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26 Sep 09

Dead Programmer Society: Ruby Blocks, Closures, and Continuations

deadprogrammersociety.blogspot.com/...losures-and-continuations.html - Preview

closure ruby blog code

Blocks are basically nameless functions...Basically, you can pass a nameless function to another function, and then that function can invoke the passed-in nameless function.
in Ruby, any method can be called with a block as an implicit argument. Inside the method, you can call the block using the yield keyword with a value.
8 more annotations...
- You can pass around a nameless function object, the closure, to another method to customize the behavior of the method. As another example, if you have a sort method to sort an array or list, you can pass a block to define how to compare the elements. This is not iteration. This is not a loop.
- A closure object has code to run, the executable, and state around the code, the scope.
- So you capture the environment, namely the local variables, in the closure. As a result, you can refer to the local variables inside a closure. Even after the function has returned, and its local scope has been destroyed, the local variables remain in existence as part of the closure object.
- a continuation is an object that can restore the entire context of a program back to where it was when the continuation was saved.
- callcc
- This parameter block is a bit of code that returns control back to the original calling code, immediately after the "callcc" method was called, along with restoring the entire context from when the original call was made.
- The idea is that you can achieve a form of cooperative concurrency in a single threaded environment using call/cc.
- Continuations also provide an alternate model of computation; instead of calling a subroutine, waiting for it to return, then using its result, the subroutine is called with the current continuation the callee does its thing then rather than returning executes the continuation it received.

03 Aug 09

Understanding the closures debate - JavaWorld

www.javaworld.com/...jw-06-closures.html - Preview

closure programming language java

a standard feature in older languages such as
Scheme, Smalltalk, and Lisp, and have more recently made their way into dynamic languages such as Ruby and Groovy. Closures
are a natural fit for statically typed, functional Scala
a closure is a block of code that can be passed as an argument to a function call, which will execute the block immediately or some
time later.
1 more annotations...
- Closures were left out of Java initially more because of time pressures than anything else. In the early days of Java the
  lack of closures was pretty painful, and so inner classes were born: an uncomfortable compromise that attempted to avoid a
  number of hard issues. But as is normal in so many design issues, the simplifications didn't really solve any problems, they
  just moved them.

MF Bliki: Closure

martinfowler.com/...Closure.html - Preview

closure article programming language ruby python java

Closures or
Blocks
Essentially a closure is a block of code that can be passed as an
argument to a function call.
6 more annotations...
- If the block of code
  takes any arguments you declare those between the vertical
  bars.
- closures can refer to
  variables visible at the time they were defined.
- Java's anonymous inner
  classes can access locals - but only if they are final.
- the notation to use them is simple and clear.
- a lot of blur about the exact
  definition of closure.
- File.open(filename) {|f| doSomethingWithFile(f)}

A re-introduction to JavaScript - MDC

developer.mozilla.org/..._re-introduction_to_JavaScript - Preview

javascript closure

Whenever JavaScript executes a function, a 'scope' object is created to hold the local variables created within that function. It is initialised with any variables passed in as function parameters. This is similar to the global object that all global variables and functions live in
firstly, a brand new scope object is created every time a function starts executing, and secondly, unlike the global object (which in browsers is accessible as window) these scope objects cannot be directly accessed from your JavaScript code.
2 more annotations...
- Normally JavaScript's garbage collector would clean up the scope object created for makeAdder at this point, but the returned function maintains a reference back to that scope object.
- Scope objects form a chain called the scope chain, similar to the prototype chain used by JavaScript's object system.

21 Apr 08

Closure (computer science) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

instvestigate closure

en.wikipedia.org/...Closure_(computer_science) - Preview

wikipedia programming closure

In computer science, a closure is a function that is evaluated in an environment containing one or more bound variables.
In some languages, a closure may occur when a function is defined within another function, and the inner function refers to local variables of the outer function. At runtime, when the outer function executes, a closure is formed, consisting of the inner function’s code and references to any variables of the outer function required by the closure.

Groovy - Closures

instvestigate closure

groovy.codehaus.org/Closures - Preview

groovy closure programming dev java

An agile dynamic language for the Java Platform
A Groovy closure is like a "code block" or a method pointer. It is a piece of code that is defined and then executed at a later point.
1 more annotations...
- Closures may be "bound" to variables within the scope where they are defined:

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