Jeremy Price's Library tagged anthropology → View Popular

This frame cuts out a lot of context in order to focus on the specific interactions.
Where are we to make the cut between human and machine in a given research frame? How do we make those frames? How might we expand those frames? How can we take responsibility for the cuts we make?
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- Suchman says that this illustration is a good way to illustrate the word “reconfiguration”, which she finds to be a vital part of using technology. She cites Donna Haraway’s notion of technologies as ‘materialized figurations’ (from her book, “Modest Witness”). That is: Technologies take part of our activities and practices and materialize them. Configuring a tool to fit with a certain activity or practice.
- She uses the example that when roboticists are designing human-like machines, they are expressing their notions of what it means to be human - of human practices - in their design.
- What they found was that this sort of utilizing different information sources is unremarkable everyday stuff to the controllers. This led to a new understanding of what an information system is:
  
  - multiple, partial information sources
  
  - assembled into a working system through the skilled practices of their use
- practices … used by members of a profession [that] shape events in the domains subject to their professional scrutiny. The shaping process creates the objects of knowledge that become the insignia of profession’s craft.
- We get different entities when we put technology and people together. She ends by quoting the feminist physicist Karen Barad (in her book “Meeting the universe halfway” (2007)):
  
  Agency is not an attribute but the ongoing reconfigurings of the world.

23 Sep 09

Sympathy for Creationists « Neuroanthropology

the difficulty of really seeing the world through an evolutionary lens
Creationism adheres to patterns of error in thought: belief that our intellectual categories are reflected in reality; attribution of purpose and direction to the unfolding of events; and a firm conviction that we are both distinctive and fundamentally important to reality.

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evolution science religion anthropology

a basic disagreement about the concept of ‘belief’ or ‘faith.’
simply assumptions about how things work that are, mostly, consistent with the evidence, my own observations, what reasonable people tend to say, and the like. I don’t subject the existence of atoms or the location of my car to constant scrutiny; to do so would probably be the slippery slope to a kind of existential obsessive-compulsive disorder
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- When people of faith say that they ‘believe’ something, I suspect that they are describing a very different sort of feeling
- faith makes the faithful feel happy; they prize having belief; and some seem to be worried about losing it
- if I could come up with a convincing mathematical proof of God, I’d negate the whole need for faith, thus debasing the very attainment and maintenance of faith, the key to salvation, in a manner of speaking
- In contrast, most scientists don’t lose their faith in atoms, nor do they fear losing their belief that atoms exist.
- religious faith seems to be simultaneously more anxious and more precious than other sorts of mundane beliefs, such as confidence in the predictability of the material world
- If we look across the human species, believing in the supernatural is the statistically dominant human condition, even if belief in a particular act of ‘creation’ is less dominant.
- I suggested that some evolutionary theorists don’t really do the cause a favour when dealing with this hardened core of resistance to accepting evolution as the basic mechanism of species development and change. That is, some of the arguments that extrapolate from evolutionary theory undermine the credibility of evolution in the eyes of a wider public.
- those who put forward ‘evolutionary’ accounts to justify present patterns of human behaviour, which often turn out to be intentionally scandalizing or factually challenged on various levels
- One of the key issues for me is the whole notion of ‘human nature,’ and the degree to which behaviour is determined by selective mechanisms. Ironically, I think that the notion of ‘human nature’ sometimes employed in evolutionary psychology is a kind of essentializing error that also comes up in Creationist thought.
- Teleologic error: Evolution ‘designs’
- One reason that Darwin himself did not like the word ‘evolution’ (he preferred ‘transformation’ and didn’t use ‘evolution’ until the sixth edition of The Origin of Species) was that he thought it suggested improvement or progress or some sort of directionality to changes in species.
- I think both Creationists and many evolution proponents resist the implications of the utter directionless-ness of evolutionary development, either recoiling from the recognition that this is a completely rudderless existence or simply not being able to comprehend what non-intended, design-less development might look like.
- Some accounts of evolutionary change or trait emergence seem to me to exacerbate this tendency toward teleology by carelessly arguing that physiological changes are ‘for’ a particular function or fitness-related purpose.
- Essentializing error: species as ‘type’
- the essentializing error, the assumption that all individuals in a species are members of a type or category. To me, one of the implications of The Origin of Species is that species are unstable, constantly changing, and precariously balanced populations of individuals that might, at almost any time, split into multiple species or change into other sorts of individuals, were there not very active processes stabilizing them.
- the human brain, especially with the use of language, seems to function much better with types than with pools of variation
- we shouldn’t then let the assumption be that there is a ‘type-ness,’ a shared essence in a species which is really a population with inherent variation.
- For this reason, even though I may use the term ‘human nature’ myself at times, I think it’s an erroneous concept, even before we start talking about specific behaviours that allegedly make up that ‘nature’ because ‘nature’ gives too much credence to the existence of the type.
- One of the consequences of the essentializing error, in my opinion, is that we may be led to ignore both variation and future change
- Darwin wrote himself a marginal note to himself, ‘Never say higher or lower in referring to organisms.’ Most of us, even biologists, have a hard time sticking to this scrupulousness, and we tend to project value judgments onto even more neutral-sounding language (like my use of the terms ‘complex’ and ‘simple’ or ‘multi-cellular’ and ‘single-celled’).
- Biologists and Creationists alike tend to share a bias towards the multicellular freak show, if I might be so rude.
- we, as a species, are pretty self-centred, believing that, even if the universe does not revolve around us, at least we’re typical of life.
- We are exceptional, but not in the sense that we are fundamentally different from other animals; we, like our large-bodied evolutionary close relations, are odd and unusual in the grand circus of life. I think that Creationism turns this oddity into a kind of Divine License, a Adamic Stewardship, an assumption that humans are God’s special favourite creatures and Creation was given to us. Even many biologists and environmentalists focus on humans and large multicellular organisms disproportionately. An evolutionary framework, in contrast, is a more sobering assessment of our peculiarity, a sense for our fragility and dependence on all these other ‘simpler’ organisms.
- This piece is more about the difficulty of really seeing the world through an evolutionary lens.
- although natural selection may be simple in axiomatic terms, it is a real challenge to integrate it into everyday thought. Even our ways of speaking tend to reintroduce errors of teleology, essentialism and complexity bias, leading us to use terms like ‘design,’ a species’ ‘nature,’ and ‘higher’ and ‘lower’ organisms without considering much their implications.
- Global statistics tell us that Creationism must have some sort of consistency with observable facts
- Creationism adheres to patterns of error in thought: belief that our intellectual categories are reflected in reality; attribution of purpose and direction to the unfolding of events; and a firm conviction that we are both distinctive and fundamentally important to reality.
- I still don’t think Creationists are right, but I do feel like I know where they’re coming from.

New bibliography: Media in Everyday Life « media/anthropology

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bibliography research media technology internet anthropology culture society

21 Sep 09

New bibliography of online worlds and social networking « media/anthropology

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reference technology social research anthropology bibliography

22 Aug 09

http://home.uchicago.edu/~jwf1

James Fernandez Homepage - Preview

anthropology academia syllabi resource papers

http://home.uchicago.edu/~jwf1

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anthropology academia syllabi resource papers

19 Aug 09

Expanding the Top Ten Ways for Anthropologists to Make a Difference « Neuroanthropology

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activism anthropology research academia

Critique – Making a Difference « Neuroanthropology

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anthropology critique critical theory

28 Jul 09

Notes on Kelty's (2008) Two Bits - Arts & Architecture, Research, and anthropology

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technology book review culture anthropology

17 Apr 09

Anthrophoto

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anthropology photography resource photos

24 Mar 09

Savage Minds: Notes and Queries in Anthropology — A Group Blog » The book is dead! Long live the book!

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anthropology book publishing higher_ed

13 Feb 09

Papers you can download

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technology anthropology research ethnography academic papers list downloads

22 Jan 09

The emergence of the geospatial Web « media/anthropology

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technology research anthropology place

This turn toward physical space is intensified today by the enormous development of new technological applications for everyday use that highlight the relation between information and place.

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Sympathy for Creationists « Neuroanthropology

New bibliography: Media in Everyday Life « media/anthropology

New bibliography of online worlds and social networking « media/anthropology

http://home.uchicago.edu/~jwf1

http://home.uchicago.edu/~jwf1

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Anthrophoto

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Papers you can download

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