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22 Dec 09

gladwell dot com - priced to sell

gladwell.com/...2009_07_06_a_priced.html - Preview

free-economy kevin-kelly long-tail amazon apple pharmaceutical copyright

The only iron law here is the one too obvious to write a book about, which is that the digital age has so transformed the ways in which things are made and sold that there are no iron laws.

26 Sep 08

Kevin Kelly -- The Technium

www.kk.org/...wagging_the_lon.php - Preview

long-tail kevin-kelly

06 Dec 07

Technology wants to be free - Kevin Kelly -- The Technium

www.kk.org/...technology_want.php - Preview

free kevin-kelly long-tail network-economy technology

Let me state it more precisely: Over time the cost per fixed technological function will decrease. If that function persists long enough its costs begin to approach (but never reach) zero. In the goodness of time any particular technological function will exist as if it were free.
“there has been a downward trend in real commodity prices of about 1 percent per year over the last 140 years.” For a century and half prices have been headed toward zero.
14 more annotations...
- In other words, any service or product that can be easily defined will become a commodity and drop towards zero.
- Over time, every successful luxury becomes defined by its use and the other goods that piggyback on it. It then becomes a commodity.
- All these options make the consumer king, because you pick and choose where you want your free.
- Almost any product or service can be unbundled into various combos of functions, where one of the strands is priced as free, while the others remain expensive.
- But while we can expect the zero-price option (ZPO) in all industries and all major products and services, the corresponding counter price for the bundled functions will vary all over the place, often expensively.
- I like to think of it as the Zero-Price Uncertainty Principle. If you fix the price of one facet to zero, you can’t fix any of the other facets to zero. Only one function at a time can be fixed at zero.
- The zero-price option, which was once very rare, is now being driven to ubiquity by network effects.
- As members are added to a network linearly the value of the network increases exponentially, which charted looks “as if” it were headed toward infinity. The compounding numbers of members made commoditization possible, fluid, and fast.
- . Further, advanced technologies that encourage cooperation and collaboration permit faster invention and distribution of those inventions, which in turn permit the competitive pressure for lower prices to take effect quicker and deeper.
- These five traits of networked technology – perfect market competition, price transparency, innovation sharing, collaboration, and expanding markets – ceaselessly push technology toward the free.
- The technium conspires to guide manufactured items toward the free, where they can unleash their maximum good. The free, not the costly, is the true home of technology.
- As it became free, it became more indispensable in the ecology of the technium, and more instrumental in unleashing other technologies. It also became a factor in driving other technologies toward the free. In this way it is like health; free technologies tend to enable other technologies toward the free, in a self-sustaining, self-creating loop.
- There is a similar self-reinforcing positive feedback loop in the free-ization of technology. Nearly-free goods permit waste and experimentation, which breed new options for that good, which increase its abundance and lower its price, which generate more new options, which permit further novelty.
- Technology wants to be free, as in free beer, because as it become free it also increases freedom. The inherent talents, capabilities and benefits of a technology cannot be released until it is almost free. The drive toward the free unleashes the constraints on each species in the technium, allowing it to interact with as many other species of technology as is possible, engendering new hybrids and deeper ecologies of tools, and permitting human users more choices and freedoms of use. As a technology grows in abundance and cheapness, it is more likely to find its appropriate niche which it can sustain itself and support other technologies in commodity mode. As technology heads toward the free it unleashes the only lasting thing it can: options and possibilities.