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Cronyism has always played a significant part in Russian political and economic life, so the arrival on the scene 20 years ago of crony capitalism was no surprise. It has been through various stages over that period, ending up with the ‘predatory state’ that exists in Russia today.
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- rent seeking and state capture – Big Business is united and controls a weak and disjointed state apparatus;
- the predatory state - Business is divided into competing groups and a united state apparatus effects business capture;
- mutual hostages - civil servants and businessmen are united and organised in such a way that they balance out each other’s influence in politics and economics.
Kang uses these criteria to identify the following situations:
The working class has the power to grind capitalism to halt. After all, nothing in society happens without the labour of workers. The rich might own everything, but they operate nothing: hence the power of workers’ strikes. The working class also has an interest in transforming society and in operating an economic system based on human need and not profit.
The Makhnovist movement of the Ukraine is the best known of the revolutionary oppositions to the Bolshevik regime. But it was not the only radical challenge the Bolsheviks faced from below. Numerous peasants revolts occurred in the years 1920-22, aiming not to restore the old regime but to defend themselves from the new one. Nick Heath here examines their extent, causes and limitations.
This is a useful little pamphlet, giving as it does a short introduction to various rebellions against Bolshevik dictatorship by the proclaimed “ruling class” of that regime, workers and peasants. Peasant revolts in Siberian, the Don, Kuban, Ukraine and elsewhere are discussed, most of which took place in 1920-1. Interestingly, the leaders of these revolts were usually former Red Army officers. None, though, were as politically sophisticated as the Makhnovists.
"The story of the Kronstadt revolt, compactly told, a decisive moment in the Bolshevik counter-revolution. "
American military and economic strategists recognize Afghanistan is a necessary bridgehead to engage America's competitors China, Russia, and India on their home field as well as to contain and pacify potential spoilers to the expansion of free trade in Iran, Pakistan, and the volatile Central Asian states.
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Not only does Afghanistan contain some of the richest mineral deposits in the world, but it also sits astride the shortest trade routes between China and Europe as well as between Russia and India. In this age of globalizing free trade and an accelerating scramble for natural resources, Afghanistan sits at the epicentre of Eurasia.
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as Zbigniew Brzezinski noted in 1997: “What happens with the distribution of power on the Eurasian landmass will be of decisive importance to America's global primacy and historical legacy.”
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"The US lobbied Russia this year on behalf of Visa and MasterCard to try to ensure the payment card companies were not "adversely affected" by new legislation, according to American diplomats in Moscow."
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A state department cable released this afternoon by WikiLeaks reveals that US diplomats intervened to try to amend a draft law going through Russia's duma, or lower house of parliament. Their explicit aim was to ensure the new law did not "disadvantage" the two US companies, the cable states.
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The revelation comes a day after Visa – apparently acting under intense pressure from Washington – announced it was suspending all payments to WikiLeaks, the whistle-blowing website. Visa was following MasterCard, PayPal and Amazon, all of which have severed ties with the site and its founder, Julian Assange, in the past few days.
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"Leaked State Department documents provide further evidence that United States authorities knew that the ex-Soviet republic of Georgia, a key ally of Washington in the Caucasus region, initiated the August 2008 war with Russia."
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South Ossetia has refused to acknowledge Tbilisi’s authority since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, and Russian peacekeepers have been stationed in the province since then.
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The diplomatic reports from the American embassy record that the US was aware that Georgia’s armed forces were “deploying troops to positions in Georgian territory to the south of the Zone of Conflict [the disputed boundary between Georgia proper and the secessionist territory]” and that Tbilisi’s forces were operating on “a heightened state of readiness in order to show their resolve.”
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"Washington and its western allies have for the first time since the end of the cold war put together detailed military plans to defend eastern Europe against Russian threats, according to confidential US diplomatic cables."
"Senate Republicans are dragging their feet on the ratification of the START nuclear treaty with Russia, according to a chorus of Democrats and newspaper editorial boards who urge its immediate ratification."
The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 in Russia remains rich soil for today's left-wing revolutionaries. Hundreds flocked to hear acclaimed US historian Alexander Rabinowitch discuss his latest work in Berlin recently. But the scholar is anxious not to be mistaken for a political figure.
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The lecture hall was packed. Latecomers stood in the aisles. An audience of over 300 spectators craned their necks to catch a glimpse of the historian waiting patiently at the podium for the excited buzz to die down.
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The Berlin branch of the leftist-revolutionary International Students for Social Equality (ISSE) had invited Rabinowitch to present a new German translation of his latest work "The Bolsheviks in Power: The First Year of Soviet Rule in Petrograd."
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"Russian President Demetri Medvedev's decision not to sell advanced weaponry to Iran is being hailed as a dividend of the Obama administration's "reset" policy with Russia. And although the administration didn't expressly offer the Kremlin a quid pro quo for the reversal, Moscow will expect moves by Washington in return as it cautiously moves to grasp Obama's outstretched hand. "
مؤخرا نشرت مجلة "فوربس" الأمريكية التصنيف الدوري لأثرى أثرياء العالم. ووفقا لنتائج عام الأزمة المالية 2009 اتسعت قائمة أصحاب المليارات من 793 إلى 1011 شخصا، فيما ازداد إجمالي ثروتهم مرة ونصف من 2.4 إلى 3.6 تريليون دولار.
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