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from pdf New College News 2002
text.new.ox.ac.uk/pdfs/alumni_nc_news_nov2002.pdf

"The Hall was last tackled on this scale
when Sir Gilbert Scott put in the new roof in 1858, though a good deal
of restoration was done by Champneys in the early 1900s and more
again in the 1920s.
Myths have long accreted about the Hall. No matter how often the story
is denied, newspapers and radio journalists still insist on believing that
Scott used oak beams from trees that had been planted for the purpose
almost five hundred years before. Since most structural oak was cut from
trees of about a hundred and fifty years old, it would have been unlikely
that anyone would plant it for use in five hundred years. Happily, on this
occasion we have not needed to re-roof on such a scale, although there
were some initial fears that the lantern was unsound and insecure as well"

September 25, 2007
The oak beams of New College, Oxford
Filed under: Culture, Planning — tomwfox @ 8:33 am

by Gregory Bateson
Reprinted in The Next Whole Earth Catalog, 1980

“New College, Oxford, is of rather late foundation, hence the name. It was probably founded around the late 16th century. It has, like other colleges, a great dining hall with big oak beams across the top. These might be eighteen inched square, and twenty feet long.

“Some five to ten years ago, so I am told, a busy entomologist went up into the roof of the dining hall with a penknife and poked at the beams, and found that they were full of beetles. This was reported to the College Council, who met in some dismay, because where would they get beams of that caliber nowadays?

“One of the Junior Fellows stuck his neck out and suggested that there might be on College lands some oak. These colleges are endowed with pieces of land scattered across the country. So they called the College Forester, who of course had not been near the college itself for some years, and asked him about oaks.

“And he pulled his forelock and said, “Well sirs, we was wondering when you’d be askin’.”

“Upon further inquiry it was discovered that when the College was founded, a grove of oaks had been planted to replace the beams in the dining hall when they became beetly, because oak beams always become beetly in the end. This plan had been passed down from one Forester to the next for four hundred years. “You don’t cut them oaks. Them’s for the College Hall.”

“A nice story. That’s the way to run a culture.”

1. Pro 1 kW heat = 0.4 - 0.9 m³ storage space - depending on the house Dämmzustand
(inkl. Leerraum) (including space)
2. Nutzbarer Lagerraum = 2/3 Lagerraum (inkl. Leerraum) Effective storage space = 2 / 3 storage space (including space)
3. 1 mł Pelletsmenge = 650 kg 1 m³ pellets quantity = 650 kg
4. Energieinhalt = ca. 5 kWh / kg = Energy content of about 5 kWh / kg

Beispiel: Example:

Einfamilienhaus mit einer Heizlast von 15 kW Single with a heat load of 15 kW


= =


5.800 kg Pellets Jahresbedarf 5,800 kg pellets annual requirement

15 kW Heizlast x 0,9 mł / kW 15 kW heat x 0.9 m³ / kW


= =


13,5 mł Lagerraumvolumen (inkl. Leerraum) 13.5 m³ volume storage space (including space)

Nutzbarer Rauminhalt Effective capacity


= =


13,5 mł x 2/3 = 9 mł 13.5 m³ x 2 / 3 = 9 m³

Lagerraumgröße Storage room size


= =


13,5 mł : 2,4 m (Raumhöhe) = 5,6 m˛ Lagerraumfläche 13.5 m³: 2.4 m (room height) = 5.6 m ˛ storage space
(2,0 x 3,0 Meter sollte jedoch nicht unterschritten werden) (2.0 x 3.0 metres should not fall below)

Gelagerte Energiemenge Stored amount of energy


= =


5850 kg x 5 kWh / kg = 29250 kWh 5850 kg x 5 kWh / kg = 29250 kWh
(entspricht einer Heizölmenge von ca. 3000 Liter) (equivalent to a quantity of fuel oil about 3000 liters)

Bulk Materials Calculator

UPDATE March 15, 2007
The University of Alberta Discovery

DCA is an odourless, colourless, inexpensive, relatively non-toxic, small molecule. And researchers at the University of Alberta believe it may soon be used as an effective treatment for many forms of cancer.

Dr. Evangelos Michelakis, a professor at the U of A Department of Medicine, has shown that dichloroacetate (DCA) causes regression in several cancers, including lung, breast, and brain tumors.

Michelakis and his colleagues, including post-doctoral fellow Dr. Sebastien Bonnet, have published the results of their research in the journal Cancer Cell.

Scientists and doctors have used DCA for decades to treat children with inborn errors of metabolism due to mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondria, the energy producing units in cells, have been connected with cancer since the 1930s, when researchers first noticed that these organelles dysfunction when cancer is present.

Until recently, researchers believed that cancer-affected mitochondria are permanently damaged and that this damage is the result, not the cause, of the cancer. But Michelakis, a cardiologist, questioned this belief and began testing DCA, which activates a critical mitochondrial enzyme, as a way to "revive" cancer-affected mitochondria.

The results astounded him.

Michelakis and his colleagues found that DCA normalized the mitochondrial function in many cancers, showing that their function was actively suppressed by the cancer but was not permanently damaged by it.

More importantly, they found that the normalization of mitochondrial function resulted in a significant decrease in tumor growth both in test tubes and in animal models. Also, they noted that DCA, unlike most currently used chemotherapies, did not have any effects on normal, non-cancerous tissues.

"I think DCA can be selective for cancer because it attacks a fundamental process in cancer development that is unique to cancer cells," Michelakis said. "One of th

Scientists tested DCA on human cells cultured outside the body where it killed lung, breast and brain cancer cells, but left healthy cells alone. Rats plump with tumors shrank when they were fed water supplemented with DCA.

Again, this seems like it should be at the top of the nightly news, right?

Cancer cells don’t use the little power stations found in most human cells - the mitochondria. Instead, they use glycolysis, which is less effective and more wasteful.

Doctors have long believed the reason for this is because the mitochondria were damaged somehow. But, it turns out the mitochondria were just dormant, and DCA starts them back up again.

The side effect of this is it also reactivates a process called apoptosis. You see, mitochondria contain an all-too-important self-destruct button that can’t be pressed in cancer cells. Without it, tumors grow larger as cells refuse to be extinguished. Fully functioning mitochondria, thanks to DCA, can once again die.

With glycolysis turned off, the body produces less lactic acid, so the bad tissue around cancer cells doesn’t break down and seed new tumors. dichloroacetate

80 Kokam 70Ahr Lithium-ion Polymer cells
6 Reap battery management modules
2 Omron high current DC contactors plus other associated switchgear and fuses

Sub pack assemblies consisting of of 8 cells

PML assembled the cells in groups of 8 cells per pack with a total of 10 packs being used. The inter connection of the individual packs was re designed to massively improve the electrical connection, pack to pack, and to increase the safety to the user.

The completed battery is housed in an aluminium box that is similar in size and weight to the original Mini engine that it replaced. The battery management system is assembled onto a top plate above the battery packs.

When fully charged the battery pack stores 21 KWh of energy and is capable of delivering 100KW continuously or 200KW for short periods of time.
Fully assembled battery cells and BMS system

Reap BMS fitted to top plate
The chosen cells have a very low internal resistance and produce very little waste heat when operating which is good both thermally and for power management efficiency.

The Reap battery management system ensures safe operation and long cell life. Every cell is constantly monitored for voltage, state of charge and temperature.

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