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10 Nov 09

Romanticism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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romanticism aesthetics 18th philosophy

It was partly a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature,^[2] and was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature.
the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities
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- elevated folk art and custom to something noble, and argued for a "natural" epistemology of human activities as conditioned by nature in the form of language, custom and usage.
- elevate medievalism and elements of art and narrative perceived to be authentically medieval, in an attempt to escape the confines of population growth, urban sprawl, and industrialism, and it also attempted to embrace the exotic, unfamiliar, and distant in modes more authentic than chinoiserie, harnessing the power of the imagination to envision and to escape.
- rooted in German Pietism, which prized intuition and emotion over Enlightenment rationalism,
- the ideologies and events of the French Revolution laid the background from which Romanticism emerged. The confines of the Industrial Revolution also had their influence on Romanticism
- "Realism" was offered as a polarized opposite
- heroic
- There was a strong recourse to historical and natural inevitability
- the evocation or criticism of the past,
- Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne, based their writings on the supernatural/occult and human psychology.
- The Scottish poet James Macpherson influenced the early development of Romanticism with the international success of his Ossian cycle of poems published in 1762
- Romanticism in British literature developed in a different form slightly later
- The poet and painter William Blake is the most extreme example of the Romantic sensibility in Britain, epitomised by his claim “I must create a system or be enslaved by another man's.” Blake's artistic work is also strongly influenced by Medieval illuminated books
- One of Romanticism's key ideas and most enduring legacies is the assertion of nationalism, which became a central theme of Romantic art and political philosophy.
- focus on development of national languages and folklore, and the importance of local customs and traditions, to the movements which would redraw the map of Europe and lead to calls for self-determination of nationalities, nationalism was one of the key vehicles of Romanticism, its role, expression and meaning.
- Early Romantic nationalism was strongly inspired by Rousseau
- This view of nationalism inspired the collection of folklore by such people as the Brothers Grimm, the revival of old epics as national, and the construction of new epics as if they were old, as in the Kalevala, compiled from Finnish tales and folklore, or Ossian,
- The view that fairy tales, unless contaminated from outside literary sources, were preserved in the same form over thousands of years, was not exclusive to Romantic Nationalists, but fit in well with their views that such tales expressed the primordial nature of a people.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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philosophy aesthetics 18th jacques jean rousseau

09 Nov 09

Significant Scots - James MacPherson

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philosophy aesthetics 18th james macpherson

poetical talents;
department of literature,

Major Events of the 18th Century

www.history1700s.com/page1600.shtml - Preview

philosophy painting aesthetics 18th events major century

18th Century British Aesthetics (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

plato.stanford.edu/...aesthetics-18th-british - Preview

philosophy painting 18th century british

nature and that of artistic
representation
What is the nature of taste? What is the nature
of beauty? Is there is a standard of taste and of beauty?
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- nature of the sublime
- What is the nature of genius
- nature of taste
- Joseph Addison
- internal-sense theories, of which the theories of
  Shaftesbury (1711), Hutcheson (1725), and Reid (1785) are
  representative
- imagination theories, of which theories of Addison
  (1712) and Burke (1757/59) are representative
- Gerard (1757) and Alison (1790) are
  representative.

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