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History of American Education
This page was last edited on 06/15/2004 07:48:11. It was originated and is currently maintained by Professor Robert N. Barger. It is dedicated to the late F. Raymond McKenna, longtime Professor of Philosophy and History of Education at Eastern Illinois University. It has been designated as an "Internet Site of the Day" by THE CHRONICLE OF HIGHER EDUCATION and also as a selection of the Internet Scout Report for the Social Sciences.
The Normal School
James G. Carter, a member of the Massachusetts legislature is called the "Father of the American Normal School". He was influential in the passage of a bill creating the first State Board of Education in Massachusetts. Horace Mann was named the first secretary on June 29, 1837. Mann said at the dedication of the Lexington school "I believe Normal Schools to be a new instrumentality in the advancement of the race. I believe that, without them, Free Schools themselves would be shorn of their strength and their healing power and would at length become mere charity schools and thus die out in fact and in form."
The direction of education at this time was influenced by the teaching methods of Prussian schools, as developed by Pestalozzi. He described the process of teaching as directing the child in the unfolding of his latent powers and emphasized the harmonious development of the individual's faculties into a complete personality. This was a far cry from rote memorization, basically the only teaching method being utilized at this point in the U.S. There was a real need to provide the type of education which would foster a critical thinking populace. Daniel Webster said "Make them intelligent, and they will be vigilant -- give them the means of detecting wrong, and they will apply the remedy."
History of Education: Selected Moments
This is a site about education during the 20th century, organized by decades. It includes short descriptions of 'educational episodes' that took place in that period. The episode in question could be a policy, a court case, a piece of legislation, a scholarly article, a theory, a project, a research report, an incident, the release of a book, a speech, an empirical finding, a tragedy, an acomplishment, a conference, the opening or a closure of an institution, a film, an anecdote, or anything, big or small, that tells us something about education theory, policy, politics, research or practice during the last century. Arguably, some of these episodes have been more historically significant or influential than others, and some may be more well-known than others, but each one uncovers a piece of that immense puzzle that was 20th century education. Education is understood here in its broadest sense, and not only as schooling. Although its current emphasis is on North American educational developments, there is an ongoing effort to include more international content.
Most entries have been written especially for this site (many of them by education students), although some consist of links to other webpages. Cross references are used to show connections between different moments. New entries are added regularly. If you would like to submit an entry, make a comment to improve this site, or suggest a link to a webpage to be added to this compilation, please send it to: dschugurensky@oise.utoronto.ca.
Truthdig - Reports - The Age of Paine
“We have it in our power to begin the world over again,” wrote Thomas Paine in “Common Sense,” the revolutionary pamphlet published in January 1776. Ronald Reagan quoted those words on July 17, 1980, when he addressed the Republican National Convention and accepted his party’s presidential nomination. Reagan led a coalition of corporate oligarchs, imperial crusaders and Christian fundamentalists to power, and to this day Reaganism remains the official gospel of the old guard in the Republican Party. The republican and social democratic ideals of Paine are long lost to many modern partisan Republicans and Democrats, but many memorable phrases of Paine still fill the mouths of career politicians.
The world economy is tracking or doing worse than during the Great Depression (update) | vox - Research-based policy analysis and commentary from leading economists
It’s a Depression alright
To sum up, globally we are tracking or doing even worse than the Great Depression, whether the metric is industrial production, exports or equity valuations. Focusing on the US causes one to minimise this alarming fact. The “Great Recession” label may turn out to be too optimistic. This is a Depression-sized event.
That said, we are only one year into the current crisis, whereas after 1929 the world economy continued to shrink for three successive years. What matters now is that policy makers arrest the decline. We therefore turn to the policy response.
A History of Schooling for Alaska Native People
This article documents significant historical events and trends that have helped to shape the policies and practices of education in Alaska, particularly those that have most directly impacted the schooling of Alaska Native people.
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a set of values and beliefs that includes: priority of communal and family considerations over individual considerations, a belief in sharing versus accumulating, and a respect for spirituality and an interconnectedness with the natural world
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Western system does not always mesh well with the Native worldview,
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Powell Told U.S. Tortured Detainees, But He Failed to Act
(Source of Truthout article) The next month, February 2004, the ICRC gave Bush administration officials a confidential report which found that U.S. occupation forces in Iraq often arrested Iraqis without good reason and subjected them to abuse and humiliation that sometimes was “tantamount to torture” in violation of the Geneva Conventions.
Arianna Huffington: Wall Street, DC, and the New Financial Euphoria
Not even the latest employment stats showing that another 539,000 Americans had lost their jobs dimmed the enthusiasm. Call it The New Financial Euphoria.
Only it's not really new. When I was interviewing Eliot Spitzer last week on Squawk Box, he recommended a book called A Short History of Financial Euphoria by John Kenneth Galbraith, and over the weekend, in between running into more cases studies in financial euphoria, I gave it a read. Kudos to Spitzer, because the book couldn't be more apt to what we're facing today.
Written in response to the stock market crash of 1987, the book is an examination of how economic bubbles start and why we never seem to learn the right lessons when they burst. Starting with the tulip mania in the 17th century and going up to 1987, Galbraith explores the psychology behind the boom/bust cycle and how "the extreme brevity of the financial memory," combined with an ignorance of history, leads to the same reckless mistakes being made again and again and again.
Memo to Media: Populism Is a Rebellion Against Corporate Power -- It's Not Just Stupid, Raw Anger | Corporate Accountability and WorkPlace | AlterNet
a brief history of populism in the late 19th century
Howard Zinn's Havens Center lecture shown on Democracy Now | Havens Center
full video of Dr. Zinn's lecture, produced by On the Earth Productions and shown on Democracy Now on November 23, 2006.
Lost Worlds: Is Another World Possible? - CommonDreams.org
“There is no alternative,” said Thatcher. “History has ended,” said Fukuyama.
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