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Arctic ice reaches historic seasonal low; “We are almost out of multiyear sea ice in the northern hemisphere.” « Climate Progress
Barber said the ice was now being melted both by rays from the sun as well as from below by the warmer water.
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The Arctic is warming up three times more quickly than the rest of the Earth, in part because of the reflectivity, or the albedo feedback effect, of ice.
As more and more ice melts, larger expanses of darker sea water are exposed. These absorb more sunlight than the ice and cause the water to heat up more quickly, thereby melting more ice.
Barber said the ice was now being melted both by rays from the sun as well as from below by the warmer water.
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After a long search, Barber’s ice breaker finally found a 16-km (10-mile) wide floe of multiyear ice that was around 6 to 8 meters (20-26 feet) thick. But as the crew watched, the floe was hit by a series of waves, and disintegrated in five minutes.
Immunization Safety Review: Vaccines and Autism
Immunization Safety Review: Vaccines and Autism
Ice core - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Because water molecules containing heavier isotopes exhibit a lower vapor pressure, when the temperature falls, the heavier water molecules will condense faster than the normal water molecules. The relative concentrations of the heavier isotopes in the condensate indicate the temperature of condensation at the time, allowing for ice cores to be used in local temperature reconstruction after certain assumptions. In addition to the isotope concentration, the air bubbles trapped in the ice cores allow for measurement of the atmospheric concentrations of trace gases, including greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.
fig3-5.jpg (1280×688)
I believe this is an illustration demonstrating expected precipitation changes in % over different regions of the planet.
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