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Diesel propulsion vs. electric power

The Sprinter system's DMU railcars (see photo, below) are manufactured by the German carbuilder Siemens Transportation Systems. Each car is propelled by two 440-horsepower Mercedes diesel engines beneath the floor of the passenger cabin. The maximum permissible speed of the trains is 55 mph. Each car seats 136, with room for 90 standing passengers; and on most trips, the transit district plans to couple two cars together. Through multiple-unit controls, the driver has control of all four diesel engines in a 2-car train. The car body is made of aluminum integral construction; the empty weight is 67 tons. Every car has three different braking systems. When running below 15 mph, the vehicle uses the regular wheel brakes (air brakes). When the train is moving above 15 mph, the cars are slowed by an engine retarder, not by the regular brakes. The third braking system is an electromagnetic track brake (using three electromagnets) located in the trucks (bogeys). When the train goes into emergency braking, all brake systems are applied at once. The initial fleet consists of twelve vehicles provided by Siemens at a cost of $52.2 million. ...
...actual capital investment costs for the project, pushed higher by inflation, delays, and unexpected problems, reached $484.2 million. Operating costs are projected at about $11 million per year. ..
In 1987, the project was included in TransNet, the countywide 0.5% sales tax for transportation projects. In 1990, the NCTD board of directors voted to build the line between Oceanside and Escondido. At that time, the project was projected to cost $60 million and begin operation in 1999. In 1991, the plans were revised to include a new stretch of track, a 1.7-mile double-track alignment to California State University San Marcos, for an additional $25 million. And in 1992, as already mentioned, the existing railway line was purchased. ....
it is questionable whether DMUs – despite eliminating the e

Arsenic Treatment Technologies for Soil, Waste, and Water
EPA 542-R-02-004, 1 Volume + 2 Appendices, 2002
Contact: Linda Fiedler, fiedler.linda@epa.gov
Appendix A: Literature Search Results (367K/PDF)
Appendix B: Sites with Arsenic as a Superfund Constituent of Concern (137K/PDF)

This report summarizes information on 13 technologies used to treat arsenic: in situ soil flushing, solidification/stabilization, vitrification, soil washing/acid extraction, pyrometallurgical treatment, electrokinetics, and phytoremediation for soil; precipitation-coprecipitation, membrane filtration, adsorption, ion exchange, permeable reactive barriers, and biological treatment for water.

"Five Cool Things to do with CUPS",

Laxmi Rao, senior project manager, and Peter Cooper, Manager of Sustainable Engineering and Utility Planning, are leaders in environmental initiatives. This duo focuses on improving energy resources including our award-winning CUP and the solar power initiative.