第一個字元代表這個檔案是『目錄、檔案或連結檔等等』：





• 當為[ d ]則是目錄，例如上表檔名為『.gconf』的那一行；


• 當為[ - ]則是檔案，例如上表檔名為『install.log』那一行；


• 若是[ l ]則表示為連結檔(link file)；


• 若是[ b ]則表示為裝置檔裡面的可供儲存的周邊設備(可隨機存取裝置)；


• 若是[ c ]則表示為裝置檔裡面的序列埠設備，例如鍵盤、滑鼠(一次性讀取裝置)。

如何改變檔案屬性與權限




我們現在知道檔案權限對於一個系統的安全重要性了，也知道檔案的權限對於使用者與群組的相關性，
那麼如何修改一個檔案的屬性與權限呢？又！有多少檔案的權限我們可以修改呢？
其實一個檔案的屬性與權限有很多！我們先介紹幾個常用於群組、擁有者、各種身份的權限之修改的指令，如下所示：




• chgrp ：改變檔案所屬群組


• chown ：改變檔案擁有者


• chmod ：改變檔案的權限, SUID, SGID, SBIT等等的特性

nstalling DSL to a Harddisk (another way)

1) Boot from the DSL LiveCD

2) At the boot prompt type "install"

3) Select option #1 to create a boot floppy (the installation script would only finish without errors if the boot floppy was available, even when installing from CD)

4) Select option #10 to partition your hard disk as described above.

5) Run the hard drive install option (with the boot floppy inserted)

6) The install will ask if you want to use Lilo or Grub as a boot loader after it finishes copying the DSL files.

• S.M.A.R.T. Linux
  
  
  S.M.A.R.T. Linux is a bootable floppy distribution containing tool (smartmontools) for monitoring IDE/SCSI hard disks (using Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology). Why floppy? Probably because all other distributions containing this useful utility are CD versions.
  
  



• Serverdisk diskette distro
  
  
  Serverdisk is a diskette distro that offers services normally associated with HD or CD distributions. These include httpd and ftpd. This is not a rescue disk and strives to be in a separate class of its own. It currently only takes up 900kb on disk.
  
  



• Sisela
  
  
  Sisela is a small, self-contained system designed to wake up in any PC and turn it into a highly capable piece of networking equipment. It can act as a bridge, router, firewall, DHCP server, DNS server, wireless access point or any combination of these functions.
  
  



• SPYLinux
  
  
  spyLinux is (s)mall (py)thon (Linux). It's a single disk distribution of Linux which contains some basic utilities, working, vi, and the python interpreter (minus Tkinter).
  
  



• ViraLinux_II
  
  
  (ftp only) A LILO boot/root floppy image that can boot to itself without a HD and has over 200k free space on the floppy, ash, eforthl,
  H3sm and no libc.
  
  



• Xwoaf
  
  
  'X-Windows On A Floppy: a complete standalone, bootable, single Linux floppy that installs and runs from a RAMdisk. It provides the basic functionality required to turn any computer that successfully boots it into a modern communication node.
  
  



• Zool Linux
  
  
  Zool Linux is a Linux based operating system on one floppy disk, for restoring a system and testing some hardware.

Installation without a CD

The documents listed below provide instructions for installing Ubuntu without using a CD or CD-ROM drive.

Minimal installations




If you have an older computer or a computer with a small amount of memory, see the guides below for help on installing Ubuntu.

• Installation/LowMemorySystems - Install Ubuntu on older computers with low memory.

• LowEndSystemSupport - Making the desktop interface snappier on machines with low memory.

• Installation/MinimalCD - From a minimal CD that downloads packages during install.