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18 Jul 06

Experiments with Economics (Workbooks)

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02 Jul 06

Textbook Revolution

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01 Jul 06

MIT OpenCourseWare | Writing and Humanistic Studies | 21W.731-1 Writing and Experience: Exploring Self in Society, Spring 2004 | Home

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Semiotics for Beginners by Daniel Chandler

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Anything can be a sign as long as someone interprets it as 'signifying' something -
referring to or standing for something other than itself.
- a signifier: the word open;
- a signified concept: that the shop is open for business.
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- A sign must have both a signifier and a signified
- two dominant models of what constitutes a sign are those of the linguist
  Ferdinand de Saussure and the philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce. These will be
  discussed in turn.
  
  Saussure offered a 'dyadic' or two-part model of the sign. He defined a sign as
  being composed of:
  
  a 'signifier' (signifiant) - the form which the sign takes; and
  the 'signified' (signifié) - the concept it represents.
- media theorists to
  argue deterministically that our technical means and systems always and inevitably become 'ends
  in themselves' (a common interpretation of Marshall McLuhan's famous aphorism, 'the medium is
  the message'), and has even led some to present media as wholly autonomous entities with
  'purposes' (as opposed to functions) of their own.
- semantics: the relationship of signs to what they stand for;
  syntactics (or syntax): the formal or structural relations between signs;
- Semiotics began to become a major approach to cultural studies in the late
  1960s, partly as a result of the work of Roland Barthes. The translation
  into English of his popular essays in a collection entitled
  Mythologies
  (Barthes 1957),
  followed in the 1970s and 1980s by many of his other
  writings, greatly increased scholarly awareness of this approach. Writing in 1964,
  Barthes declared
  that 'semiology aims to take in any system of signs, whatever their substance and
  limits; images, gestures, musical sounds, objects, and the complex associations of
  all of these, which form the content of ritual, convention or public entertainment:
  these constitute, if not languages, at least systems of signification'
  (Barthes 1967, 9).
- Modern semiotic theory is also sometimes allied with a
  
  Marxist approach which stresses the role of ideology.
- Leading modern semiotic theorists include
  
  Roland Barthes (1915-1980),
  
  Algirdas Greimas (1917-1992),
  
  Yuri Lotman (1922-1993),
  
  Christian Metz (1931-1993),
  
  Umberto Eco (b 1932) and
  
  Julia Kristeva (b 1941).
- Swiss linguist
  
  Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913), a founder not
  only of linguistics but also of what is now more usually referred to as semiotics
- Semiotics could be anywhere. The shortest definition is that it is the study of
  signs.

Logic and Proofs

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how the study of logic as a formal discipline has a long and distinguished history, dating back at least to Aristotle; how the tools and techniques of logic are of universal applicability; how an understanding of logic will benefit you in everything you do from the study of subjects as diverse as mathematics, archaeology, and computer science, to the normal affairs of everyday life.

MIT OpenCourseWare | Foreign Languages and Literatures | 21F.027J Visualizing Cultures, Spring 2003 | Home

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16 Jun 06

Ploughshares, the literary journal

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03 Jun 06

Exhibits

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29 May 06

OpenCourseWare Finder

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Open Learning Initiative Carnegie Mellon

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knowledge online courses university

Carnegie Mellon open learning courses> Logic OLI - entropy7 on 2006-05-29

he Open
& Free Version provides access to a full semester
course on sentential and predicate logic. The sentential logic portion of the course is complete and the predicate logic portion of the course is currently under development. We are making the course available while it is under development.This course has been taught at Carnegie
Mellon University under the title "Logic and Proofs" in iteratively improved versions every semester since Fall 2003. You have access to expository text, comprehension
tests, computer tutors, and the Carnegie Proof Lab