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09 Oct 09
One small step for neurons, one giant leap for nerve cell repair
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The study featured on the cover of the October 7 issue of Journal of Neuroscience, is the first to show that nerve cells will grow and make meaningful, functional contacts, or synapses - the specialized junctions through which neurons signal to each other - with an artificial component, in this case, plastic beads coated with a substance that encourages adhesion, and attracts the nerve cells.
![\centerline{<br/>\includegraphics[width=80mm]{Figs-ch1-intro/krueger.new.eps}}](http://icwww.epfl.ch/~gerstner//SPNM/img42.gif)
02 Jun 09
Role of mirror neurons may need a rethink - life - 26 May 2009 - New Scientist
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Mirror neurons fire both when we perform an action and when we see someone else doing it. The theory is that by simulating action even when watching an act, the neurons allow us to recognise and understand other people's actions and intentions.
Pure Pedantry : Neuron to Glia Synapses on Axons?
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When we think of synapses we usually think of the chemical junctions between two neurons. An action potential is transmitted down the axon to the axon terminal. In the axon terminal vesicles fuse with the membrane in response to the action potential; this releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitters bind receptors on the dendrites of the post-synaptic neuron, triggering electrical potentials in that neuron which can in some cases result in an action potential in the next neuron down the line.
20 Mar 09
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“We are now in a situation like molecular biology was a few years ago when people started to map the human genome and make the data available,” Meier says. “Our colleagues are recording data from neural tissues describing the neurons and synapses and their connectivity. This is being done almost on an industrial scale, recording data from many, many neural cells and putting them in databases.”
24 Jan 09
Technology Review: A Virus That Rebuilds Damaged Nerves
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Researchers working on tissue engineering hope to eventually be able to use a patient's own cells to grow replacement tissue for damaged hearts, livers, and nerves. But mimicking the structure and function of the body's tissue has proved difficult. Matrices of supportive, fibrous proteins sustain the cells of the heart, lungs, and other tissues in the body. These scaffolds provide both structural support and chemical signals that enable an organ or nerve tissue to function properly.
16 Oct 08
Neuron - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Neurons exist in a number of different shapes and sizes and can be classified by their morphology and function. The anatomist Camillo Golgi grouped neurons into two types; type I with long axons used to move signals over long distances and type II without axons. type I cells can be further divided by where the cell body or soma is located. The basic morphology of type I neurons, represented by spinal motor neurons, consists of a cell body called the soma and a long thin axon which is covered by the myelin sheath. Around the cell body is a branching dendritic tree that receives signals from other neurons. The end of the axon has branching terminals (axon terminal) that release transmitter substances into a gap called the synaptic cleft between the terminals and the dendrites of the next neuron.
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![Image of pyramidal neurons in mouse cerebral cortex expressing green fluorescent protein. The red staining indicates GABAergic interneurons. Source PLoS Biology [1]](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/GFPneuron.png/250px-GFPneuron.png)
22 Aug 08
Efficient technique enables thinking
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However, contact between nerve cells is also constantly being set up and dismantled in adults. It is this continuous restructuring of the brain that allows us to learn and to forget.
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Free Will vs. the Programmed Brain: Scientific American
这可以解释为什么在一个极权国家，人们趋向于不负责任
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In this light, it’s not surprising that people behave less morally as they become skeptical of free will. Further, the Vohs and Schooler result fits with the idea that people will behave less responsibly if they regard their actions as beyond their control. If I think that there’s no point in trying to be good, then I’m less likely to try.
16 May 08
Memory Loss - Alzheimer's Disease - Brain - Health - New York Times
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The birth of new nerve cells, she said, “has been shown to occur in the adult — not only in adult rats and monkeys, but also in older adult humans.” Most of the areas that show neurogenesis and that have been investigated so far are important for learning and memory, particularly the hippocampus, she added.
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