
the Aryans, a name derived from the Sanskrit word Arya, which means
'noble person'. -
This idea arose when linguists identified these two
closely related languages as the earliest known ancestors of all the
major European languages, including Latin, Greek, Germanic and
Celtic. -
The Ahnenerbe, {See;
<!--webbot bot="HTMLMarkup" startspan -->War-time activities of the SS-Ahnenerbe
} an arm of the SS commissioned in
the mid-1930s to research the ancestral heritage of the Aryan race,
roamed the Earth in a quest to find proof that the Aryan race was
destined to rule the world and that the Nazi vision of purification
and world domination was supported by Occult mystic forces. -
They
task was to provide scientific documentation to support Nazi dogma. -
Persians at one time called
themselves Aryans. Darius the Great, a Persian king (521 - 486
BC), in an inscription proclaims: "I am Darius, the Great King, ...,
A Persian, son of a Persian, an Aryan, having Aryan lineage". -
However, it is quite probable that the term Aryan used here is in
reference to a noble or Royal lineage, not racial. -
[Darius III 380 BC - 330 BC ,a
Descendant of Darius the Great in a letter to Alexander the Great
wrote " I, Darius, king of kings and of the race of the
gods, consort of Mithra on his throne and co-partner with the
Sun, in my own right divine do give these injunctions and commands
to thee my servant Alexander... "] -
Darius the Great (521 - 486
BC) is mentioned in the Old testament many times, as a
king of Persia, and is a descendant of Cyrus.
Ezra 4
24 Thus the work on the house of God in Jerusalem came to a
standstill until the second year of the reign of
Darius king of Persia.
"Then King Cyrus gave them to a man named Sheshbazzar, whom he
had appointed governor, 15 and he told him, 'Take these articles
and go and deposit them in the temple in Jerusalem. And rebuild
the house of God on its site.' 16 So this Sheshbazzar came and
laid the foundations of the house of God
in Jerusalem. From that day to the present it has been under
construction but is not yet finished." -
Ezra 5
2 Then Zerubbabel
son of Shealtiel and Jeshua son of Jozadak set to work to
rebuild the house of God in Jerusalem. And the prophets of God
were with them, helping them. ... 4 They also asked, "What are
the names of the men constructing this building?" 5 But the eye
of their God was watching over the elders of the Jews, and they
were not stopped until a report could go to Darius and his
written reply be received.
6 This is a copy of the letter ... -
To
King Darius: Cordial greetings.
17 Now if it pleases the king, let a search be made in the royal
archives of Babylon to see if King Cyrus did in fact issue a
decree to rebuild this house of God in Jerusalem. Then let the
king send us his decision in this matter.
....."We are the servants of the God of
heaven and earth, and we are rebuilding the temple that
was built many years ago, one that a great king of Israel built
and finished. 12 But because our fathers angered the God of
heaven, he handed them over to Nebuchadnezzar the Chaldean, king
of Babylon, who destroyed this temple and deported the people to
Babylon. .....
13 "However, in the first year of Cyrus
king of Babylon, King Cyrus issued a decree to rebuild
this house of God. 14 He even removed from the temple of
Babylon the gold and silver articles of the house of God, which
Nebuchadnezzar had taken from the temple in Jerusalem
..... let a search be made
in the royal archives of Babylon to see if King Cyrus did in
fact issue a decree to rebuild this house of God in Jerusalem -
The
Decree of Darius
1 King Darius then issued an order,
and they searched in the archives stored in the treasury at
Babylon. 2 A scroll was found in the citadel of Ecbatana in the
province of Media, and this was written on it:
Memorandum:
3 In the first year of King Cyrus, the king issued a decree
concerning the temple of God in Jerusalem:
..Let the temple be rebuilt
as a place to present sacrifices, and let its foundations be
laid.....
16
Then the people of Israel-the priests, the Levites and
the rest of the exiles-celebrated the
dedication of the house of God with joy...... -
So, in actuality,
The Aryans of the Bible in context of the above excerpts do not appear to be an Enemy or
Adversary of the Jews to which Hitler Claims to trace
his version of Aryan -Lineage. -
Digging further into this
Story , you will see that it is relative to the Story of the
Battle of Armageddon.. {Not the symbolic one, but the real one
that took place Centuries ago between Egyptians and Israelites
in defense of and in Alliance with these Aryans Hitler claims to
represent} -
Aryan Theologian Houston Stewart
Chamberlain Lamented the actions of the Aryan king and what
he considered the disgrace of Christian Europe for preserving
ancient Judaic books {Primarily Ezekiel} and the law of Moses, -
Chamberlain wrote:
"Under the protection of Aryan
tolerance the hearth was erected from which, for tens of
centuries a curse to all that is noblest and an everlasting
disgrace to Christianity, Semitic intolerance was to spread like
a poison over the whole earth. " -
Some German researchers argued
that the Aryans originated in ancient Germany or Scandinavia, and
branched out from there, into India and the middle and near East. -
Hitler twisted these theories to
fit his needs and developed the Doctrine of Aryan superiority
which was used as justification for some of his actions. Whether he
and his inner Circle believed this Doctrine in it's entirety or not is questionable. -
Hitler's' suicide, if it really was a suicide, was
on April 30 it was the eve of Beltane (known in Germany as
Walpurgisnacht), identified by Wiccans as a Druid feast in honor of
the deity Bel, believed by some to be identical to the Canaanite
Baal of the Bible. -
In witchcraft, this "power-point" day is regarded
as a "great sabbat" equal in potency to Occultists with Halloween.
It is also believed to be in imitation of Christ being crucified on
the eve of Passover. -
-
The word
"swastika" is a derivative of the word "svastika" from ancient
Sanskrit language of India. Which means "well-being." -
The
swastika , an ancient symbol that can be traced back thousands of
years. was commonly used as far back as 1000 BC. -
Referred to
by different names in different societies In China it was wan
, In Germany it was at one time called the Hakenkreuz , In
Greece the gammadion, In the British Isles the fylfot and
represented Obedience or Submission, and Brigantes of Ancient
Britain used it as a symbol of the goddess Bride. -
In India it was
actually called the Svastika. -
Swastikas can be found in the
catacombs in Rome as well as ancient Jewish synagogues next to the
star of David. -
During World War I, the swastika was found on the
shoulder patches of the American 45th Division and well into
untraceable history. -
American Indians used the Swastika as a
decorative as well as symbolic adornment. The swastika used by
Amerindians was actually called the Wheel of Life, which turned in a
clockwise direction. -
The Nazi swastika deliberately reversed the
ancient symbol of power so that it turned counterclockwise denoting
a "black magic" orientation in direct contradiction of the right
handed wheel of life swastika. -
It should
be noted however that all the cultures used the right handed
swastika a right-handed swastika, traditionally is symbol of good
fortune, and the triumph of spirit over materialism. -
As per Francis
King in <!--webbot bot="HTMLMarkup" startspan -->Satan and Swastika
flags were submitted to Hitler: The one finally adopted .. by Dr.
Friedrich Krohn, a dentist from Sternbergwas the swastika on a white
disk against a red background, -
But Krohn's flag featured a
right-handed swastika, the traditional symbol of good fortune,
spiritual evaluation and the triumph of spirit over materialism. -
Hitler insisted on it being replaced by the left-handed swastika,
regarded by occultists as the equivalent of a reversed crucifix,
an evocation of evil, spiritual devolution and black magic! -
Holocaust
-
To say Hitler was not fond of Jews
would be an obviously gross understatement . His intense
hatred of the Jews went far beyond any sane Human explanation And
was incorporated into the Nazi Occult religon. -
As per the National Socialist Religion
the presence of the Jew in the
World it appears, stood in direct opposition to their Satanic agenda. -
Satan's primary Agenda is to thwart the master plan of the God of
Abraham. -
In the personage of Adolph Hitler and his followers
The Fallen Angel
carried out the Holocaust -
Anyone and Everyone with a
remnant of Jewish Blood was rounded up-- Loyal Nazi's who
were found to have Jewish ancestors generations ago, that they were
unaware of were
rounded up and sent to the Death Camps. -
Magical powers, which we 21st
Century 'scientifically and intellectually enlightened'
Humans scoff at , were at work here. -
"......Genocide was
the magical act whereby the history of the world would
forever be transformed, even if Germany did not survive. The
elimination of the Jews, and with them their culture and
religion, would leave a vacuum for the ascendance of the
demonic powers controlled by or controlling the Third
Reich...." and
“The whole Nazi ethos grew out of a magical view of the
world,..the history of Nazi Germany was forged by strange
fanatics whose actions can only be explained in occult terms." White Magic Occult author N. Pennick -
The Satanic Agenda at this
point in history was the annihilation of the Hebrew bloodline. -
In
Germany and the occupied countries ...A Jewish ancestor four
to Five Generations back ... You wore the Yellow Star the same as
those who wore the yarmulke, whether you were practicing
Judaism or not. -
Current Popular History tends to neglect the fact
that the Jews were only one of the many groups targeted by the Nazi
High Priests. -
Gypsies
-
It
was never the official Nazi policy to completely exterminate the
Gypsies . There is some evidence that prior to 1942, Himmler favored
sparing a couple of gypsy tribes which had been defined as "pure
gypsies." -
Up to 600,000 were exterminated.
-
However, by December, 1942, he ordered all gypsies in
Germany deported to Auschwitz. -
Gypsies are not specifically
mentioned in the The Nazi "Nuremberg Laws on Citizenship and Race"
as non-Aryan, by 1937, those statutes were extended to include them
and to define them as incompatible with Aryan blood. -
The deportation
of Gypsies was placed under Himmler's authority in 1942 and he
ordered their extermination. Many were simply shot by SS
Einsatzgruppen in their villages, others were "deported" a to
Auschwitz or Treblinka. -
An estimated 2,000 Jehovah's Witnesses died in concentration camps,
where they were held for ideological reasons. They refused
involvement in politics, would not say "Heil Hitler", and would not
serve in the German army -
Several hundred thousand mentally and physically
disabled were exterminated. -
The Nazis believed that the disabled
were a burden as they needed to be cared for by others, and were
also considered an affront to the grand Nazi agenda of a society
peopled by a superhuman Aryan race. -
Almost half a Million people
having mental deficiencies or illnesses deemed to be hereditary in
nature were sterilized against their will . -
-
One substantial reason for
the Nazi's initial success in their assault on Russia was their
unpredictability, they did not follow a sane military strategy,
their strategy in a large part was dictated by Population
demographics as dictated by "Racial Studies of the German
People" by Hans F.A. Gunther. -
Hitler made much use of
this occult book, which had an appendix showing the geographic distribution of the Jewish population throughout
Europe,
including Western Russia. -
This book for the large part
determined where he was going to attack, and in what order. -
Satan worked through Hitler in an attempt to remove the Jewish
race from the face of the earth. -
The conquest of territory
although vital was secondary to the annihilation of as many Jews as
possible. -
Hitler and the Nazis are estimated to have killed
two-thirds of Jews worldwide. -
The Final outcome of all
the efforts of the Right Hand of Satan to
eliminate the Jewish Race only resulted in a strengthened Hebrew
Nation, and was the primary catalyst for the return to their Promised Land -
The actions of the State of Israel thereafter are another matter.
-
As The God of Abraham had promised , the Diaspora {Dispersion of the
Jewish People throughout the World} would not be eternal. ...Shalom
.. Next Year in Jerusalem. -
This can be considered an
incredible parallel to the Christian Holocaust / Persecution at the
hands of a Satanic forebear of Hitler---
Nero. -
The outcome of the unprecedented Roman onslaught against the
Christians was the rise of Christianity throughout the
Roman Empire. The onslaught of Satanism on Judaism can resulted in
the Jews return to Palestine and the restablishment of the State of
Israel. -
The eventual and natural Failure of National
Socialism created a huge vacuum of power the World, a void filled
largely by The Evil Counterpart and adversary of Hitler at the time.
Stalin . -
The Future
as Proposed by Hitler -
Adolph was to replace Jesus as
the object of adoration for the Masses that survived the Ethnic
purges anticipated, eventually only the descendants of the SS would
survive to inhabit the World. -
All "inferior" and competing gene
pools would be either eliminated through selective breeding, or
exterminated. -
The first steps enroute to this end was
the conquest of "growing room"
and the elimination of
"The
mightiest counterpart to the Aryan"
-
"When an opponent declares, 'I
will not come over to your side', I calmly say, 'Your child
belongs to us already... What are you? You will pass on. Your
descendants, however, now stand in the new camp. In a short time
they will know nothing else but this new community'" Hitler 1933 -
Czechoslovakia
-
German policies varied depending
on the area of Czechoslovakia (the Sudetenland, Bohemia and Moravia,
and Slovakia). -
Many Czechs were forcibly removed from the
Sudetenland area and reduced to Slave Laborers. The same for other
non-Germanic peoples. -
Poland
-
The Nazi's set out to eliminate
the Polish elite and reduce the rest of the country to a
population of slave laborers. -
It is estimated that a quarter of the
population of Poland perished during the German occupation. -
Himmler had assigned the Main Office for the Consolidation of German
Nationhood (SS-RKF) the task of preparing a plan for Germanizing
Poland. -
The idea was to turn these areas into pure
Germanic provinces. -
Baltic States
-
Basically suffered the same fate
as Poland, it had not reached the intensity of Poland , possibly due
to the Nazi's pre-occupation with fighting the Russians. -
Had
the Russians fallen , it's safe to say there probably wouldn't be
many Estonians, Latvians or Lithuanians around today. -
As far as the remainder of
Eastern Europe was concerned, the details had already been planned
before the attack on Poland. However, they were modified and revised
until finally, at the beginning of 1940, there emerged the
Generalplan Ost {"The General Plan for the East"} -
The Plan called for the gradual
Germanizing of Eastern Europe for settlement by Germans and
eventual absorption into the Thousand-Year Reich. -
This area covered
territory to the Black Sea and the Crimea in the south. -
The
Thousand-Year Reich was thus to absorb the whole of Poland,
Czechoslovakia, the Baltic countries and a huge chunk of the Soviet
Union - These areas were to be "Germanized" before being
incorporated into the Reich. -
"The main
plank in the National Socialist program is to abolish the
liberalistic concept of the individual ...." Hitler -
"We must stop thinking of the individual and start thinking about
what is best for society." ..Hillary Clinton
"... "you f****** Jew bastard". .. "
..Hillary Clinton
http://www.rense.com/general2/hillh.htm
-
12 Aug 08
YouTube - Russ Dizdar, Exorcism, MPD, SRA, The Black Awakening 8of12
The Black Awakening Part 8 of 12
www.youtube.com/watch - Preview
russ-dizdar black-awakening mpd sra occult black-sun ss nazis usa nwo satanic-weapons super-soldiers genetics aryan
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Russ Dizdar, Exorcism, MPD, SRA, The Black Awakening 8of12
Secrets of the Black Awakening – Part One
peeringintodarkness.com/?p=1183 - Preview
russ-dizdar sue-bradley derek-gilbert black-sun nazis germany occult babylon nephilim blood aryan ss initiated satanic-weaponry science end-time 666 usa government military
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Secrets of the Black Awakening – Part One
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Part One of an exclusive PID series from the pen of symbologist and researcher into all that ‘lies beneath’, Sue Bradley.
- 48 more annotations...
-
-
By SUE BRADLEY
August 11, 2008 -
The Black Awakening has nothing to do with a specific human race.
The Black Awakening does however have everything to do with another race.
-
WE ARE THE LOST ONES
From a Time before Time
From a Land beyond the Stars
From the Age when Anu walked the earth
In company of Bright Angels.
We have survived the first War
Between the Powers of the Gods
And have seen the wrath of the Ancient Ones
Dark Angels
Vent upon the EarthWE ARE FROM A RACE BEYOND THE WANDERERS OF NIGHT.
We have survived the Age when Absu ruled the Earth
And the Power destroyed our generations.
We have survived on tops of mountains
And beneath the feet of mountains
And have spoked with the Scorpions
In allegiance and were betrayed.OF THE GENERATIONS OF THE ANCIENT ONES
The accounts of the generations
Of the Ancient Ones here rendered
Of the generations of the Ancient Ones
Here remembered.
Cold and Rain that erode all things
They are the Evil Spirits
In the creation of Anu spawned
Plague gods -
But what race?
-
Pastor Russ Dizdar is all about spiritual warfare: studying, exposing, warning and teaching. For over thirty years and from thousands of hours of prayer and experience, his remarkable insight has led to an understanding of which most of us have never known.
-
With prayer, boldness, authority and composure, Russ stands down the darkest demons of Hell and patiently waits while we learn, falter and try to catch up.
-
His is a ministry unique in every way: going farther back and back – to the root, and then following through with the cleansing and the watering.
-
From the Magian Text of the Babylonian Necronomicon
(Avon Books, 1980, xx.) -
The Clash of Kingdoms and
The Battle for the Ascendancy of the Satanic Presence -
WHERE DID THE REBELLION BEGIN?
-
Author Tom Horn supplies an uncomfortable answer:
“Something alarming has been happening since the dawn of time, which has been recorded in the history, holy books, and mythos of every great civilization. Ancient rabbinical authorities including Septuagint translators and early church fathers understood it.
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Sumerians, Assyrians, Egyptians, Greeks, the Hindus, the American Indians, and virtually all other civilizations wrote about it. Beings of super intelligence sometimes referred to as “gods” descend through openings of sky, earth, and sea to interact with this planet’s creatures.”
-
A pattern began ago and is chronicled by the ancients of the great civilizations of Lemuria, Mu and Atlantis when the gods ruled our Solar System.
-
Mighty in size and savage in deed whose memory seemed to be imbedded within the very blood of history.
-
These gods with an insatiable appetite for blood, destruction and horror can be heard by ancient echoes with vague remnants still calling. And patterns, by nature, repeat.
-
These hybrid Nephilim, curiously known by etymologic tracing as “sons of outrageous behavior,” have experienced an unprecedented resurgence of interest, and not simply as a topic of theological speculation.
-
They have spawned an entire genre of books, movies, television and innumerable podcast and radio shows. “Experts” seemingly appear out of nowhere, impressively but suspiciously savvy.
-
Is it possible that the embers of ancient confusion, contest, and conquest — smoldering through the millennia of recent recorded history and kept alive with sacrificial rituals — will soon reignite a spark to light the torch of the ancient Black Flame?
-
What is going on? The chaos is increasing.
-
“Chaos,” says Russ Dizdar, “is a big word…We see hostility in so many ways, in the school shootings, fires, some of the biggest of those fires have been purposely set. But this is the kind of world that we are living in right now and we’re seeing the entire shaking of all kinds of levels the fabric. I think people are afraid of it, I think people are really worried now.
-
“People are hearing voices, there’s a dark impulse and people are pushed over the edge.” Evil is creeping in all around us and our culture is feeling the effects of it. Almost everyone is saying it, ‘What’s next?’”
-
Pastor Russ Dizdar -
Although the climate is dark worldwide, it is nowhere more evident than in the (presumably) most technologically advanced nation in the world, the United States.
-
Preoccupation with self, events, ‘circumstances,’ have resulted in a harried society, spiritually anemic, Laodicean in character: neither hot nor cold, perhaps numb would be appropriate.
-
Yet within the great borders of our national “melting pot,” political factions spar, ethnic divisions scuffle, philosophic concepts collide, and society’s moral composition degrades.
-
A closer examination of far greater significance goes unrecognized to most: the reality of spiritual warfare and specifically territorial influences.
-
Culture is comfortable, and familiar possessions and customs accompany the “huddled masses yearning to breathe free.” But what has this promise of freedom brought along? And what was already here? And what is this generation bringing again?
-
SPIRITUAL DYNAMICS BEHIND THE SCENES
-
With the onset of the “War on Terror” staged in ancient Babylon, students of Scripture recognize the significance and strength of the Prince of Persia.
-
So strong was this “prince,’ that Daniel’s petition was delayed for twenty-one days while a struggle between the Prince of Persia and Gabriel took place, which was subsequently resolved by the direct intervention of Michael the Archangel.
-
We are subsequently told of other hostile princes, principalities, and rulers who battle with mankind and among themselves.
-
From the text, it is clear that Daniel’s petition was challenged by unseen resistance, a presence that had influence over the region, and continues today.
-
Why is it then that we have become fascinated and so intricately linked with this region?
-
CONNECTIONS
-
Author and researcher Joseph P. Farrell provides historical clarity.
“The doctrine of the Black Sun, reaching back to ancient Sumer and Akkadia, is that there are two suns, the “white” sun, the sun that we see at the center of our physical solar system, and the “black” sun, a “hidden sun of (spiritual) illumination…In Babylonian mythology it was also associated with the coming of the “King of kings” and the establishment of a New Babylon.”
-
Farrell also explains the application to twentieth century Germany, specifically the elite SS:
“Central to the secret initiation that these senior SS generals received was the real significance of the anagram “SS” itself. For the “rank and file elite” of the SS, the initials stood for the German word Schutzstaffel, a term meaning loosely, a special staff or military unit. But to the initiates, there was another meaning of “SS” altogether, a meaning with roots deep in the occult and in ancient Sumerian, Babylonian, and to a certain extent, Egyptian belief. For these initiates, the letters “SS referred to die Schwarze Sonne, the Black Sun.”
-
Pastor Dizdar moves forward with a contemporary example:
-
“Look at history: the 80,000 SS troops inducted into a cult, Nazi occultism Where did they go? What did they take with them when they went around the world including the United States. A lot of our occultic depth here in the US, a lot of the Left Hand Path really flowed in the 1950’s and the second greatest proliferation of occult literature flowed in the 60s.
“So if we look, we see doorways that have been opened, even among churches. When morality is undercut and the door to the other side is opened, it is opened for deception – and that deception always brings destruction. The largest cultic movement in the history of Christianity, the New Age Movement is here.”
-
The ease of access to historical documents has been greatly facilitated by 21st Century electronic technology.
-
Pre-World War II evidence is revealing multiple, disturbing insights into the origins of an esoteric and occultic Third Reich.
-
The reunification of the German State took place on October 3rd 1990, when the German Democratic Republic (GDR / East Germany) established five states, which joined the Federal Republic of Germany while the GDR abolished its existence.
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Formerly classified documents were released only to confirm long suspected occultic activity: that Heinrich Himmler sought to find pure Ayran blood, which he believed contained latent properties of a superior and supernatural race.
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This belief led to expeditions to the near and far east under the guise of the “Ancestral Research Bureau.”
-
Nuremburg Trial documents record Himmler’s quest: “The purpose was to research all avenues of ancient mythology, texts, esotericism . . . for the purpose of the potential military application.”
-
According the Dr. Achille Delmas, the Reich’s real purpose was to perform an act of creation, a divine biological mutation which would overtake the world with the “apparition of a new race of heroes and demigods and god-men,”– a final exaltation of the human race.
-
Interestingly, this is echoed by present day Aryan loyalists by the acronym: ORION, “Our Race Is Our Nation.”
-
But the strange exploration was not limited to bloodlines. A driving search for ancient technology or information was of equal if not greater importance.
-
Derek and Sharon Gilbert
www.peeringintodarkness.com
www.pidradio.com
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24 Jul 08
Persia: Page 12 Ancient Soul of Iran - National Geographic Magazine
12 pages from the National Geographic on Iran/Persia and the Iranians/Persian people.
ngm.nationalgeographic.com/...12 - Preview
persia iran people antiquity arabs islam zoroaster cyrus culture aryan pride nationalism revolution west uranium-enrichment nuclear usa
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A young underground Persian rap singer named Yas joined us then. He had black spiky hair, stylishly long sideburns, handsome eyebrows shaped like two black bananas, and around his neck he wore a silver fravahar, the Zoroastrian winged disk that signifies the soul's upward progress through good thoughts, words, and deeds.
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He's part of the Generation of the Revolution, who grew up after 1979 and account for more than two-thirds of the country's 70 million people.
- 8 more annotations...
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Variously described as jaded and lacking belief in their futures—"a burned generation," as Kurdish filmmaker Bahman Ghobadi put it—they are increasingly leaving for Europe and elsewhere.
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Some have a rich consciousness of their Persian past while at the same time supporting the idea of Islamic unity; some feel only Persian or only Islamic; and others immerse themselves in Western culture through television programming received on illegal satellite dishes. Farin said: "They're schizophrenic."
-
Yas raps about Persian poets, grandparents, and the history of Iran.
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One of his most popular cuts, "My Identity," was in response to the movie 300, about the famous battle at Thermopylae between the Spartans of Greece and the so-called Persian immortals. "The Greeks were portrayed as heroic, innocent, and civilized," Yas said. "The Persians were shown as ugly savages with a method of fighting that was unfair."
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The movie set off a tirade from Iranians here and abroad, who experienced it as a cultural attack. In defense, Yas rapped about Persepolis and Cyrus but also chastised his fellow citizens for resting on the laurels of greatness past.
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An irony is that the Islamic revolution—at times referred to here as the "second Arab invasion"—appears to have strengthened the very ties to antiquity that it tried so hard to sever; it has roused that part of the national identity that remains connected to the idea, memorialized in places like Persepolis and Pasargadae, of Iranians as direct descendants of some of the world's most ancient continuous people.
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A civil engineer named Hashem told me of a recent
impromptu celebration at Cyrus's tomb. People text messaged each other on their cell phones, and a couple of thousand "coincidentally" showed up, buying multiple entrance tickets to support restoration of the tomb. The celebration was informal. No speeches, no ceremony. "Just to honor Cyrus and show solidarity." -
As Farin put it, shaking her lowered head with an air of world-weariness, "there has been this constant onslaught on our identity, and the reaction has always been to return to that deepest identity. Inside every Iranian there is an
emperor or an empress. That is for sure."
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